VOA慢速听力2篇【617-618】Swiss to Vote on Cow Horn Removal Issue
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AS IT IS
Swiss to Vote on Cow Horn Removal Issue
November 23, 2018
Swiss farmer farmer Armin Capaul poses with his cows ahead of the nationwide vote on his initiative on cow horns, on October 16, 2018 above Perrefitte, northern Switzerland.
Swiss citizens will vote Sunday on an issue involving cows that has divided the country.
Voters will decide if farmers can receive government aid for not removing the hornsof their cows.
Cows are an important part of the nation’s milk industry. They are also a national symbol for Switzerland and draw visitors to the country.
Farmer Armin Capaul began the effort to keep horns on cows nine years ago. Capaul told Reuters that “listening” to his cows incited him to act. When his campaign to persuade politicians failed, Capaul collected more than 100,000 signatures to hold a national vote on the issue.
He is seeking to have the government give farmers yearly payments of about $200 for each horned cow they have. Capaul says the money is needed to help famers pay for extra costs linked to keeping horned animals. Having more space for the animals helps prevent fights and injuries involving cow horns. Capaul hopes the government assistance will reduce the number of dehorned cows.
Capaul says horns help cows communicate and keep the right body temperature. “We must respect cows as they are,” he told Reuters on his small farm in northwestern Switzerland. “Leave them their horns. When you look at them they always hold their head high and are proud. When you remove the horns, they are sad,” he said.
In this Aug. 23, 2011, file photo, dairy cows graze on grass in the Emmental region of Switzerland. (AP Photo/Mark D. Carlson) About 75 percent of Swiss cows are dehorned or genetically hornless.
Capaul’s plan would require a change to the Swiss constitution. The government opposes the idea. It estimates the assistance would represent about $30 million a year of the country’s agriculture budget. Many farmers have also expressed concerns about how the country would pay for the proposed assistance.
Groups opposed to dehorning have supported Capaul’s campaign. Dehorning involves burning a young cow’s small horns with a hot iron. Critics say the process is painful and unnatural. But supporters say it is no worse than castrating male cats or dogs.
Farmer Stefan Gilgen has 48 cows that provide about 260 gallons of milk a day. He told Reuters that his cows get along better without horns. “If cows have horns, the danger of injuries to the animals and humans is greater,” he said.
Gilgen added that he does not agree that a vote should be taken to change the constitution for such an issue. “Each farm should decide for itself. We have other problems in agriculture,” he said.
The latest public opinion studies have suggested Sunday’s vote will be very close.
I’m Bryan Lynn.
Bryan Lynn wrote this story for VOA Learning English, based on reports from Reuters and the Swiss Broadcasting Corporation. Caty Weaver was the editor.
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Words in This Story
referendum – n. an election in which people in an area vote on a specific issue
horn – n. one of the hard pointed parts that grows on the head of some animals (such as cattle, goats, or sheep)
lobby – v. efforts made to try to influence government policy
proud – adj. feeling pleased and happy about one’s self
castrate – v. to remove part of male reproductive organs
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AS IT IS
California Fire Victims’ Families Asked to Give DNA
November 23, 2018
Forensic anthropologists Kyra Stull and Tatiana Vlemincq work with San Mateo County Deputy Coroner Elizabeth Ortiz to recover human remains from a trailer home destroyed by the Camp Fire in Paradise, California, U.S., November 17, 2018.
Officials in Northern California say a deadly wildfire that began two weeks ago is almost completely contained.
The Associated Press reports that the wildfire, known as the “Camp Fire,” was 95 percent contained Thursday. It has been blamed for more than 80 deaths. Three other people died in a second major fire near the city of Los Angeles.
State officials are using DNA tests in an effort to identify those killed by the Northern California wildfire. DNA is a substance that carries genetic information in the cells of plants and animals. The testing tool produces results in just two hours.
The test, called Rapid DNA Identification, can examine DNA from small pieces of bone or other human remains. It then compares it to genetic material provided by relatives of the missing individuals.
But the technology depends on people willing to volunteer their DNA for testing. And there have not been nearly as many volunteers as officials had hoped for.
The Camp Fire destroyed the town of Paradise and caused heavy damage to nearby areas. As of Thursday night, at least 84 people were confirmed dead. And the official list of those missing had about 700 names.
The Associated Press noted Wednesday that only about 60 people had provided DNA samples to area laboratories. That number came from Annette Mattern, a representative of ANDE – the company that donated the technology.
Mattern said, “We need hundreds. We need a big enough sample for us to make a positive identification on these and to also give a better idea of how many losses there actually are.”
Differences in information, the inability of relatives to travel to Northern California and mistrust of the government may be keeping the sample number low.
One woman’s story
Tara Quinones says she had not heard from her uncle, David Marbury, for eight days before she drove from the San Francisco area to give a DNA sample. A worker took samples from her skin and inside her cheek and then asked questions about who she was looking for and their relationship.
The owner of her uncle’s home confirmed the house burned down. The uncle’s car was still on the property.
But Quinones had no idea if any remains were found. She said giving her DNA sample is the one way she could help find her uncle.
Like Quinones, some people have offered their DNA after learning about the identification effort. Others offered it after officials told them that remains from a probable family member had been found.
Mattern said it has been surprisingly easy to get DNA from the remains of those who died in the fire.
ANDE won a contract in 2009 to do research and development for federal government agencies. The company’s technology has been used in test programs for many years.
But this is the first time ANDE has helped identify victims after a natural disaster. The company has donated seven machines and over 10 workers to the effort.
Mattern said local law enforcement officials are seeking a way to make it easier for families who live outside northern California to provide samples.
Local law enforcement and the company have said that the DNA samples would be destroyed once they are no longer needed.
I’m Jonathan Evans.
Kathleen Ronayne reported this story for the Associated Press. Alice Bryant adapted the report for VOA Learning English. George Grow was the editor.
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Words in This Story
positive – adj. sure or likely; hopeful
contract – n. an agreement between two or more persons or sides
uncle – n. the brother of someone’s father or mother; the husband of the sister of a parent
cheek – n. skin inside the mouth
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