语言教学 | 普渡大学写作教学系列ESL 19-ESL Students 12

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征稿：二语写作

English As A Second Language 19 - ESL Students 12

6.Understanding Writing Assignments

（3）Reading Practices

Part of understanding what the assignment asks is to practice careful reading skills to ensure that you know what each part of the prompt says. Below are some suggestions for careful reading that should help you to understand assignment prompts from any course.

Read the Prompt More Than Once

Read through the assignment prompt at least twice. The first time, mark any words or phrases that you don’t understand, then attempt to use context clues or use other resources to figure out what they mean. Once you figure out those missing pieces, read the prompt again. This time, mark the key ideas with a different color of pen. This will allow you to make sure that you understand all of the parts of the assignment, and that you focus on the important aspects of the prompt.

Notice the Important or Key Phrases

Finding the key goal for an assignment is often the first and most difficult step when reading an assignment prompt. One way to begin is to find all of the verbs in the prompt, because the verbs will give you directions.

Some commonly used verbs used or tasks in assignment prompts are:

Genre of Assignment	Task	Definition
General These terms can be used for any genre.	Write Produce Compose Craft Create Respond	Write. Write. Write. Write, with attention to detail. Produce something original or new. With a text or idea in mind, write.
Critical These terms ask you to examine and analyze the topic, using your own words.	Analyze Compare Contrast Consider Reflect Evaluate Assess Examine	Examine topic methodically. Write about the similarities of two ideas. Write about the differences of two ideas. Deeply think about a topic. Think about the topic and your own experiences. Decide and discuss the value of the topic. Estimate the nature or quality of topic. Inspect in great detail.
Argument These words ask you to take a stance on a topic, and then explain why.	Justify Argue Persuade Prove Show Support	Take a stance and explain why you are right. Pick a side and offer evidence for it. Try to convince the audience your side is right. Provide evidence to convince the audience. Give details to illustrate your argument. Write with specific facts to prove your claim.
Expository These words ask you to explain a topic or idea further, with many details.	Discuss Describe Narrate Explore Review Illustrate Relate Summarize Interpret	Talk about topic and different opinions in detail. Provide lots of details about the topic. Tell the story of the topic. Consider different ideas about the topic. Write about the important parts of the topic. Explain or make clear by using examples. Discuss the topic alongside another experience. Provide the important parts of the topic. Explain the meaning of topic.

*Genres adapted from Genre, Style and Writing (Purdue OWL).

Each of these terms can mean something slightly different, depending on the context of the course and the assignment. Again, ask your instructor if you are not sure what the assignment asks you to do.

Questions to Ask Yourself

As you read (or re-read) the prompt, it is always good to write down questions, concerns, or thoughts that you have about the assignment so that you don’t forget them later.

There are also some questions that you should ask after you have finished reading the prompt, to check for comprehension.

• What am I being asked to do?

• Who is my audience?

• What sources or ideas do I need to include?

• How can I schedule my writing time (including research time, if applicable) around my own schedule?

• What concepts do I need to hone in on to understand?

For more information on this topic, click here.

After You Read the Prompt

Sometimes, after you read an assignment prompt, you have a lot of ideas in your head—and sometimes, not very many at all. So, it can be beneficial to engage in some pre-writing activities that can help you come up with some initial ideas about your essay.

You could…

• Write a list of everything you know about the topic

• Compose as many questions as you can about the topic and begin to try and answer them

• Search online for information about the topic

More suggestions can be found by clicking here.

（4）Conclusion

Things to Remember

Overall, remember the following steps when you start to read assignment prompts for your courses.

1. Identify the key aspects of the assignment, including the main goal and required parts of the essay.

2. Consider the rhetorical situation of the prompt—that is, consider the text, the author (that’s you!), the audience, the purposes, and the setting of your assignment, in order to gain more information about expectations. Using this knowledge can help you to figure out a specific genre to write in, which can contribute even more to your understanding of the prompt.

3. Ask questions of the prompt, and of your instructor.

Ultimately, if you find any part of the prompt confusing, talk to your instructor. He or she wrote the prompt, and will be able to explain their expectations for the assignment. Also, see the “Understanding Writing Assignments” page on this site, which features more in-depth examples of different types of essays you may be asked to write in your classes. To access this supplemental resource, click here.

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