如同天上的众星
话语 Words — דברים
申命记（Deu）：1:1 – 3:22
以赛亚书（Isa）： 1:1 – 27
马太福音（Mat）： 24:1 – 22
使徒行传（Act）：9:1 – 21
本周妥拉摘要 Portion Summary
Devarim (דברים)不仅是最后一本妥拉书卷的名字，同时也是此书卷中第一部分的名字。Devarim的意思是“话语”。英语国家称这卷书为Deuteronomy（申命记）。这卷书的希伯来语标题来自于书内开篇的第一句话：“以下所记的是摩西在约旦河东的旷野……向以色列众人所说的话（Devarim）”（申命记1：1）。
申命记一书在我们的历史中，最原始的名字叫密示拿·哈妥拉Mishnah HaTorah (משנה תורה)，意思是“妥拉的复述”。这与希腊文的七十士译本名“Deuteronomos”相似，意味着“第二律法”。英文名词“Deuteronomy”是从这个词演化而来的。（译者注：中文“申命记”一词意思是“重申命令”，即重申妥拉中神的指示）。
申命记中，最重要的篇幅是摩西临终前对以色列子民的嘱咐。他吩咐以色列人要忠诚守约，并预备进入迦南地。在这卷书中，摩西复述了神在西奈山赐下妥拉，以及以色列人进入迦南地的故事，重申了妥拉的诸条律法，并引进了一些新律法。这卷书的行文看起来非常符合近东地区的古代盟约协议文本。
Devarim (דברים) is both the title for the last book from the scroll of the Torah and the title of the first Torah portion therein. Devarim means "words." The English-speaking world calls this book Deuteronomy. The Hebrew title for the book comes from the opening phrase of the book: "These are the words (devarim) which Moses spoke to all Israel across the Jordan in the wilderness" (Deuteronomy 1:1).
One ancient name for the book of Deuteronomy is Mishnah HaTorah (משנה תורה), which means "repetition of the Torah." This is similar to the Greek Septuagint name Deuteronomos, which means "second law." The English name Deuteronomy is derived from Deuteronomos.
The book of Deuteronomy is dominated by Moses' farewell address to the children of Israel as he urges them to remain faithful to the covenant and prepares them for entering Canaan. During the course of the book, Moses reviews the story of the giving of the Torah at Sinai and the trip to the Promised Land, reiterates several laws of Torah and introduces new laws. The book seems to follow the general pattern of an ancient Near Eastern covenant treaty document.
本周妥拉纲要 Portion Outline
妥拉
申命记 1:1 ｜ 何烈山事件回忆
申命记 1:9 ｜ 立族长领袖
申命记 1:19 ｜ 以色列拒绝进入应许之地
申命记 1:34 ｜ 以色列悖逆的惩罚
申命记 1:46 ｜ 旷野之年
申命记 2:26 ｜ 西宏王溃败
申命记 3:1 ｜ 噩王溃败
先知书
以赛亚书 1:1 ｜ 介绍
以赛亚书 1:2 ｜ 犹大的邪恶
以赛亚书 1:21 ｜ 堕落的城市
TORAH
Deuteronomy 1:1 | Events at Horeb Recalled
Deuteronomy 1:9 | Appointment of Tribal Leaders
Deuteronomy 1:19 | Israel's Refusal to Enter the Land
Deuteronomy 1:34 | The Penalty for Israel's Rebellion
Deuteronomy 1:46 | The Desert Years
Deuteronomy 2:26 | Defeat of King Sihon
Deuteronomy 3:1 | Defeat of King Og
PROPHETS
Isaiah 1:1 | Introduction
Isaiah 1:2 | The Wickedness of Judah
Isaiah 1:21 | The Degenerate City
本周妥拉教导 Portion Teaching
像天上的星那样多
摩西认为以色列人已成了数不胜数的大群，像天上的星星那样多，这完全应验了神对亚伯拉罕的应许。
一天晚上，亚伯拉罕在帐篷里的时候，神在异象中对他显现说：“亚伯兰，你不要惧怕；我是你的盾牌，必大大地赏赐你。”（创世纪15：1）但亚伯拉罕却觉得任何赏赐都没有意义，因为没有承继产业的后代。于是，主领他去到外头，带他仰望夜空中数不胜数的星星。耶和华说，“你向天观看，数算众星，能数得过来吗？……你的后裔将要如此。”（创世纪15：5）亚伯兰信耶和华，耶和华就以此为他的义。
在申命记1章中，神在内盖夫许给亚伯拉罕的应许即将应验。以色列子民已经倍增成为了大群，正如摩西形容“你们今日像天上的星那样多”。（申命记1：10）
然而，即使以色列子民多如星星，难以计数，神却一对一地认识每个人。诗篇说，“他数点星宿的数目，一一称它的名”（诗篇147：4）。在神那里，我们每个人都是意义非凡的。祂按着名字认识我们每一个人。
当以色列子民在亚述和巴比伦经历流放、束缚和挣扎时，他们觉得神已经不再顾念他们了。人们说，“我的道路向耶和华隐藏，我的冤屈神并不查问”（以赛亚书40：27）。先知以赛亚却告诉以色列人仰望夜空并察看星星：
你们要向上举目，看谁创造这万象，按数目领出，他一一称其名；因他的权能，又因他的大能大力，连一个都不缺。（以赛亚书40：26）
如果神编排了宇宙的众星，引导它们，一个也不失落，祂照样也必看守、顾念祂多如繁星的子民，一个也不会失落。
Like the Stars of Heaven
Moses observed that the children of Israel were an innumerable host, like the stars of heaven. This was the fulfillment of a promise God had made to Abraham.
One night Abraham was in his tent when God appeared to him in a vision and said, "Do not fear, Abram, I am a shield to you; your reward shall be very great" (Genesis 15:1). Abraham objected that a reward was of little use to him since he had no heir to give it to. Then the LORD took Abraham outside the tent and showed him the myriad stars splayed across the nighttime sky. The LORD said, "Now look toward the heavens, and count the stars, if you are able to count them. ... So shall your descendants be" (Genesis 15:5). It was this promise that Abraham believed and God credited to him as righteousness.
In Deuteronomy 1 the promises God made to Abraham in the Negev were about to be fulfilled. The children of Israel had multiplied into a host that Moses likened to "the stars of heaven in number" (Deuteronomy 1:10).
Though the hosts of Israel might seem innumerable as the stars, God knows each person individually. The Psalms say, "He counts the number of the stars; He gives names to all of them" (Psalm 147:4). With God, no person is inconsequential. He knows each of us by name.
When the people of Israel struggled under the bondage of the Assyrian and Babylonian exile, they felt that God not longer saw them. The people said, "My way is hidden from the LORD, and the justice due me escapes the notice of my God" (Isaiah 40:27). The prophet Isaiah responded by telling the Israelites to look up into the nighttime sky and see the stars:
Lift up your eyes on high and see who has created these stars, the One who leads forth their host by number, He calls them all by name; because of the greatness of His might and the strength of His power, not one of them is missing. (Isaiah 40:26)
If God marshals the starry host, shepherding them so that not even one of them escapes His notice, He also watches over and cares for the people who are like the stars of heaven. Not one of them is missing before Him.
First Fruits of Zion