施割礼的弥赛亚
站在 Nitzavim — נצבים
申命记（Deu）： 29:10 – 30:20
以赛亚书（Isa）： 61:10 – 63:9
罗马书（Rom）： 10:1 – 12
路加福音（Luk）： 24:1– 43
本周妥拉摘要 Portion Summary
第51段妥拉阅读段落的名字叫Nitzavim (נצבים)，意思是“站在/站立”，来自申命记29:10中摩西的话，“今日你们……都站在耶和华你们的神面前”。在本阅读部分中，摩西邀请全以色列会众顺从神和他们所立的约，并警告他们，若他们犯罪，就会流放到外邦，同时也预言到，他们在未来将悔改，神也会把他们带回以色列地。在一些年间，Nitzavim通常和补充阅读部分Vayelech同时在安息日诵读。
The name of the fifty-first reading from the Torah is Nitzavim (נצבים), which means "standing." The name is derived from the first verse of the portion in which Moses says, "You stand (nitzavim) today, all of you, before the LORD your God" (Deuteronomy 29:10). In this portion, Moses invites the entire assembly of Israel to take on the covenant. He warns them that if they sin, they will go into exile, but he also predicts that, in the future, they will repent and God will return them to the land of Israel. In some years, Nitzavim is read together with the subsequent Torah portion, Vayelech, on the same Sabbath.
本周妥拉纲要 Portion Outline
妥拉
申命记 30:1 ｜ 应许与诫命
先知书
以赛亚书 62:1 ｜ 耶路撒冷被建立
以赛亚书 63:1 ｜ 神降临刑法仇敌
本周妥拉教导 Portion Teaching
施割礼的弥赛亚
摩西在描述最后的拯救时，告诉以色列人神会为他们的心施割礼。他说，“耶和华你神必将你心里和你后裔心里的污秽除掉，好叫你尽心、尽性爱耶和华你的神，使你可以存活”。（申命记30:6）
在此，“给心施割礼”的隐喻将使我们有能力完全地遵守爱神的诫命。它会将生命赐给我们——就是永远的生命。
经文中，一颗受割礼的心代表着有一颗悔改、常常顺服神旨意的心。举例来说，在申命记10:16中，摩西就给人们提出了这样一条诫命，“要给你们的心施割礼，不要再硬着项颈”。
先知耶利米告诉以色列要悔改恶行时说，“你们当自行割礼归耶和华，将心里的污秽除掉”（耶利米书4:4）。使徒保罗也曾拿一个受割礼、但不受诫命的信教者和一个未受割礼、但遵守诫命的外邦人做过比较。他说，后者所表现的割礼是“心里的，在乎灵”（罗马书2:29）。
犹太人的末世论教导当弥赛亚来临时，神会通过除掉我们心中邪恶的倾向，来为我们施行割礼。弥赛亚是为心施割礼的那一位。Nachmanides是如此解释的：
从创世以来，人类就有着自由意志，可以按着自己的想法选择行义或行恶……在弥赛亚的时代来临时，一个人的自然倾向会成为善良的，他的心不会在贪图那不正当的。他不再会对那些禁止的事有任何欲望。而这就是“割礼”的含义，因为贪婪的情欲（和对物质的渴望）就像心上的包皮。给心行割礼，就是让人的心不再贪婪（那些禁止的事），也不再欲望（那些禁止的事）。到那时，人类将回到亚当犯罪前的属灵状态，他的自然倾向将是择善而行的……
这就是耶利米书31:33“……我要将我的律法放在他们里面，写在他们心上”的含义。就是说废除掉人心中自然倾向邪恶的那部分……同样，以西结是这样描述的，“我也要赐给你们一颗新心，将新灵放在你们里面”（以西结书36:26-27）。“新心”指的是崭新的本质……（Nachmanides对申命记30:6的解读）
这段从以西结来的预言回应了申命记30:1-6，以西结的描述是，神将从列国中招聚以色列，洁净他们，给他们的心施割礼，并使他们能遵守妥拉。
我必从各国收取你们，从列邦聚集你们，引导你们归回本地。我必用清水洒在你们身上，你们就洁净了。我要洁净你们，使你们脱离一切污秽，弃掉一切的偶像。我也要赐给你们一个新心，将新灵放在你们里面。又从你们的肉体中除掉石心，赐给你们肉心。我必将我的灵放在你们里面，使你们顺从我的律例，谨守遵行我的典章。你们必住在我所赐给你们列祖之地。（以西结书36:24-28）
给心施过割礼后，果效就是对神的顺服。摩西说，当神最后给百姓的心行割礼时，他们将“再一次顺从神，并谨守祂的诫命”（申命记30:8）。换句话说，神将使得我们有能力遵守妥拉。他会将我们从罪中释放出来，使我们可以行义。人们能够遵守妥拉是弥赛亚时代的一条应许之一。
保罗解释道，我们这些与弥赛亚有份的人已经开始进入新约，领受心的割礼了。他将祂成为“弥赛亚的割礼”，“你们在他里面，也受了不是人手所行的割礼，乃是基督使你们脱去肉体情欲的割礼。”（歌罗西书2：11）
God's First Fruits
As Moses described the final redemption to come, he told Israel that God will circumcise their hearts. He said, “God will circumcise your heart and the heart of your descendants, to love the LORD your God with all your heart and with all your soul, so that you may live” (Deuteronomy 30:6).
The metaphoric circumcision of the heart will enable us to completely fulfill the commandment of loving God. It will grant us life—even eternal life.
In the Scriptures, a circumcised heart refers to having a repentant heart, suppliant to the will of God. For example, in Deuteronomy 10:16, Moses commanded the people, “Circumcise your heart, and stiffen your neck no longer.”
The Prophet Jeremiah tells Israel to repent from evil deeds, saying, “Circumcise yourselves to the LORD and remove the foreskins of your heart” (Jeremiah 4:4). The Apostle Paul contrasts a circumcised proselyte who does not keep the commandments against an uncircumcised Gentile who does keep the commandments. He says that the latter demonstrates a circumcision “which is of the heart, by the Spirit” (Romans 2:29).
Jewish eschatology teaches that when Messiah comes, God will circumcise our hearts by removing the evil inclination. Messiah is the circumciser of hearts. Nachmanides explains as follows:
From creation, man has had the free choice to do righteousness or evil according to his will … In the Messianic Era, man’s natural inclination will be to choose the good, and the heart will not lust for that which is not appropriate. He will not have any desire for the forbidden whatsoever. And this is what is meant by the “circumcision” spoken of here, for lust (and material desires) are like foreskin for the heart. The circumcision of the heart is that the heart shall not lust [after the forbidden] and shall not desire [the forbidden]. At that time, human beings will return to the spiritual state they possessed before the sin of Adam, when he would by nature do that which is proper to do …
This is what the scripture means in Jeremiah 31:33, “… I will put My Torah within them and on their heart I will write it.” This refers to the abolition of the evil inclination and the hearts doing by nature that which is proper to do … similarly, Ezekiel states, “I will give you a new heart and put a new Spirit within you” (Ezekiel 36:26-27). The “new heart” refers to its new nature … (Nachmanides on Deuteronomy 30:6)
The prophecy from Ezekiel echoes the prophecies in Deuteronomy 30:1-6. Ezekiel describes how God will gather Israel together from the nations, purify them, circumcise their hearts, and enable them to keep the Torah:
For I will take you from the nations, gather you from all the lands and bring you into your own land ...I will give you a new heart and put a new spirit within you; and I will remove the heart of stone from your flesh and give you a heart of flesh. I will put My Spirit within you and cause you to walk in My statutes, and you will be careful to observe My ordinances. You will live in the land that I gave to your forefathers. (Ezekiel 36:24-28)
The result of this circumcision of heart is obedience to God. Moses says that when God finally circumcises the heart of His people, they will “again obey the LORD, and observe all His commandments” (Deuteronomy 30:8). In other words, God is going to enable us to keep His Torah. He is going to set us free from sin and cause us to walk in righteousness. Keeping Torah is one of the promises of the Messianic Age.
Paul explains that we who have become partakers of Messiah have already begun to enter the new covenant and the circumcision of the heart. He calls it the “circumcision of Messiah” when he says, “In Him you were also circumcised with a circumcision made without hands, in the removal of the body of the flesh by the circumcision of Messiah” (Colossians 2:11).
First Fruits of Zion