TED演讲：保持听力健康的8大法则

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作为一个“耳机杀手”，基本上没有一副耳机可以在我手上存活超过一年。对日常工作学习来说，耳机已经成了一件生活必需品。朱利安·珍宝说，我们日益嘈杂的世界正在蚕食我们的精神健康，甚至夺去很多人的生命。因此，她制定了一个8步计划来缓和这种声波攻击，并恢复我们与声音之间随和的关系。

演讲者：Julian Treasure

演讲题目：Shh! Sound health in 8 steps

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The Hindus say, "Nada brahma," one translation of which is, "The world is sound." And in a way, that's true, because everything is vibrating. In fact, all of you as you sit here right now are vibrating. Every part of your body is vibrating at different frequencies. So you are, in fact, a chord -- each of you an individual chord. One definition of health may be that that chord is in complete harmony. 

印度教说，“那达梵天”，其中一个翻译是，“世界是充满声音的。”从某种程度上说，这是真的，因为一切都在振动。事实上，你们现在坐在这里的所有人都在振动。你身体的每一部分都在以不同的频率振动。所以，事实上，你们是一个和弦——你们每个人都是一个单独的和弦。健康的一个定义可能是和弦是完全和谐的。 

Your ears can't hear that chord; they can actually hear amazing things. Your ears can hear 10 octaves. Incidentally, we see just one octave. Your ears are always on -- you have no ear lids. They work even when you sleep. The smallest sound you can perceive moves your eardrum just four atomic diameters. The loudest sound you can hear is a trillion times more powerful than that.

你的耳朵听不到那和弦；他们实际上能听到令人惊奇的东西。你的耳朵能听到10个八度音阶。顺便说一下，我们只看到一个八度。你的耳朵总是开着的——你没有耳朵盖。它们甚至在你睡觉的时候也能工作。你能感觉到的最小的声音只会移动你的耳膜四个原子直径。你能听到的最响亮的声音是那声音的一万亿倍。 

Ears are made not for hearing, but for listening. Listening is an active skill, whereas hearing is passive, listening is something that we have to work at -- it's a relationship with sound. And yet it's a skill that none of us are taught. For example, have you ever considered that there are listening positions, places you can listen from? Here are two of them. 

耳朵不是单纯为了听力而存在的，它是用来倾听的。倾听是一种主动的技能，但听力却是是被动的，倾听是我们必须努力的——它与声音的关系。然而，这是一项我们都没有学到的技能。例如，你有没有考虑过有倾听的位置，你可以从哪里聆听？这里有两个例子。 

Reductive listening is listening "for." It reduces everything down to what's relevant and it discards everything that's not relevant. Men typically listen reductively. So he's saying, "I've got this problem." He's saying, "Here's your solution. Thanks very much. Next." That's the way we talk, right guys?

还原性倾听就是“为了”倾听。它把一切都还原成与之相关的东西，而抛弃一切与之无关的东西。男人通常都会减少倾听。比如一个人说：“这是我的问题”另一个人说：“这是你的解决方案。”“非常感谢。”“下一个。”我们就是这样说话的，对吧？ 

Expansive listening, on the other hand, is listening "with," not listening "for." It's got no destination in mind -- it's just enjoying the journey. Women typically listen expansively. If you look at these two, eye contact, facing each other, possibly both talking at the same time. (Laughter) Men, if you get nothing else out of this talk, practice expansive listening, and you can transform your relationships.

另一方面，广泛的倾听是“用”而不是“听”的，它没有目的地，只是在享受旅途。女人们通常都会大张旗鼓地倾听。如果你看着这两个人，眼神交流，面对面，可能两个人同时说话。（笑声）男人们，如果你从这次谈话中没有得到任何其他的东西，那就多练习倾听，你就能改变你的人际关系。 

The trouble with listening is that so much of what we hear is noise, surrounding us all the time. Noise like this, according to the European Union, is reducing the health and the quality of life of 25 percent of the population of Europe. Two percent of the population of Europe -- that's 16 million people -- are having their sleep devastated by noise like that. Noise kills 200,000 people a year in Europe. It's a really big problem.

听力的问题是我们听到的大多是噪音，一直围绕着我们。根据欧盟的说法，这样的噪音正在降低25%欧洲人的健康和生活质量。2%的欧洲人，也就是一千六百万人，他们的睡眠被这样的噪音破坏了。在欧洲，噪音每年造成20万人死亡。这真是个大问题。 

Now, when you were little, if you had noise and you didn't want to hear it, you'd stick your fingers in your ears and hum. These days, you can do a similar thing, it just looks a bit cooler. It looks a bit like this. The trouble with widespread headphone use is it brings three really big health issues. 

现在，当你小的时候，如果你碰到噪音，你不想听，你会把手指插在耳朵里哼哼。这些天，你可以做类似的事情，只是看起来有点凉。有点像这样。耳机广泛使用的问题在于它带来了三大健康问题。 

The first really big health issue is a word that Murray Schafer coined: "schizophonia." It's a dislocation between what you see and what you hear. So, we're inviting into our lives the voices of people who are not present with us. I think there's something deeply unhealthy about living all the time in schizophonia.

第一个真正重要的健康问题是莫里·谢弗（Murray Schafer）创造的一个词：“分裂症”。也就是说，你看到的和听到的是一种错位。所以，我们这是在邀请那些不在我们身边的事物融入我们的生活。我认为一直生活在分裂症中是很不健康的。 

The second problem that comes with headphone abuse is compression. We squash music to fit it into our pocket and there is a cost attached to this. Listen to this -- this is an uncompressed piece of music. (Music) And now the same piece of music with 98 percent of the data removed. 

(Music) 耳机滥用带来的第二个问题是压缩。我们把音乐压扁放进口袋里，这是要付出代价的。听这个--这是一首未压缩的音乐。（音乐）现在是同一首音乐，删除了98%的数据。（音乐） 

I do hope that some of you at least can hear the difference between those two. There is a cost of compression. It makes you tired and irritable to have to make up all of that data. You're having to imagine it. It's not good for you in the long run.

我希望你们中的一些人至少能听到这两者之间的区别。压缩是有代价的。必须把所有的数据都编造出来会让你感到疲倦和烦躁。你得想象一下。从长远来看对你不好。 

The third problem with headphones is this: deafness -- noise-induced hearing disorder. Ten million Americans already have this for one reason or another, but really worryingly, 16 percent -- roughly one in six -- of American teenagers suffer from noise-induced hearing disorder as a result of headphone abuse. 

耳机的第三个问题是：耳聋——噪音导致的听力障碍。一千万美国人已经有这样或那样的原因，但真正令人担忧的是，16%——约六分之一——的美国青少年由于滥用耳机而患上了噪音导致的听力障碍。 

One study at an American university found that 61 percent of college freshmen had damaged hearing as a result of headphone abuse. We may be raising an entire generation of deaf people. Now that's a really serious problem.

美国一所大学的一项研究发现，61%的大学新生因滥用耳机而听力受损。我们可能要抚养整整一代聋人。现在这是一个非常严重的问题。 

I'll give you three quick tips to protect your ears and pass these on to your children, please. Professional hearing protectors are great; I use some all the time. If you're going to use headphones, buy the best ones you can afford because quality means you don't have to have it so loud.

我会给你三个简单的建议来保护你的耳朵并把它们传给你的孩子。专业的听力保护器很好，我经常使用。如果你要用耳机，买你能负担得起的最好的，因为质量意味着你不必这么大声。 

If you can't hear somebody talking to you in a loud voice, it's too loud. And thirdly, if you're in bad sound, it's fine to put your fingers in your ears or just move away from it. Protect your ears in that way.

如果你听不到有人大声对你说话，那就太大声了。第三，如果你听到的声音不好，可以把手指放在耳朵里，或者远离它。这样保护你的耳朵。 

Let's move away from bad sound and look at some friends that I urge you to seek out. WWB: Wind, water, birds -- stochastic natural sounds composed of lots of individual random events, all of it very healthy, all of it sound that we evolved to over the years. Seek those sounds out; they're good for you and so it this. Silence is beautiful. 

让我们远离坏声音，看看我劝你去找的一些“好朋友”。WWB:风，水，鸟，随机的自然声音由许多个体的随机事件组成，所有这些都非常健康，所有这些都是我们多年来进化而来的声音。把那些声音找出来，它们对你有好处。虽然沉默是金。 

The Elizabethans described language as decorated silence. I urge you to move away from silence with intention and to design soundscapes just like works of art. Have a foreground, a background, all in beautiful proportion. It's fun to get into designing with sound. If you can't do it yourself, get a professional to do it for you. Sound design is the future, and I think it's the way we're going to change the way the world sounds.

伊丽莎白时代的人把语言描述为装饰性的沉默。但我仍强烈要求你们从沉默中走出来，像设计艺术作品一样设计声音景观。一个前景，一个背景，把它们调成美丽的比例。用声音进行设计很有趣。如果你自己做不到，找个专业人士帮你做。声音设计是未来趋势，我认为这是我们改变世界声音的方式。 

I'm going to just run quickly through eight modalities, eight ways sound can improve health. First, ultrasound: we're very familiar with it from physical therapy; it's also now being used to treat cancer. Lithotripsy -- saving thousands of people a year from the scalpel by pulverizing stones with high-intensity sound. Sound healing is a wonderful modality. It's been around for thousands of years. 

我将快速介绍八种方式，八种声音改善健康的方法。首先，超声波：我们对物理治疗非常熟悉；它现在也被用来治疗癌症。碎石术——通过用高强度的声音粉碎石头，每年从手术刀上拯救成千上万的人。声音治疗是一种很好的方式。它已经存在了几千年了。 

I do urge you to explore this. There are great things being done there, treating now autism, dementia and other conditions. And music, of course. Just listening to music is good for you, if it's music that's made with good intention, made with love, generally. Devotional music, good -- Mozart, good. There are all sorts of types of music that are very healthy.

我强烈要求你去探索这个问题。那里正在做很多伟大的事情，现在正在治疗孤独症、痴呆症和其他疾病。当然还有音乐。听音乐对你有好处，如果立意是好的音乐，通常都是出于爱的音乐。虔诚的音乐不错，莫扎特的音乐也不错。还有各种各样的音乐都是非常健康的。 

And four modalities where you need to take some action and get involved. First of all, listen consciously. I hope that that after this talk you'll be doing that. It's a whole new dimension to your life and it's wonderful to have that dimension. Secondly, get in touch with making some sound -- create sound. 

你需要采取行动并参与其中的四种方式。首先，有意识地倾听。我希望在这次谈话之后你会这么做。对你的生活来说这是一个全新的维度，拥有这个维度真是太好了。第二，接触一些声音——创造声音。 

The voice is the instrument we all play, and yet how many of us are trained in using our voice? Get trained; learn to sing, learn to play an instrument. Musicians have bigger brains -- it's true. You can do this in groups as well. It's a fantastic antidote to schizophonia; to make music and sound in a group of people, whichever style you enjoy particularly. 

声音是我们共同演奏的乐器，然而我们中有多少人在使用声音方面受过训练？接受训练；学会唱歌，学会演奏乐器。音乐家脑洞更大——这是真的。你也可以尝试选择一样来做做看。它是治疗分裂症的一剂神奇的解药；在一群人中创作音乐和声音，无论你特别喜欢哪种风格都可以。 

And let's take a stewarding role for the sound around us. Protect your ears? Yes, absolutely. Design soundscapes to be beautiful around you at home and at work. And let's start to speak up when people are assailing us with the noise that I played you early on.

让我们为我们周围的声音扮演一个管家的角色。保护你的耳朵？是的，当然。在家里和工作中为你周围的环境设计美丽的声音。当人们用我早些时候播放给你的声音攻击我们时，我们可以大声拒绝。 

So I'm going to leave you with seven things you can do right now to improve your health with sound. My vision is of a world that sounds beautiful and if we all start doing these things, we will take a very big step in that direction. So I urge you to take that path.

所以我要留给你七件事，你现在就可以开始做，以改善你的健康与声音。我的愿景是一个听起来很美的世界，如果我们都开始做这些事情，我们将朝着这个方向迈出一大步。所以我劝你走这条路。 

I'm leaving you with a little more birdsong, which is very good for you. I wish you sound health.

我再给你留点鸟鸣，对你很有好处。祝你健康。

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