TED演讲：每个人都应有生活得更好的机会

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由于智能手机和互联网的发展，人们愿望的增强前所未有，他们会遇到机遇还是挫折？我们怎么做才能实现这些愿望？ 是否有新的思维方式指引我们如何提高以实现愿望？

世界银行集团前行长吉姆·金（Jim Yong Kim）分享了该机构如何通过增加投资和降低发展风险来改善贫困国家人民的健康和金融未来。

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I just want to share with you what I have been experiencing over the last five years in having the great privilege of traveling to many of the poorest countries in the world. 

想与你们分享在过去的五年中有幸去到许多贫困国家的经历。

This scene is one I see all the time everywhere, and these young children are looking at a smartphone, and the smartphone is having a huge impact in even the poorest countries. I said to my team, you know, what I see is a rise in aspirations all over the world. In fact, it seems to me that there's a convergence of aspirations. And I asked a team of economists to actually look into this. Is this true? Are aspirations converging all around the world? 

在各地都可以见到这一幕，这些年幼的孩子正盯着一部智能手机，即使是在最贫困的国家中，智能手机也有极大的影响力。我对我的团队说，你们知道吗 我看到的是世界各地愈发强烈的愿望。实际上，在我看来，人们的愿望正在趋于统一我与一众经济学家仔细研究了这一现象。这是事实吗？世界各地的愿望正在统一？ 

So they looked at things like Gallup polls about satisfaction in life and what they learned was that if you have access to the internet, your satisfaction goes up. But another thing happens that's very important: your reference income, the income to which you compare your own, also goes up. Now, if the reference income of a nation, for example, goes up 10 percent by comparing themselves to the outside, then on average, people's own incomes have to go up at least five percent to maintain the same level of satisfaction. 

因此，他们安排了类似盖洛普民意测验的测试来调查人们的生活满意度。研究发现，如果可以访问互联网人们的满意度就会有所提高。与此同时，另一件重要的事情是：你的参考收入 与你自身收入相对比的收入 也在提高如果一个国家的参考收入相比于外界提高了10% 那么人均收入至少要提高5%才能维持同样的满意度。 

But when you get down into the lower percentiles of income, your income has to go up much more if the reference income goes up 10 percent, something like 20 percent. And so with this rise of aspirations, the fundamental question is: Are we going to have a situation where aspirations are linked to opportunity and you get dynamism and economic growth, like that which happened in the country I was born in, in Korea? Or are aspirations going to meet frustration? 

不过，当你的收入较低时，你的收入需要提高更多。当参考收入提高10%时，你的收入可能需要提高20%。随着人们愿望加强，根本问题在于我们是否能提供一个大环境。愿望与机遇并存，是否能充满活力，维持经济增长？就像我的祖国那样，像在韩国？或者说，愿望是否会受挫？ 

This is a real concern, because between 2012 and 2015, terrorism incidents increased by 74 percent. The number of deaths from terrorism went up 150 percent. Right now, two billion people live in conditions of fragility, conflict, violence, and by 2030, more than 60 percent of the world's poor will live in these situations of fragility, conflict and violence. 

这是我所关心的。在2012至2015年期间，恐怖袭击事件增加了74% 受害人数上升了150% 现在有二十亿人口生活在支离破碎，充满暴力的环境中。直至2030年，全球将有超过60%的贫困人民生活于这样的水深火热之中。

And so what do we do about meeting these aspirations? Are there new ways of thinking about how we can rise to meet these aspirations? Because if we don't, I'm extremely worried. Aspirations are rising as never before because of access to the internet. Everyone knows how everyone else lives. Has our ability to meet those aspirations risen as well? 

我们怎么做才能实现这些愿望？ 是否有新的思维方式，指引我们如何提高以实现愿望？ 如果不这样做，我十分担心，因为互联网的普及，愿望的增强前所未有。每个人都知道其他人是怎样生活，我们的能力是否足以满足这些愿望，即使它们愈发强烈？ 

And just to get at the details of this, I want to share with you my own personal story. This is not my mother, but during the Korean War, my mother literally took her own sister, her younger sister, on her back, and walked at least part of the way to escape Seoul during the Korean War.  

为了了解更多的细节,我想和你们分享我自己的故事.这不是我的母亲,但在朝鲜战争期间,我的母亲也是这样带着她的妹妹,背着她,至少走了一长段路,逃离首尔。

Now, through a series of miracles, my mother and father both got scholarships to go to New York City. They actually met in New York City and got married in New York City. My father, too, was a refugee. At the age of 19, he left his family in the northern part of the country, escaped through the border and never saw his family again. Now, when they were married and living in New York, my father was a waiter at Patricia Murphy's restaurant. Their aspirations went up. They understood what it was like to live in a place like New York City in the 1950s.

经过一系列奇迹，我的父母都获得了去纽约的奖学金。他们在纽约相遇，结婚。我的父亲也是一名难民 19岁那年，他离开了朝鲜的家，逃离了边境，再也没有见过他的家人。他们在纽约结婚并定居，我的父亲曾是帕特丽夏·墨菲酒店的服务员。他们有着伟大的梦想，他们知道在纽约这样的城市的生活是怎样的，即使是在20世纪50年代。 

Well, my brother was born and they came back to Korea, and we had what I remember as kind of an idyllic life, but what was happening in Korea at that time was the country was one of the poorest in the world and there was political upheaval.There were demostrations just down the street from oue house all the time, students protesting against the military government. 

我的哥哥出生后，他们回到了韩国。我们开始了记忆中的田园生活，但那时的韩国是怎样的。它是世上最贫困的国家之一，并且政治动荡，我家门前的街道常年有示威游行，学生们和军阀政府水火不容。

And at the time, the aspirations of the World Bank Group, the organization I lead now, were extremely low for Korea. Their idea was that Korea would find it difficult without foreign aid to provide its people with more than the bare necessities of life. So the situation is Korea is in a tough position, my parents have seen what life is like in the United States. They got married there. My brother was born there. And they felt that in order to give us an opportunity to reach their aspirations for us, we had to go and come back to the United States.

那时，世界银行集团，我现在所领导的这一机构，对韩国抱有极低的期望。他们认为，没有外国援助，韩国将很难维持它的子民的基本生活。韩国正处于水深火热中，而我的父母已经见过了美国的生活是怎样的。他们在那里结婚，我的哥哥在那里出生，他们意识到，为了给我们提供实现梦想的机会，我们必须离开，回到美国。

Now, we came back. First we went to Dallas. My father did his dental degree all over again. And then we ended up moving to Iowa, of all places. We grew up in Iowa. And in Iowa, we went through the whole course. I went to high school, I went to college. 

现在，我们回来了。最初，我们去到了达拉斯。在那里，我的父亲重新考取了牙医学士学位，之后我们搬去了爱荷华州。我在那儿长大，我在爱荷华州完成了所有课程的学习，高中，大学。

And then one day, something that I'll never forget, my father picked me up after my sophomore year in college, and he was driving me home, and he said, "Jim, what are your aspirations? What do you want to study? What do you want to do?" And I said, "Dad," -- My mother actually was a philosopher, and had filled us with ideas about protest and social justice, and I said, "Dad, I'm going to study political science and philosophy, and I'm going to become part of a political movement." My father, the Korean dentist, slowly pulled the car over to the side of the road.

有一天，我想我永不会忘记，我的父亲接到我，那时大二刚结束，他载我回家，他问我：“Jim，你的梦想是什么？你想学什么？又想做些什么？” 我回答到：“爸爸......” 我的母亲是一名哲学家，她向我们传递了很多抗议和社会公正的观点。我说：“父亲，我想学政治科学与哲学，我想参与政治活动”。我的父亲，一位韩国牙医，慢慢地把车停在了路边。

He looked back at me, and he said, "Jim, you finish your medical residency, you can study anything you want." 

他转过头来看着我说： “Jim，你修完住院医师的课程后，你可以学任何你想学的” 

Now, I've told this story to a mostly Asian audience before. Nobody laughs. They just shake their head. Of course. So, tragically, my father died at a young age, 30 years ago at the age of 57, what happens to be how old I am right now, and when he died in the middle of my medical and graduate studies -- You see, I actually got around it by doing medicine and anthropology. I studied both of them in graduate school. 

我向很多亚洲观众讲过这个故事。没有人笑，他们只是摇摇头，当然了。不幸的是，我父亲很年轻时就去世了 30年前，他年仅57岁，到了我现在这个年龄会发生什么，他在我学医的研究生期间去世了。你们看，我确乎通过学习医学和人类学实现了它，我在研究生期间学习了它们。

But then right about that time, I met these two people, Ophelia Dahl and Paul Farmer. And Paul and I were in the same program. We were studying medicine and at the same time getting our PhD's in anthropology. And we began to ask some pretty fundamental questions. For people who have the great privilege of studying medicine and anthropology -- I had come from parents who were refugees. Paul grew up literally in a bus in a swamp in Florida. He liked to call himself "white trash." 

在那个时候，我遇到了这两个人，Ophelia Dahl和Paul Farmer Paul和我在同一个团队里。我们一起学了医学，并同时获得了人类学的博士学位。我们开始探讨一些根本问题，对那些有幸学习医学和人类学的人而言，我的父母都是难民。Paul在佛罗里达州的一片沼泽地里的一辆公共汽车上长大，他喜欢称自己为“白色垃圾” 。

And so we had this opportunity and we said, what is it that we need to do? Given our ridiculously elaborate educations, what is the nature of our responsibility to the world? And we decided that we needed to start an organization. It's called Partners in Health. And by the way, there's a movie made about that. 

我们有了这次机会，我们想，我们需要做些什么。我们接受了荒谬的精英教育，那我们对社会所需承担的责任的本质是什么？我们决定组建一个组织，它被称为健康伙伴。顺便说说，有一部电影以它为原型展开。

There's a movie that was just a brilliant movie they made about it called "Bending the Arc." It launched at Sundance this past January. Jeff Skoll is here. Jeff is one of the ones who made it happen. And we began to think about what it would take for us to actually have our aspirations reach the level of some of the poorest communities in the world. 

他们拍摄了一部很精彩的电影，叫做《Bending the Arc》。一月在圣丹斯国际电影节上映，Jeff Skoll就在这里。Jeff是促成其发生的人员之一。之后，我们开始思考，我们究竟想做什么？对于世界上那些最贫穷的社区而言。

This is my very first visit to Haiti in 1988, and in 1988, we elaborated a sort of mission statement, which is we are going to make a preferential option for the poor in health. Now, it took us a long time, and we were graduate students in anthropology. We were reading up one side of Marx and down the other. Habermas. Fernand Braudel. We were reading everything and we had to come to a conclusion of how are we going to structure our work? So "O for the P," we called it, a preferential option for the poor. 

这是1988年我第一次访问海地 1988年，我们制定了一个使命宣言。表明我们将会进行穷人优先的抉择，在医疗健康上。现在，经过了很长时间，我们攻读完人类学的研究生，我们了解了马克思的一面，也进行了延伸阅读。哈贝马斯，费尔南·布罗代尔，我们读尽每一本书。我们必须得出结论，我们将如何安排我们的工作？“O for the P”，我们这样称呼它，穷人优先。

The most important thing about a preferential option for the poor is what it's not. It's not a preferential option for your own sense of heroism. It's not a preferential option for your own idea about how to lift the poor out of poverty. It's not a preferential option for your own organization. And the hardest of all, it's not a preferential option for your poor. It's a preferential option for the poor. 

穷人优先最重要的一点在于,它不是,不是以你的个人英雄主义优先，不是以你自己如何帮助穷人脱贫的想法优先，不是以您自己的组织优先。最重要的是，不是以你们的贫穷优先，它是以穷人们优先。 

So what do you do? Well, Haiti, we started building -- Everyone told us, the cost-effective thing is just focus on vaccination and maybe a feeding program. But what the Haitians wanted was a hospital. They wanted schools. They wanted to provide their children with the opportunities that they'd been hearing about from others, relatives, for example, who had gone to the United States. They wanted the same kinds of opportunities as my parents did. I recognized them. And so that's what we did. We built hospitals. We provided education. And we did everything we could to try to give them opportunities. 

那么，你会做些什么？ 我们开始建设海地，每个人都告诉我们，为了节约成本，我们可以专注于疫苗接种或是供膳计划。但海地想要的是一所医院，是学校，是为孩子提供他们所听到的学习机会。从其它人，亲戚，那些去过美国的人那儿听到的机会，他们想要和我父母一样的机会。我了解他们，所以我们做了这些，我们修建了学校，提供教育，我们竭尽全力为他们提供机会。

Now, my experience really became intense at Partners in Health in this community, Carabayllo, in the northern slums of Lima, Peru. And in this community, we started out by really just going to people's homes and talking to people, and we discovered an outbreak, an epidemic of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. This is Melquiades. Melquiades was a patient at that time, he was about 18 years old, and he had a very difficult form of drug-resistant tuberculosis. All of the gurus in the world, the global health gurus, said it is not cost-effective to treat drug-resistant tuberculosis.

我的感受越来越强烈。这一社区的健康伙伴，在卡拉瓦伊略区，在秘鲁利马北部的贫民，在这个社区，我们开始走访。我们发现了一场疫情，多耐药结核病的流行。这位是Melquiades Melquiades当时是一位病人，大约18岁，他患有难以治疗的耐药性结核病。全球所有健康专家都说，治疗耐药性结核病并不划算。

It's too complicated. It's too expensive. You just can't do it. It can't be done. And in addition, they were getting angry at us, because the implication was if it could be done, we would have done it. Who do you think you are? And the people that we fought with were the World Health Organization and probably the organization we fought with most was the World Bank Group. 

它太复杂了，也太昂贵。 你不能做到，这不可能完成。除此之外，他们对我们大为光火，因为这意味着，如果可以做到，早就该完成了。你以为你是谁？我们与世界卫生组织为敌，也许更多的是与世界银行集团相对抗。

Now, we did everything we could to convince Melquiades to take his medicines, because it's really hard, and not once during the time of treatment did Melquiades's family ever say,"Hey, you know, Melquiades is just not cost-effective. Why don't you go on and treat somebody else?" 

现在，我们竭尽全力,说服Melquiades服药，这真的很难。在治疗期间，他的家人不止一次说过，“你知道吗，治疗Melquiades并不划算， 你们为什么不去治疗其他人” 。

I hadn't seen Melquiades for about 10 years and when we had our annual meetings in Lima, Peru a couple of years ago, the filmmakers found him and here is us getting together. He has become a bit of a media star because he goes to the film openings, and he knows how to work an audience now. 

我已经有10年没有见过Melquiades了。当我们在秘鲁利马举行年度会议时，几年前，电影制片人找到了他，这是我们聚在一起。他已经成为了一个媒体明星，他去了电影首映礼，他现在已经知道如何驾驭观众了。

But as soon as we won -- We did win. We won the argument. You should treat multidrug-resistant tuberculosis -- we heard the same arguments in the early 2000s about HIV. All of the leading global health people in the world said it is impossible to treat HIV in poor countries. Too expensive, too complicated, you can't do it. Compared to drug-resistant TB treatment, it's actually easier. And we were seeing patients like this. Joseph Jeune. Joseph Jeune also never mentioned that he was not cost-effective. A few months of medicines, and this is what he looked like. 

但我们取得胜利后，我们确实获胜了，我们赢得了争论。你应当治疗多耐药结核病。在二十一世纪初，我们听到了同样的争论，关于艾滋，全球所有的健康领头人都说，在贫困国家不可能进行艾滋病毒的治疗，太昂贵了，太复杂了，你不可能做到。与耐药性结核病的治疗相比，实际上它更简单。我们经常看到这样的病人，Joseph Jeune。Joseph Jeune也从不提起治疗他是不划算的，经过几个月的药物治疗，他现在是这样的。

We call that the Lazarus Effect of HIV treatment. Joseline came to us looking like this. This is what she looked like a few months later. 

我们称之为艾滋治疗的拉撒路效应 Joseline来找我们时是这样的 这是几个月后她的模样 

Now, our argument, our battle, we thought, was with the organizations that kept saying it's not cost-effective. We were saying, no, preferential option for the poor requires us to raise our aspirations to meet those of the poor for themselves. And they said, well, that's a nice thought but it's just not cost-effective. So in the nerdy way that we have operated Partners in Health, we wrote a book against, basically, the World Bank. 

现在，我们的争论，我们的斗争，我想，主要在于那些认为这不划算的机构。我们在说，不，穷人优先要求我们提高自己的愿望，以满足穷人的愿望。他们会说，这是个不错的想法，但不划算。像个书呆子一样，我们坚持开创了健康伙伴，我们写了一本书，来与世界银行相抗衡。

It says that because the World Bank has focused so much on just economic growth and said that governments have to shrink their budgets and reduce expenditures in health, education and social welfare -- we thought that was fundamentally wrong. And we argued with the World Bank. And then a crazy thing happened. President Obama nominated me to be President of the World Bank. 

里面提到，由于世界银行，过于关注经济发展，认为政府应该减少在健康，教育及社会福利方面的预算及开支。我们认为这完全是错的。我们与世界银行争辩。之后，一件疯狂的事情发生了，总统奥巴马提名我担任世界银行行长。

Now, when I went to do the vetting process with President Obama's team, they had a copy of "Dying For Growth," and they had read every page. And I said, "OK, that's it, right? You guys are going to drop me?" He goes, "Oh, no, no, it's OK." And I was nominated, and I walked through the door of the World Bank Group in July of 2012, and that statement  on the wall, "Our dream is a world free of poverty." 

当我接受总统团队的审查时，他们拿着一本《为增长而死》，他们读完了那本书。我问道：“就是这样，不是吗？你们会放弃我” 他们却说：“不，没关系” 。然后我被提名了 2012年7月，我步入了世界银行集团的大门。墙上有这么一句话：“建立一个没有贫困的世界” 。 

A few months after that, we actually turned it into a goal: end extreme poverty by 2030, boost shared prosperity. That's what we do now at the World Bank Group. I feel like I have brought the preferential option for the poor to the World Bank Group. But this is TED, and so I want to share with you some concerns, and then make a proposal. 

几个月后，我们以此制定了一个目标。2030年前终结极度贫困，促进共享繁荣。这是世界银行集团现在所做的，我想我已经做到了穷人优先，在世界银行集团中。 但是，这里是TED，我想和你们分享一些我的担忧，并提出一些建议。 

The Fourth Industrial Revolution, now, you guys know so much better than I do, but here's the thing that concerns me. What we hear about is job loss. You've all heard that. Our own data suggest to us that two thirds of all jobs, currently existing jobs in developing countries, will be lost because of automation. Now, you've got to make up for those jobs. Now, one of the ways to make up for those jobs is to turn community health workers into a formal labor force. That's what we want to do. 

我们正在经历第四次工业革命。你们比我更清楚，不过这正是我的担忧所在。失业充斥在我们耳畔，你们都听过吧 ，数据显示，由于自动化，发展中国家现有的三分之二的工作将不复存在。现在，我们需要的是弥补这些工作的空缺，弥补的方式之一，是将社区健康工作者划为正式工，这是我们想做的。 

We think the numbers will work out, that as health outcomes get better and as people have formal work, we're going to be able to train them with the soft-skills training that you add to it to become workers that will have a huge impact, and that may be the one area that grows the most. 

我们想这一问题终会得以解决，随着健康成果改善，人们得到正式工作。我们可以通过培训，提高他们的软技能，他们将会成为影响力巨大的工人。这一领域也将快速发展。

But here's the other thing that bothers me: right now it seems pretty clear to me that the jobs of the future will be more digitally demanding, and there is a crisis in childhood stunting. So these are photos from Charles Nelson, who shared these with us from Harvard Medical School. And what these photos show on the one side, on the left side, is a three-month-old who has been stunted: not adequate nutrition, not adequate stimulation. And on the other side, of course, is a normal child, and the normal child has all of these neuronal connections. Now, the neuronal connections are important, because that is the definition of human capital. 

还有另一件事困扰着我，我们清楚地知道，未来的工作将更数字化，儿童发育迟缓将是一场危机，这是在哈佛医学院的Charles Nelson与我们分享的照片，这些照片的左边是，一个三个月大的发育迟缓的婴儿，营养不足，刺激不足。另一边，是一个正常的孩子，大脑有全部的神经元连接，神经元连接十分重要，我们基于它来定义人类行为能力。

Now, we know that we can reduce these rates. We can reduce these rates of childhood stunting quickly, but if we don't, India, for example, with 38 percent childhood stunting, how are they going to compete in the economy of the future if 40 percent of their future workers cannot achieve educationally and certainly we worry about achieving economically in a way that will help the country as a whole grow. 

现在，我们知道我们可以降低这一比率，我们可以快速降低儿童发育迟缓率。如果不这样做，在印度，就将有38%的儿童发育迟缓，他们如何在未来的经济中竞争，如果40%的未来工人不能受到教育，我们当然也担心有助于国家全面发展的经济发展方式 

Now, what are we going to do? 78 trillion dollars is the size of the global economy. 8.55 trillion dollars are sitting in negative interest rate bonds. That means that you give the German central bank your money and then you pay them to keep your money. That's a negative interest rate bond. 24.4 trillion dollars in very low-earning government bonds. And 8 trillion literally sitting in the hands of rich people under their very large mattresses. 

我们现在要做些什么？ 全球经济的规模达78万亿美元,其中有价值8.55万亿美元的负利率债券,这意味着你把钱存进德国中央银行，然后你付款让他们替你保管。这就是负利率债券。有价值24.4万亿的低收入政府债券。富人们坐拥差不多8万亿。

What we are trying to do is now use our own tools -- and just to get nerdy for a second, we're talking about first-loss risk debt instruments, we're talking about derisking, blended finance, we're talking about political risk insurance, credit enhancement -- all these things that I've now learned at the World Bank Group that rich people use every single day to make themselves richer, but we haven't used aggressively enough on behalf of the poor to bring this capital in. 

我们正在尝试借助我们自己的知识，再次像书呆子一样，我们谈论着一级风险债务工具，谈论着冒险，混合基金。我们谈论着政治风险保险，信用增级，我在世界银行集团所学到的这一切。富人们每天凭借它们变得更加富有，但我们还没有积极地代表穷人，来筹集资金。 

So does this work? Can you actually bring private-sector players into a country and really make things work? Well, we've done it a couple of times. This is Zambia, Scaling Solar. It's a box-set solution from the World Bank where we come in and we do all the things you need to attract private-sector investors. And in this case, Zambia went from having a cost of electricity at 25 cents a kilowatt-hour, and by just doing simple things, doing the auction, changing some policies, we were able to bring the cost down. Lowest bid, 25 cents a kilowatt-hour for Zambia? The lowest bid was 4.7 cents a kilowatt-hour. It's possible. 

这有用吗？ 你真的能把私营者引入一个国家，让事情发挥作用吗？ 我们尝试了几次。这是在赞比亚，太阳能的规模化，这是世界银行提出的一套解决方案。我们尽全力，做所有你需要的事情，来吸引私营投资者。这一案例中，赞比亚的电费刚开始是，每千瓦时25美分，通过一些简单的操作，比如拍卖，改变政策，我们能够降低成本，最低价，每千瓦时25美分？ 最低价是每千瓦时4.7美分，这是可能的。 

But here's my proposal for you. This is from a group called Zipline, a cool company, and they literally are rocket scientists. They figured out how to use drones in Rwanda. This is me launching a drone in Rwanda that delivers blood anywhere in the country in less than an hour. So we save lives, this program saved lives.

以下是我对你们的建议。这是一家名为Zipline的公司，一家很棒的公司，他们可以说是火箭专家。他们发现了如何在卢旺达运用无人机，这是我在卢旺达操纵一架无人机。它可以在一个小时内把血液送到城市的任何地方。我们拯救了生命，这一计划拯救了生命。 

This program made money for Zipline and this program saved huge amounts of money for Rwanda. That's what we need, and we need that from all of you. I'm asking you, carve out a little bit of time in your brains to think about the technology that you work on, the companies that you start, the design that you do. Think a little bit and work with us to see if we can come up with these kinds of extraordinary win-win solutions. 

这一计划为Zipline盈利，也为卢旺达节约了一大笔钱。这就是我们所需要的，也是我们对你们的期盼。想要你们，分出一部分时间想想，你所掌握的技术，你开创的公司，你所做的设计。想一想，然后和我们一起合作，看我们是能得出其它这样非同寻常的双赢方案。 

I'm going to leave you with one final story, and I was in a classroom. This is me with a classroom of 11-year-olds. And I asked them, as I always do, "What do you want to be when you grow up?" Two raised their hands and said, "I want to be President of the World Bank." 

要留给你们最后一个故事。在坦桑尼亚，我去到了一间教室，这是我和一群十一岁大的孩子们在一起。我像往常一样问他们： “你们长大后想做什么？” 两个孩子举手答到 “我想成为世界银行行长” 。

And just like you, my own team and their teachers laughed. But then I stopped them. I said, "Look, I want to tell you a story. When I was born in South Korea, this is what it looked like. This is where I came from. And when I was three years old, in preschool, I don't think that George David Woods, the President of the World Bank, if he had visited Korea on that day and come to my classroom, that he would have thought that the future President of the World Bank was sitting in that classroom. Don't let anyone ever tell you that you cannot be President of the World Bank." 

和你们一样，我的团队和他们的老师也笑了，但我阻止了他们。我说“听着，我想给你们讲一个故事” 当我在韩国出生时，它是这样的模样，这就是我的家乡。当我三岁时，在学前班，我从没想过世界银行行长George David Woods 如果某天他拜访韩国，来到我的教室。他是否会想到，未来的世界银行行长就在这间教室里，不要让其他人告诉你，你不能成为世界银行行长。

Now, thank you. 

谢谢你们 

Let me leave you with one thought, work with us. We know that we can find those Zipline-type solutions and help the poor leapfrog into a better world, but it won't happen until we work together. The future "you" -- and especially for your children -- the future you will depend on how much care and compassion we bring to ensuring that the future "us" provides equality of opportunity for every child in the world. 

让我给你们留下一个想法。我来自一个曾是世界上最贫穷的国家，我现在是世界银行行长。我不能，也不会拉起我身后的梯子。现在十分迫切，愿望变得愈发强烈，到处都有强烈的希冀。在这间房间里的你们，和我们一起努力，我们知道我们能找到像Zipline这样的解决方案，帮助穷人跨越到一个更好的世界。这一切不会发生，除非我们一起努力，未来的你们，尤其是对你们的孩子来说，未来取决于我们为未来的“我们”提供了多少关爱和同情，以确保世界上每个儿童都享有平等的机会。

Thank you very much. 

非常感谢你们

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