委员会巡礼 | UNHCR: Ensuring the Safety of Asylum Seekers

1.委员会介绍

The UN Refugee Agency, UNHCR, is a global organization dedicated to saving lives, protecting rights and building a better future for refugees, forcibly displaced communities and stateless people.Nowadays, many people around the world, for reasons ranging from wars, civil unrest, religious or political prosecution to extreme climates, are forced out of their home to seek protection and a new life elsewhere. We will examine several scenarios where asylum seekers may encounter difficulties while seeking safety, including pushbacks at borders, perilous routes, criminal organizations engaged in smuggling and trafficking, and discrimination against vulnerable groups.It falls upon the UNHCR and fellow delegates to find out how to help more asylum seekers reach their destination safe and sound. We are expecting that the delegates can fully deploy their creation and wisdom to figure out feasible and promising solutions to justify the rights of asylum-seekers.
联合国难民署是一个全球性组织，致力于拯救生命，保护权利，为难民、被迫流离失所的社区和无国籍人士建立一个更美好的未来。如今，世界各地的许多人，由于战争、内乱、宗教或政治以及极端气候等原因，被迫离开自己的家园，到其他地方寻求保护和新的生活。我们将研究庇护者在寻求安全时可能遇到困难的几种情况，包括在边境的推搡、危险的路线、从事偷渡和贩运的犯罪组织以及对弱势群体的歧视。 如何帮助更多的庇护者安全抵达目的地，是联合国难民署和其他代表们的责任。我们期待代表们能够充分运用他们的创造和智慧，找出可行的解决方案，以正名庇护者的权利。

2.议题讨论方向

Topic

The Protection of Asylum Seekers

议题

如何保护难民

Accessibility to Safe Territory

难以前往安全区

The accessibility to another country is a tricky issue because in order to claim their right to seek asylum, they must first cross an international border. Numerous administrative measures prevent refugees and asylum seekers from entering secure territory in many nations. Pre-entry clearance, formal immigration requirements, carrier sanctions, and other offshore border controls are examples of these. Physical barriers like walls, fences, closed borders, and pushbacks also exist. 难民很难安全地前往并以正式合法的方式进入某个国家。他们在寻求庇护的过程中必须跨越多个国家的国境线。尽管如此，许多国家采取了行政措施来限制难民和寻求庇护者进入本国，例如要求他们先获得入境许可和正式移民要求、对承运人进行制裁以及加强其他境外边境控制。同时，各国的边境上也存在一系列物理障碍，如边境墙、围栏、封闭边境政策以及对偷渡者的驱逐返还等措施。

Dangerous Routes

行进路线危险

Routes asylum seekers take are fraught with dangers, such as treacherous terrain, illegal border crossings, and being exploited by smugglers and traffickers. In order to escape conflicts or dangers, many migrants embark on these perilous journeys. They may have to travel through conflict-affected regions, or face harsh weather, a lack of resources, and the possibility of being deported, or even murdered.难民为了前往安全地区通常需要采取充满危险的路线。这些路线可能穿越险恶的地形，要求非法越境，或者面临走私者和人贩子的利用。虽然为了逃避冲突和危险，许多寻求庇护者不得不冒险踏上危险的旅程，但他们也很可能必须穿过受冲突和战乱影响的地区，忍受恶劣天气和资源短缺的影响，甚至承担被谋杀的风险。

Human Trafficking and Smuggling

人口贩卖和走私

Not all asylum seekers can afford to travel to another nation in a normal manner. People fleeing conflict or persecution may use smugglers and irregular migration methods, which increases their vulnerability to human trafficking and other serious crimes and violations of human rights. Migrants are frequently exploited in this manner by profit-seeking criminals who take advantage of their precarious situation and lack of legal options by charging exorbitant prices for services.并非所有难民都有能力以正常合法的方式前往另一个更加安全的国家。许多逃离战乱或迫害的难民可能需要依靠人口走私或其他非常规的移民方式来离开当地，这会使他们更容易成为人口贩卖或其他重大犯罪的受害者，他们的人权也很可能遭到侵犯。难民经常被寻求利润的罪犯所剥削，对方往往利用他们的危险处境以及无法选择合法移民的现状，向他们收取高昂的价格以帮助他们前往另一个国家。

Discrimination

歧视

In many parts of the world, discrimination against refugees and asylum seekers is a widespread issue. People who have fled their homes because of persecution, conflict, or other forms of violence are mistreated, excluded, and stigmatized. Discrimination against refugees and asylum seekers can take many forms, including social exclusion, economic marginalization, and verbal and physical abuse. They might not be able to get basic services like housing, healthcare, and education, and they might not be able to move around or find jobs.许多地方存在针对难民的歧视。难民因为迫害、冲突或其他暴力因素而不得不逃离家园，却在新的环境中经历虐待、排斥和污名化。这种歧视以多种形式表现，包括社会群体排斥、经济被边缘化，以及言语和身体上的虐待。寻求庇护的难民在获得基本服务如住房、医疗和教育方面可能会受到限制，也可能无法自由出行或寻找工作。

3.推荐阅读

1. Statute of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. UNHCR. 

2. Schneider, C. & Joos, S. & Bozorgmehr. K. (2015). "Disparities in health and access to healthcare between asylum seekers and residents in Germany: a population-based cross-sectional feasibility study". 

3. The UN Refugee Agency (Ed.) (2017). A guide to international refugee protection and building state asylum systems.

4. The UN Refugee Agency (Ed.) (2018). Comprehensive Refugee Response Framework. UNHCR - Comprehensive Refugee Response Framework

5. Refugees, U. N. H. C. for. Refworld | IOM-UNHCR Framework document on developing standard operating procedures to facilitate the identification and protection of victims of trafficking. Refworld. 

6. Pocock. N. & Chan. C. (2018, June 20). Refugees, Racism and Xenophobia: What Works to Reduce Discrimination?  

4.学团介绍

主席团指导

Dais Head

张云龙 

Yunlong ZHANG

哈尔滨工业大学

Harbin Institute of Technology 

本科生 

Undergraduate

模联经历

2014 黑龙江省模联大会 GA1-DISEC 荣誉提名

2015 环球令德大连模拟联合国大会 GA1-DISEC 杰出代表

2015 蔚蓝模联EXPO GA1-DISEC 荣誉提名

2015 环球令德哈三中模拟联合国大会 GA1-DISEC 主席助理

2015 WEMUN 东北地区会 ECOSOC 荣誉提名

2016 黑龙江省三校模联 Joint Crisis Committee 主席团成员

2017 哈工大模联秋季会 UNSC(Historical) 杰出代表

2018 北京国际模拟联合国大会 欧洲理事会 最佳代表

2018 哈工大模联春季会 IMF 代表

2018 大连理工模联 OPCW 主席团成员

2018 哈医大模联 GA-DISEC 主席团指导

2018 哈工大模联秋季会 UNSC(Historical) 主席团指导

2019 哈工大模联秋季会 学术总监

2020 哈工大模联春季会 学术总监/副秘书长

2020 萤火影响力会议 中国人民政治协商会议 杰出代表

2021 上海交通大学模拟联合国大会 ITU 主席团成员

2021 大连理工大学模拟联合国大会 UNSC 主席团指导

2022 上海交通大学模拟联合国大会 EC 主席团指导

2014 Heilongjiang Provincial Model United Nations Conference GA-DISEC Honorable Mention

2015 GLMUN-Dalian GA-DISEC Outstanding Delegate

2015 WEMUN EXPO GA-DISEC Honorable Mention

2015 GLMUN-H3Z Model United Nations Conference GA-DISEC Assistant Director

2015 WEMUN-Northeast Model United Nations Conference ECOSOC  Honorable Mention

2016 Three High-School Friendly Model United Nations Conference Joint Crisis Committee Dais Member

2017 Harbin Institute of Technology Model United Nations Conference UNSC(Historical) Outstanding Delegate

2018 Beijing International Model United Nations Conference European Council Best Delegate

2018 Harbin Institute of Technology Model United Nations Conference IMF United States of America

2018 Dalian University of Technology Model United Nations Conference OPCW Dais Member

2018 Harbin Medical University Model United Nations Conference GA-DISEC Dais Head

2018 Harbin Institute of Technology Model United Nations Conference UNSC（Historical） Dais Head

2019 Harbin Institute of Technology Model United Nations Conference Academic Director

2020 Harbin Institute of Technology Model United Nations Conference Academic Director & Deputy Secretary General

2020 SHIMMER SDGs Hub CPPCC Outstanding Delegate

2021 Shanghai Jiao Tong University Model United Nations Conference ITU Dais Member

2021 Dalian University of Technology Model United Nations Conference UNSC Dais Head

2022 Shanghai Jiao Tong University Model United Nations Conference European Council Dais Head

主席团成员

Dais Member

徐奕雯

Yiwen XU

上海交通大学

Shanghai Jiao Tong University

本科生

 Undergraduate

模联经历

2019 哈佛模联-青年领袖特训 世界卫生组织 最佳代表

2019 联合校际模拟联合国大会 联合国教科文组织 最佳风采

2019 华师大二附中模拟联合国大会 联合国人权理事会 最佳阐释

2021 “致晖”杯四校联合会 联合国人权理事会 主席团指导

2021 华师大二附中模拟联合国大会 联合国人权理事会主席团指导

2019 Pegasus-Harvard Model United Nations WHO Best Delegate

2019 Consortium Model United Nations Conference UNESCO Best Style

2019 NO.2 High School of East China Normal University Model United Nations UNHRC Best speech

2021 Zhi Hui Model United Nations Conference UNHRC Dais Head

2021 NO.2 High School of East China Normal University Model United Nations UNHRC Dais Head

主席团成员

Dais Member

余启凡

Qifan YU

西北工业大学

Northwestern Polytechnical

University

本科生

 Undergraduate

模联经历

2020 西北工业大学模拟联合国大会 outstanding delegate

2021 北京大学亚洲国际模拟联合国大会

2021 中山大学模拟联合国大会 honorable mention

2022 日内瓦国际大学生模拟联合国大会 honorable mention

2022 中国模拟联合国大会 best delegate

2021 西北工业大学模拟联合国大会 外联部成员

2021 西北工业大学模拟联合国大会 主席团成员

2022 西北地区模拟联合国大会 主席团成员

2020 Northwestern Polytechnical University Model United Nations Conference outstanding delegate

2021 Asian International Model United Nations Conference (AIMUN)

2021 Sun Yat-sen University Model United Nations Conference HonorableMention

2022 Geneva University International Model United Nations Conference (GIMUN) Honorable Mention

2022 China National Model United Nations Conference Best delegate

2021 Northwestern Polytechnical University Model United Nations Conference Member of Outreach Department

2021 Northwestern Polytechnical University Model United Nations Conference Dais Member

2022 Northwestern District Model United Nations Conference Dais Member

主席团成员

Dais Member

梅司睿

Sirui MEI

南开大学

Nankai University

本科生

 Undergraduate

模联经历

2022 第三届中国青年领袖国际发展峰会“为和而生 为人而存” 杰出代表

2022 南开大学第五届外交官风采大赛 杰出代表

2022 The 3rd China Youth Summit of Global Development – “For Peace, For Human”2022 FADAB Outstanding Delegate

2022 The 5th Diplomacy Talent Contest 2022 Outstanding Delegate