双语学习：世界卫生组织：有关新型冠状病毒的常见问题
有关新型冠状病毒的常见问题
2020年1月9日 | Q&A
什么是冠状病毒？
冠状病毒是一个大型病毒家族，已知可引起感冒以及中东呼吸综合征（MERS）和严重急性呼吸综合征（SARS）等较严重疾病。
What is a coronavirus?
Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses that are known to cause illness ranging from the common cold to more severe diseases such as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS).
什么是新型冠状病毒？
新型冠状病毒是以前从未在人体中发现的冠状病毒新毒株。
What is a novel coronavirus?
A novel coronavirus (CoV) is a new strain of coronavirus that has not been previously identified in humans.
人可能会感染新型的动物源冠状病毒吗？
详细调查结果显示，中国2002年发生了从果子狸传至人的SARS冠状病毒疫情，沙特阿拉伯2012年发生了从单峰骆驼传至人的中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒疫情。一些已知的冠状病毒在动物中传播，但尚未感染人类。随着全球监测工作的改善，可能会发现更多冠状病毒。
Can humans become infected with a novel coronavirus of animal source?
Detailed investigations found that SARS-CoV was transmitted from civet cats to humans in China in 2002 and MERS-CoV from dromedary camels to humans in Saudi Arabia in 2012. Several known coronaviruses are circulating in animals that have not yet infected humans. As surveillance improves around the world, more coronaviruses are likely to be identified.
人感染了冠状病毒后会有哪些症状？
症状因病毒而异，常见体征有呼吸道症状、发热、咳嗽、气促和呼吸困难等。在较严重病例中，感染可导致肺炎、严重急性呼吸综合征、肾衰竭，甚至死亡。
What are the symptoms of someone infected with a coronavirus?
It depends on the virus, but common signs include respiratory symptoms, fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties. In more severe cases, infection can cause pneumonia, severe acute respiratory syndrome, kidney failure and even death.
冠状病毒能够在人际传播吗？
是的，一些冠状病毒可以在人际传播，人们通常是在住家、工作场所或医疗机构等地与感染者密切接触后受到感染。
Can coronaviruses be transmitted from person to person?
Yes, some coronaviruses can be transmitted from person to person, usually after close contact with an infected patient, for example, in a household workplace, or health care centre.
有针对新型冠状病毒的疫苗吗？
针对新疾病，并无现有可用疫苗。开发一新疫苗可能需要若干年时间。
Is there a vaccine for a novel coronavirus?
When a disease is new, there is no vaccine until one is developed. It can take a number of years for a new vaccine to be developed.
新型冠状病毒能治疗吗？
目前对于新型冠状病毒所致疾病没有特异治疗方法。但许多症状是可以处理的，因此需根据患者临床情况进行治疗。此外，对感染者的辅助护理可能非常有效。
Is there a treatment for a novel coronavirus?
There is no specific treatment for disease caused by a novel coronavirus. However, many of the symptoms can be treated and therefore treatment based on the patient’s clinical condition. Moreover, supportive care for infected persons can be highly effective.
我如何自我防护？
减少接触和减少传播一系列疾病的标准建议包括，保持基本的手部和呼吸道卫生，坚持安全饮食习惯，并尽可能避免与任何表现出有呼吸道疾病症状（如咳嗽和打喷嚏等）的人密切接触。
What can I do to protect myself?
Standard recommendations to reduce exposure to and transmission of a range of illnesses include maintaining basic hand and respiratory hygiene, and safe food practices and avoiding close contact, when possible, with anyone showing symptoms of respiratory illness such as coughing and sneezing.
卫生工作者是否有感染新型冠状病毒的风险？
是的，由于卫生工作者与患者的接触多于一般人与患者的接触，卫生工作者有感染新型冠状病毒的风险。世卫组织建议卫生工作者坚持采取适当感染防控措施。
Are health workers at risk from a novel coronavirus?
Yes, they can be, as health care workers come into contact with patients more often than the general public WHO recommends that health care workers consistently apply appropriate infection prevention and control measures.
世卫组织对各国有什么建议？
世卫组织鼓励所有国家加强对严重急性呼吸道感染（SARI）的监控，认真检查严重急性呼吸道感染或肺炎病例的任何异常流行情况，并向世卫组织通报新型冠状病毒感染的任何疑似病例或确诊病例。
鼓励各国继续根据《国际卫生条例（2005）》加强突发卫生事件防范。
What WHO recommendations for countries?
WHO encourages all countries to enhance their surveillance for severe acute respiratory infections (SARI), to carefully review any unusual patterns of SARI or pneumonia cases and to notify WHO of any suspected or confirmed case of infection with novel coronavirus.
Countries are encouraged to continue strengthening their preparedness for health emergencies in line with the International Health Regulations (2005).
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