CATTI备考笔记 | 疫情中的“亲密恐怖主义”：全球家暴事件激增
随着疫情蔓延，人们越来越担忧疫情带来的封锁对全球经济的影响，却很少关注封锁对人们的生活有什么影响。《纽约时报》的一篇文章论述疫情封锁下家暴事件激增的问题，让人看到问题的另一面。
在隔离的情况下，家可能会成为家庭暴力的掩盖地。多项研究发现，灾难会导致家庭中的攻击行为增加。研究人员在2008年经济危机期间，重大自然灾害袭来时，以及大型足球比赛进行中时，都发现了这种高峰值。
疫情蔓延打乱了正常的社会秩序，导致经济衰退，生活更为艰难。于是，家暴者变得更暴躁，家暴倾向也越来越明显。
小编选取了几段，我们一起来读一读吧~
01
全球家暴事件激增
Add another public health crisis to the toll of the new coronavirus: Mounting data suggests that domestic abuse is acting like an opportunistic infection, flourishing in the conditions created by the pandemic.
另一场公共健康危机也该归为新型疫情造成的损失：越来越多的数据表明，家庭暴力如同一种伺机性感染，正在大流行造成的环境中迅速蔓延。
“另一场公共健康危机也该归为新型疫情造成的损失”,它的原文是“add another public health crisis to the toll of the new coronavirus”
我们看看toll这个词
常见的表达是：take a heavy toll on… / take its toll on… 对…造成重大影响（一般指不好的影响）
Illness had taken a heavy toll on her
疾病对她的身体造成极大的伤害
The recession is taking its toll on the housing markets.
经济衰退使住房市场遭受重大损失
所以toll可以表示“负面影响，恶果”之类的意思。
The toll of the new coronavirus 新型疫情造成的损失
看到“越来越多的”我们常常想到“growing”，这里用的是“mounting”，不妨多积累一种用法。
“在…中蔓延”，我们可以直接用“flourish”，flourish = develop quickly
Few businesses are flourishing in the present economic climate
在目前的经济气候下，很少有企业兴旺发达
其他可积累的表达
家庭暴力 domestic abuse / domestic violence
伺机性感染 opportunistic infection
There was every reason to believe that the restrictions imposed to keep the virus from spreading would have such an effect, said Marianne Hester, a Bristol University sociologist who studies abusive relationships. Domestic violence goes up whenever families spend more time together, such as the Christmas and summer vacations, she said.
布里斯托尔大学(Bristol University)研究虐待关系的社会学家玛丽安·赫斯特(Marianne Hester)说，完全有理由相信，为防止病毒传播而实施的限制措施会产生这样的效果。她指出，每当家庭成员在一起的时间变多，比如圣诞节和暑假时，家暴就一定会增加。
上一段提出了demestic abuse is flourishing这个观点，这一段开始论证。本段引用社会学家丽安·赫斯特(Marianne Hester)的观点进行论证。
可积累的表达
完全有理由相信
there was every reason to believe that….
限制措施 restrictions
虐待关系 abusive relationships
家暴 domestic violence
Now, with families in lockdown worldwide, hotlines are lighting up with abuse reports, leaving governments trying to address a crisis that experts say they should have seen coming.
现在，全世界的家庭都陷入了封锁，报告家暴的热线电话连连响起，让各国政府不得不努力应对一场专家认为本应预见到的危机。
The United Nations called on Sunday for urgent action to combat the worldwide surge in domestic violence. “I urge all governments to put women’s safety first as they respond to the pandemic,” Secretary General António Guterres wrote on Twitter.
联合国周日呼吁采取紧急措施，打击世界范围内激增的家暴行为。“我敦促各国政府在应对大流行的同时，把女性的安全放在首位，”秘书长安东尼奥·古特雷斯(António Guterres)在Twitter上写道。
可积累的表达
热线电话 hotlines
连连想起 be lighting up
应对危机/ 解决危机 address a crisis
本应预见到的 that they should have seen coming
我们看看这句“报告家暴的热线电话连连响起”。
这里的“报告”是一个动词，但英文原文并不是一个动词，而是名词。我们不妨把这句话多读几遍：hotlines are lighting up with abuse reports
下一段继续论证，引用了联合国秘书长安东尼奥·古特雷斯(António Guterres)说的话，从另一面反映出家暴行为的严重性。
我们看看这一句“打击世界范围内激增的家暴行为”。我们可能会翻译成：combat the soaring domestic violence worldwide。这样翻译没有问题，但是我们可以看看英文原文，学习多一种思路：combat the worldwide surge in domestic violence
But governments largely failed to prepare for the way the new public health measures would create opportunities for abusers to terrorize their victims. Now, many are scrambling to offer services to those at risk. But, as with the response to the virus itself, the delays mean that irreparable harm may already have occurred.
但是，各国政府基本没有准备好应对新的公共卫生措施将会带来的影响，即一个为施虐者恐吓受害者制造机会的环境。现在，他们中的许多正在仓促行动，为那些身处险境的人提供救助。然而，正如对病毒本身的应对一样，这种延误意味着，无法挽回的伤害可能已经发生。
可积累的表达
基本没有准备好 largely fail to prepare for…
恐吓受害者 terrorize their victims
仓促做某事 scramble to do sth.
无法挽回的伤害 irreparable harm
第1段提出观点：家暴事件在全球范围内激增。
第2段和第3段分别引用社会学家和联合国秘书长的观点进行论证。
第4段则对现行的应对措施进行评价：各国政府的应对存在延误，并没有准备好应对家暴激增这个问题
02
封锁和亲密恐怖主义
As cities and towns across China locked down, a 26-year-old woman named Lele found herself entangled in more and more arguments with her husband, with whom she now had to spend every hour in their home in Anhui Province, in eastern China.
随着中国各地城镇进入封锁，一位名叫乐乐(Lele)的26岁女子发现，自己越来越多地陷入和丈夫争吵中，但又不得不跟他在中国东部安徽省的家中共度每分每秒。
从这一段开始，《纽约时报》开始通过具体的例子来阐述观点。
我们先来看看这句话：As cities and towns across China locked down, a 26-year-old woman named Lele found herself entangled in more and more arguments with her husband
具体看看entangle这个词
entangle: to involve sb in a difficult or complicated situation 使卷入，使陷入
He became entangled in a series of conficts with the management.
他卷入了与管理层的一系列冲突中。
Bureaucracy can entangle applications for months.
官僚主义会使申请耽搁数月之久。
接下来作者开始描述具体的事件：
On March 1, while Lele was holding her 11-month-old daughter, her husband began to beat her with a high chair. She is not sure how many times he hit her. Eventually, she says, one of her legs lost feeling and she fell to the ground, still holding the baby in her arms. A photograph she took after the incident shows the high chair lying on the floor in pieces, two of its metal legs snapped off — evidence of the force with which her husband wielded it against her. Another image documents Lele’s injuries: Nearly every inch of her lower legs was covered in bruises, a huge hematoma blooming on her left calf.
3月1日，当乐乐还抱着她11个月大的女儿时，丈夫开始用一把高脚椅殴打她。她不确定他打了她多少下。她说，最终她的一只脚失去知觉，她倒在地上，但手里仍然抱着孩子。
她在事后拍下的一张照片显示，那把高脚椅四分五裂地散落在地上，两条金属腿都断了——这正是她丈夫用力将这把椅子挥向她的证据。另一张照片记录下了乐乐的伤痕：她小腿布满了淤青，左腿腿肚子上出现了一块巨大的血肿。
“殴打”可以用hit，也可以用beat
Her husband began to beat her with a high chair
She is not sure how many times he hits her
我们看看对事故现场和受害者具体的描述：
高脚椅四分五裂地散落在地上 the high chair lying on the floor in pieces
两条金属腿都断了 two of its metal legs snapped off
小腿布满了淤青 nearly every inch of her lower legs was covered in bruises
左腿腿肚子上出现了一块巨大的血肿
A huge hematoma blooming on her left calf
我们再来看两个词：wield和hematoma
wield: if you wield a weapon, tool, or piece of equipment, you carry and use it 拿着（武器，工具，或设备）
He was attacked by a man wielding a knife.
他遭到一名持刀男子的袭击。
Hematoma: a tumor of clotted or partially clotted blood 血肿
Lele — her full name is not being used for her safety — said that her husband had abused her throughout their six-year relationship, but that the Covid-19 outbreak made things far worse. “During the epidemic, we were unable to go outside, and our conflicts just grew bigger and bigger and more and more frequent,” she said. “Everything was exposed.”
在六年的相处中，乐乐——为安全考虑未使用其全名——说丈夫一直虐待她，但是疫情暴发使情况变得更糟。“疫情期间我们不能出门，我们之间的冲突越来越大，越来越频繁，”她说。“一切都暴露出来。”
As quarantines take effect around the world, that kind of “intimate terrorism” — a term many experts prefer for domestic violence — is flourishing.
随着隔离措施在世界各地生效，这种“亲密恐怖主义”——许多专家更喜欢用这个词来形容家庭暴力——正在大行其道。
这一段又出现了flourishing这个词。
我们先看看中文：家庭暴力正在大行其道
原文：domestic violence is flourishing
.
我们再来看看前一段出现flourish的句子：
Mounting data suggests that domestic abuse is acting like an opportunistic infection, flourishing in the conditions created by the pandemic
In Spain, the emergency number for domestic violence received 18 percent more calls in the first two weeks of lockdown than in the same period a month earlier. “We’ve been getting some very distressing calls, showing us clearly just how intense psychological as well as physical mistreatment can get when people are kept 24 hours a day together within a reduced space,” said Ana Bella, who set up a foundation to help other women after surviving domestic violence herself.
在西班牙，家庭暴力的紧急求助号码在封锁前两周接到的电话，比一个月前同期多了18%。
“我们接到一些非常痛苦的电话，清楚地向我们表明，当人们一天24小时被关在同一个狭小的空间里，会发生怎样的心理和身体虐待，”安娜·贝拉(Ana Bella)说，她在摆脱家庭暴力之后成立了一个基金会来帮助其他女性。
可积累的表达
紧急求助号码 emergency number
心理和身体虐待
psychological and physical mistreatment
狭小的空间 reduced space
我们看看distressing这个词
Making you feel extremely upset, especially because of sb’s sufffering. 使人痛苦的，令人苦恼的
It is very distressing to see your baby attached to tubes and monitors.
看到你的孩子插着管子，连着监控器，真是令人担忧。
我们看看reduce的另一个用法。
If you say someone is reduced to doing sth, you mean that they have to do it, although it is unpleasant or embarrassing. 迫使
He was reduced to begging for a living.
他不得不以乞讨为生。
On Thursday, the French police reported a nationwide spike of about 30 percent in domestic violence. Christophe Castaner, the French interior minister, said he had asked officers to be on the lookout for abuse. “The risk increases due to confinement,” he said in an interview on French television.
周四，法国警方报告说，全国范围内的家庭暴力上升了大约30%。法国内政部长克里斯托夫·卡斯塔内(Christophe Castaner)表示，他已要求官员们注意虐待行为。“禁足会增加风险，”他在接受法国电视台采访时表示
这一段开始讲法国的情况。
我们看看spike这个词
The French police reported a nationwide spike of about 30% in domestic violence.
全国范围内的家庭暴力上升了大约30%
Spike的本义是“尖状物”，引申为“激增”。这个词和surge很像
A spike in oil prices 油价急剧上涨
还有一个值得注意的点，这里的“封锁”用的是confinement，而非lockdown. 在自己的写作中，我们也可以用confinement这个词。
03
此类危机会更加频繁
Eventually, the lockdowns will end. But as the confinement drags on, the danger seems likely to intensify. Studies show that abusers are more likely to murder their partners and others in the wake of personal crises, including lost jobs or major financial setbacks. With Covid-19 ravaging the economy, such crises are set to become much more frequent.
封锁最终会结束。但是随着隔离的继续，危险似乎可能加剧。研究表明，在发生个人危机——包括失业或重大财务损失——之后，施虐者更有可能谋杀其伴侣和他人。随着Covid-19毁坏了经济，此类危机只会变得更加频繁。
可积累的表达
随着隔离继续 as the confinement drags on
在…之后/ 紧随…之后 in the wake of
重大财务损失 major financial setbacks
文章来源：纽约时报
文章编辑：Alisa
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