上市一周年后,阿尔茨海默症争议药物困境依旧
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○一年前(2021年6月),美国食品和药物管理局 (FDA)通过快速审批通道批准了由渤健(Biogen)和卫材(Eisai)共同研发的阿尔茨海默症新药阿杜卡玛单抗(aducanumab,商品名Aduhelm,中文名阿杜卡玛单抗)。产业界曾认为,这让在过去十年间已成明日黄花的神经科学领域重新迎来 “黄金时代”。然而一年以来,围绕阿杜卡玛单抗的争议从未停止。2022年6月16日,被寄予厚望的相似药物crenezumab的临床Ⅱ期实验未能达到主要终点。AD领域的药物研发仍未打破失败魔咒。回望一年以来针对阿杜卡玛单抗的种种讨论,我们希望厘清关于AD研发的争议根源。
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争议药物的上市之路
上市后争议频出
图1 ENGAGE和EMERGE中阿杜卡玛单抗对CDR-SB评分的改善 | 来源:Biogen
争议之下各界差异化反应
图2 阿尔茨海默症活动团体宣传海报 | 来源:UsAgainstAlzheimer
FDA时任官员披露审批细节
图3 王亚宁博士展示的阿杜卡玛单抗临床试验数据[11]
从Aβ出发,阿尔茨海默症药物路在何方
图4 进入三期临床的Aβ抗体靶点药物[14]
图5 Aβ抗体的靶向表位[14]
1.FDA’s Decision to Approve New Treatment for Alzheimer’s Disease,https://www.fda.gov/drugs/news-events-human-drugs/fdas-decision-approve-new-treatment-alzheimers-disease
2. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama-health-forum/fullarticle/2788098
3. https://www.nytimes.com/2021/07/14/health/cleveland-clinic-aduhelm.html?campaign_id=60&emc=edit_na_20210715&instance_id=0&nl=breaking-news&ref=headline®i_id=145327320&segment_id=63531&user_id=ebac11ba9344b466151da49e9daca00f
4. https://www.nytimes.com/2021/09/02/health/aduhelm-fda.html
5. https://www.bmj.com/content/375/bmj.n3127.long
6.https://nordot.app/846353221462769664?c=445918389795193953
7.https://www.cms.gov/newsroom/press-releases/cms-finalizes-medicare-coverage-policy-monoclonal-antibodies-directed-against-amyloid-treatment
8. https://www.healthaffairs.org/doi/abs/10.1377/hlthaff.2012.1073?journalCode=hlthaff
9.https://www.cms.gov/medicare-coverage-database/view/ncacal-public-comments.aspx?ncaId=305&fromTracking=Y&
10.https://www.philgutis.com/home
11.https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/cXeL-EmXTZ2JjKru4cYWUA
12. https://www.science.org/content/blog-post/aduhelm-again
13.https://www.fiercepharma.com/pharma/after-aduhelm-controversy-congress-looks-strengthen-fdas-accelerated-approval-powers-wsj
14. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41573-022-00391-w
15.https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?sort=date&size=100&term=Breitner+JC&cauthor_id=26208958
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