论文快递：第五十九期

编者按

Urban Studies 每年投稿量为1000多篇，每年发表16期，共180篇论文左右。由于稿件量大，文章从接收到正式出版周期较长，因此编辑部会在稿件接收排版后的第一时间在网上发布论文全文 (Online First) 。"论文快递" 栏目将同步推出网上刊登的最新论文，方便读者了解Urban Studies的最新动态，敬请关注！

本期为“论文快递”栏目的第五十九期，将介绍Urban Studies第4-7篇2019年最佳论文的候选作品（总共有11篇候选作品，前3篇请参见“论文快递：第五十七期”，最后4篇将在之后进行分享），主题涵盖雅加达的土地大变革、代际住房不平等、美国与德国的邻里效应与代际流动的比较分析，以及新西兰奥克兰的郊区变迁与想象实践，欢迎阅读。

1

Jakarta’s great land transformation: Hybrid neoliberalisation and informality

雅加达的土地大变革：混合的新自由化和非正式化

Suryono Herlambang（印尼塔鲁马纳加拉大学）

以及其他四位共同作者

首次出版时间：2018/4/18｜2019年Urban Studies最佳论文候选作品

Abstract

We analyse dramatic land transformations in the greater Jakarta metropolitan area since 1988: large-scale private-sector development projects in central city and peri-urban locations. These transformations are shaped both by Jakarta’s shifting conjunctural positionality within global political economic processes and by Indonesia’s hybrid political economy. While influenced by neoliberalisation, Indonesia’s political economy is a hybrid formation, in which neoliberalisation coevolves with long-standing, resilient oligarchic power structures and contestations by the urban majority. Three persistent features shape these transformations: the predominance of large Indonesian conglomerates’ development arms and stand-alone developers; the shaping role of elite informal networks connecting the development industry with state actors; and steadily increasing foreign involvement and investment in the development industry, accelerating recently. We identify three eras characterised by distinct types of urban transformation. Under autocratic neoliberalising urbanism (1988–1997) peri-urban shopping centre development predominated, with large Indonesian developers taking advantage of close links with the Suharto family. The increased indebtedness of these firms became debilitating after the 1997 Asian Financial Crisis. Thus post-Suharto democratic neoliberalising urbanism (1998–2005) was a period of minimal investment, except for shopping centres in DKI Jakarta facilitating a consumption-led strategy of recovery from 1997, and the active restructuring of elite informality. Rescaled neoliberalising urbanism (2006–present) saw the recovery of major developers, renewed access to finance, including foreign capital, and the construction of ever-more spectacular integrated superblock developments in DKI Jakarta and peri-urban new towns.

摘要

我们分析了自 1988 年以来雅加达大都市区发生的剧烈土地变迁：中心城市和城郊地区的大型私营部门开发项目。这些转变受到了雅加达在全球政治经济进程中不断变化的交汇位置和印度尼西亚混合型政治经济的影响。虽然受新自由化的影响，但印度尼西亚的政治经济是一个混合型的形态，新自由化与大多数城市长期存在的、富有韧性的寡头力量结构和竞争共同发展。三大持续性特征塑造了这些转变：印度尼西亚大型企业集团的开发部门和独立开发商的支配性优势；将开发业与国家行为者联系起来的精英非正式网络的塑造作用；外资对开发业的参与和投资稳步增加，尤其近期加速增长。我们确定了三个以不同类型城市转型为特征的时代。专制式新自由化城市规划期（1988-1997），城郊购物中心开发占主导，此时印度尼西亚大型开发商利用了与苏哈托家族的密切联系。1997 年亚洲金融危机之后，这些公司因债务增加而变得脆弱。因此，后苏哈托民主新自由化城市规划期（1998-2005）是一个最小投资时期，可资一提的只有雅加达的购物中心促进了从 1997 年开始的消费主导型复苏策略，以及精英非正式性的积极重组。重新调整的新自由化城市规划期（2006 年至今）见证了主要开发商的复苏，包括外资在内的融资渠道重新建立，以及在雅加达和城郊新城镇建设更加壮观的超大型综合开发项目。

Keywords 

elite informality, hybrid political economies, neoliberalising urbanism, real estate mega-projects, urban transformation

关键词

精英非正式性, 混合政治经济, 新自由化城市化, 房地产大型项目, 城市转型

原文地址

https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098018756556

2

Inter-generational housing inequalities: ‘Baby Boomers’ versus the ‘Millennials’

代际住房不平等：“婴儿潮一代”与“千禧一代”

Jennifer Hoolachan（英国卡迪夫大学）

Kim McKee（英国圣安德鲁斯大学）

首次出版时间：2018/7/3｜2019年Urban Studies最佳论文候选作品

Abstract

In contrast to the post-war period, the late 20th and early 21st centuries in the UK have been characterised by the advancement of neoliberal policies including privatisation of the housing system and employment casualisation. Consequently, there are growing socioeconomic inequalities between those born in the post-war period – the ‘Baby Boomers’ – and the younger generation – the ‘Millennials’. Such inequalities have led to narratives of inter-generational conflict with Baby Boomers framed as jeopardising the futures of Millennials. Drawing on Mannheim’s theory of social generations, the concept of generational habitus and qualitative data from 49 Baby Boomers and 62 Millennials, we unpack the ways in which inter-generational inequalities are intersubjectively understood and discussed. Our data indicate that while young people are aware of inter-generational inequalities, they do not feel resentful towards their parents’ generation for profiting at their expense. Instead, many blame the government for not representing their interests. Thus, narratives of inter-generational conflict misleadingly direct blame towards the agency of Baby Boomers rather than political structures.

摘要

与战后时期相比，英国 20 世纪末和 21 世纪初的特点是新自由主义政策的推进，包括住房系统私有化和就业临时化。结果，战后出生的人群（即“婴儿潮世代”）与年轻的一代（“千禧世代”）之间的社会经济不平等现象日益严重。这种不平等导致了一种代际冲突的叙述，认为婴儿潮世代危及千禧世代的未来。基于曼海姆的“社会世代理论”、世代习惯的概念、以及 49 名婴儿潮世代和 62 名千禧世代的定性数据，我们解析了代际不平等是如何被跨主体理解和讨论的。我们的数据表明，虽然年轻人意识到代际之间的不平等，但他们并不因为自己父母那一带侵蚀自己的利益而感到不满。相反，很多人责怪政府没有代表他们的利益。因此，代际冲突的叙述误导性地将责任归咎于婴儿潮世代而不是政治结构。

Keywords 

Baby Boom, generation, generational habitus, housing, Millennial, youth

关键词

婴儿潮, 世代, 世代习惯, 住房, 千禧年, 年轻人

原文地址

https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098018775363

3

Neighbourhood effects in cross-Atlantic perspective: A longitudinal analysis of impacts on intergenerational mobility in the USA and Germany

跨大西洋视角下的邻里效应：美国和德国代际流动影响的纵向分析

Junia Howell（美国匹兹堡大学）

首次出版时间：2018/10/24｜2019年Urban Studies最佳论文候选作品

Abstract

Research in the USA provides evidence that neighbourhood conditions affect intergenerational mobility. However, what remains unclear is the extent to which the US context is unique in producing this influence. To examine this question, the present study directly compares neighbourhood effects on intergenerational mobility in the USA versus those in Germany – a country whose housing market and social welfare policies differ significantly from those in the USA. Results provide a blueprint for conducting cross-national neighbourhood effects studies and illuminate how the nature and severity of neighbourhood effects are nationally specific. These findings underscore the importance of considering how broader political contexts shape neighbourhood effects on intergenerational mobility – a consideration that has implications for proposed policy interventions.

摘要

美国的研究证明，社区条件会影响代际流动性。然而，尚不清楚的是，美国背景在产生这种影响方面的独特程度。为了探讨这个问题，本次研究直接比较了美国的社区条件对代际流动性的影响与德国的此种影响，因为德国的住房市场和社会福利政策与美国的差别很大。结果提供了进行跨国社区影响研究的蓝图，并阐明了社区效应的性质和严重程度是因国家而异的。这些研究结果强调了考虑更广泛的政治背景如何影响社区对代际流动性的影响的重要性 - 这一考虑对拟议的政策干预而言是有意义的。

Keywords cross-national comparison, Germany, income mobility, neighbourhood effects, USA

关键词

跨国比较, 德国, 收入流动性, 社区效应, 美国

原文地址

https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098018798731

4Imaginations of post-suburbia: Suburban change and imaginative practices in Auckland, New Zealand

后郊区的想象：新西兰奥克兰的郊区变迁与想象实践

Cameron Johnson（新西兰奥克兰大学）

Tom Baker（新西兰奥克兰大学）Francis L Collins（新西兰怀卡托大学）首次出版时间：2018/9/12｜2019年Urban Studies最佳论文候选作品

Abstract

Imaginative practices are central to ongoing transformations in the form and function of suburbia. In recent years, urban scholars have focused increasing attention on the concept and process of ‘post-suburbanisation’ to understand contemporary suburbs, yet imaginaries and imaginative practices have been largely absent in their analyses. This paper examines the role of imaginative practices in post-suburban change. Through a case study of Auckland, New Zealand, the paper examines three key domains of imaginative practice – visions, problems and trajectories – implicated in the production of post-suburbia. It argues that understandings of post-suburbanisation will be enhanced by an appreciation of both the material and imaginative dimensions of suburban transformation.

摘要

想象对于郊区的形式和功能的持续转变至关重要。近年来，城市学者越来越关注“后郊区化”的概念和过程，以了解当代郊区，但他们的分析中基本上缺乏想象和务虚的层面。本文探讨了想象在城市郊区变革中的作用。通过对新西兰奥克兰的案例研究，本文探讨了想象的三个关键领域：愿景、问题和轨迹，并在后郊区产生的背景下加以探讨。本文认为，对郊区转型的物质和想象维度的认识，将加强对后郊区化的理解。 

Keywords 

built environment, imagination, planning, policy, post-suburbia, redevelopment, regeneration, politics

关键词

建筑环境, 想象力, 规划, 政策, 后郊区, 再开发, 再生, 政治

原文地址

https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098018787157

推介Urban Studies期刊的最新文章和城市研究的最新动态，搭建中国城市研究学者交流切磋的学术平台。

UrbanStudiesJournal

微信号 :USJ_online