论文快递：第八十七期
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Urban Studies 每年投稿量为1000多篇，每年发表16期，共180篇论文左右。由于稿件量大，文章从接收到正式出版周期较长，因此编辑部会在稿件接收排版后的第一时间在网上发布论文全文 (Online First) 。"论文快递" 栏目将同步推出网上刊登的最新论文，方便读者了解Urban Studies的最新动态，敬请关注！
本期为“论文快递”栏目的第八十七期，将继续介绍主题为“Environmental governance for urban resilience in the Asia-Pacific”的Special Issue（Volume 57, Issue 7）中的另外5篇论文，欢迎阅读。
01
Transformative urbanism and reproblematising land scarcity in Hong Kong
变革性的城市化与香港土地稀缺问题的再认识
Mee Kam Ng（香港中文大学）
首次出版时间：2018/12/5｜研究论文
Abstract
An ecological and humane urbanism is required to combat resource degradation and socio-economic polarisation. UN-Habitat’s New Urban Agenda calls for a paradigm shift to ‘leave no one, no place and no ecology behind’ through sustainable development. However, this article argues that a ‘sustainability fix’, while necessary, is insufficient to counter the hegemonic growth-orientated culture and it is important to re-embed economic activities in ethical socio-ecological relationships for people and place well-being. These require critical scholarship to reproblematise issues and present prescriptive approaches for resolving them. Reproblematisation of Hong Kong’s alleged land scarcity problem reveals a property-dominant urban-biased political economy that sustains a high land price policy through suppressing development of massive rural land resources, resulting in ecological and socio-spatial disparities. Reimagining the development of rural Hong Kong based on the principles of nature conservation and place-making for conviviality and human flourishing could be a potential pathway towards a transformative urbanism.
摘要
我们需要一种生态和人道的城市化来对抗资源退化和社会经济两极分化。联合国人居署的“新城市议程”要求通过可持续发展将范式转变为“不抛弃任何人、任何地方、任何生态”。然而，本文认为，“可持续性解决方案”虽然是必要的，但却不足以对抗以霸权增长为导向的文化，重要的是将经济活动重新嵌入符合道德的社会生态关系中，为人们和地方带来福祉。这需要批判性的学术研究来重设问题并提出解决问题的规范性方法。当我们重设香港所谓的土地稀缺问题，我们揭示出一个以房产为主导的城市偏见的政治经济体，它通过抑制大规模农村土地资源的开发来维持高地价政策，从而导致生态和社会空间的不平等。基于自然保护和地方营造的原则再思香港农村地区的发展以促进人类的共生和繁荣，这可能是实现变革性城市化的潜在途径。
Keywords
Hong Kong, land scarcity, reproblematisation, socio-environmental justice, transformative urbanism
关键词
香港, 土地稀缺, 问题重设, 社会环境正义, 变革性城市化
原文地址
https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098018800399
02
Towards a politics of urban climate responsibility: Insights from Hong Kong and Singapore
走向城市气候责任的政治：来自香港和新加坡的启示
Sara Fuller（澳大利亚麦格理大学）
首次出版时间：2019/10/17｜研究论文
Abstract
Cities are important sites for interrogating the social, scalar and spatial dynamics that underpin climate responsibility. To date, however, there is limited theoretical and empirical understanding about how discourses, practices and politics of climate responsibility might be enacted in the urban context. This gap is particularly significant in the Asia Pacific – a region characterised by high rates of economic growth and rapid urbanisation alongside extreme poverty and exposure to the effects of climate change. This article explores the politics of urban climate responsibility in two cities – Hong Kong and Singapore. Based on empirical research with NGOs, it considers if and how cities have a responsibility to act on climate change, how such responsibility may be configured within the city, and the role of international and regional dynamics in creating and maintaining climate responsibility. The article reframes the contested and contingent geographies of urban climate responsibility through the dimensions of attribution, production and spatialisation before drawing out implications for climate justice and resilience in the Asia Pacific region.
摘要
城市是质疑支撑气候责任的社会、标量和空间动态的重要场所。然而，迄今为止，对于气候责任的论述、实践和政治如何在城市背景下形诸法律，理论和经验理解都有限。这一空缺在亚太地区尤为显著，该地区的特点是高速增长的经济、快速城市化、极端贫困和受气候变化影响。本文探讨了香港和新加坡两个城市的城市气候责任政治。基于对非政府组织的实证研究，本文探讨城市是否有责任针对气候变化采取行动以及在这方面有哪些责任，如何在城市内部配置这些责任，以及国际和区域动态在创建和维护气候责任方面的作用。本文从归因、生产和空间化的维度重新定义了城市气候责任的争议性、或然性地理学，然后引出了对亚太地区气候正义和复原力的含义。
Keywords
climate justice, environment/sustainability, governance, politics, responsibility
关键词
气候正义, 环境/可持续性, 治理, 政治, 责任
原文地址
https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098019872347
03
From resilience to multi-species flourishing: (Re)imagining urban-environmental governance in Penang, Malaysia
从复原能力到多物种繁荣：马来西亚槟城城市环境治理的再想象
Creighton Connolly（新加坡国立大学）
首次出版时间：2019/2/6 | 研究论文
Abstract
This article uses the concept of multi-species flourishing to evaluate the potential of emergent urban governance initiatives in Penang, Malaysia, for achieving more socially and environmentally just forms of urban development. In doing so, the article offers an empirical examination of increasing development pressures on the forested hillsides of Penang, and the significant environmental and socio-cultural implications associated with this activity. This includes the significant flash-flooding and landslides in 2016 and 2017 that have been attributed to unscrupulous hillside developments and deforestation on the island for condominium and highway development. In tracing local responses to these developments, the article draws attention to the various more-than-human relationships that have been mobilised in preventing further degradation of the environment. It also re-visits the concept of environmental imaginaries to illustrate the close relationship between environmental and social wellbeing. The article argues that it is important to move beyond concepts of resilience, which advocate the implementation of technology and engineering measures to adapt to, rather than resist, the environmental shocks associated with intensive urban development. The research for this article has been conducted through participatory research with local civil society groups, and aims to evaluate the role of both governmental and non-state actors in these efforts and the challenges faced in doing so. The article concludes that research on urban resilience and urban governance must move beyond human-centred modes of thought and practice that regard cities as operating outside of ecological systems.
摘要
本文使用多物种繁荣的概念来评估马来西亚槟城新兴城市治理举措的潜力，以实现更具社会和环境公正性的城市发展形式。在此过程中，本文对槟城森林山坡日益增加的开发压力以及与此活动相关的重大环境和社会文化影响进行了实证研究。这包括2016年和2017年的重大洪水泛滥和山体滑坡，这些都是由于岛上肆无忌惮的山坡开发和森林砍伐（目的是共管公寓和高速公路开发）造成的。在追踪当地对这些发展的反应时，本文提请注意为防止环境进一步恶化而动员起来的各种超越人类范围的关系。本文还重新审视了环境想象的概念，以说明环境与社会福祉之间的密切关系。本文认为，重要的是超越复原性概念，倡导实施技术和工程措施，以适应而不是抵制与城市密集发展相关的环境冲击。本文的研究是通过与当地民间社会团体的参与性研究进行的，旨在评估政府和非国家行为者在这些努力中的作用以及这样做所面临的挑战。本文的结论是，关于城市复原性和城市治理的研究必须超越以人为中心的思想和实践模式（这种模式将城市视为在生态系统之外运作）。
Keywords
environmental imaginary, Malaysia, multi-species flourishing, resilience, urban governance, urbanisation
关键词
环境想象, 马来西亚, 多物种繁荣, 复原性, 城市治理, 城市化
原文地址
https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098018807573
04
Cities and the Anthropocene: Urban governance for the new era of regenerative cities
城市与人类世：再生性城市新时代的城市治理
Giles Thomson（澳大利亚柯廷大学）
Peter Newman（澳大利亚柯廷大学）
首次出版时间：2018/9/12｜研究论文
Abstract
The emerging ‘grand challenges’ of climate change, resource scarcity and population growth present a risk nexus to cities in the Anthropocene. This article discusses the potential that rapid urbanisation presents to help mitigate these risks through large-scale transitions if future urban development is delivered using evidence-based policies that promote regenerative urban outcomes (e.g. decarbonising energy, recycling water and waste, generating local food, integrating biodiversity). Observations from an Australian case study are used to describe urban governance approaches capable of supporting regenerative urbanism. The regenerative urbanism concept is associated with macro-scale urban and transport planning that shapes different urban fabrics (walking, transit, automobile), as the underlying infrastructure of each fabric exhibits a different performance, with automobile fabric being the least regenerative. Supporting urban systems based upon regenerative design principles at different scales (macro, meso and micro) can deliver deep and dramatic outcomes for not just reducing the impact of the grand challenges but turning them into regenerative change. In combination, these approaches form the cornerstone of regenerative cities that can address the grand challenges of the Anthropocene, while simultaneously improving livability and urban productivity to foster human flourishing.
摘要
气候变化、资源稀缺和人口增长等新出现的“巨大挑战”为人类世的城市带来了一系列风险。本文所探讨的是，如果未来的城市发展是采用以证据为基础的政策，从而促进“再生性城市”结果（如脱碳能源，水和废物循环，食品生产本地化，重回生物多样性的各个领域），快速城市化将产生的一种潜能，这种潜能可以通过大规模转变减轻这些风险。澳大利亚案例研究的观察结果用于说明能够支持再生性城市化的城市治理方法。再生性城市化概念与宏观规模的城市和交通规划相关联。城市规划形成不同的城市构造（步行，公交，私家车），而每种构造的基础设施则表现出不同的性能，私家车构造是最不具有再生性的。基于不同层面（宏观，中观和微观）的再生性设计原则支持城市系统，这可以带来深刻而显著的结果，不仅可以减少上述“巨大挑战”的影响，还可以将其转变为再生性变革。这些方法结合起来，便构成了再生性城市的基石，可以应对人类世的巨大挑战，同时提高宜居性和城市生产力，促进人类繁荣。
Keywords
Anthropocene, regenerative cities, regenerative design, urban fabrics, urban governance, urban transitions
关键词
人类世, 再生性城市, 再生性设计, 城市构造, 城市治理, 城市转变
原文地址
https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098018779769
05
Megaprojects and the limits of ‘green resilience’ in the global South: Two cases from Malaysia and Qatar
全球南方的大型项目和“绿色韧性”的限度：基于马来西亚和卡塔尔的两个案例
Agatino Rizzo（瑞典卢利亚理工大学）
首次出版时间：2019/3/11｜研究论文
Abstract
The emergence of the climate change discourse in urban planning emphasises resilience as a key concept to deal with issues such as climate mitigation and adaptation, and urban health. What we have termed in this article ‘green resilience’, the coalescence of technological solutions and resilience thinking to solve cities’ ecological issues, is constantly gaining traction in urban planning research. However, green resilience often fails to take into account the socio-political and spatial processes that pertain to the exploitation of land for urban development particularly in the global South. Based on our latest research on two urban megaprojects, in Johor-Singapore (Malaysia) and Doha (Qatar), in this article we build a critique of green resilience and urbanism by leveraging research in the fields of environmental humanities and urban planning.
摘要
城市规划中气候变化话语的出现强调韧性是应对气候风险消减和适应以及城市健康等问题的关键概念。我们在本文中所称的“绿色韧性”，即为解决城市生态问题而出现的、技术解决方案与韧性思维的融合，在城市规划研究中越来越受欢迎。然而，绿色韧性往往没有考虑到与城市发展的土地开发有关的社会政治和空间过程，特别是在全球南方。基于我们对新山 - 新加坡（马来西亚）和多哈（卡塔尔）两个城市大型项目的最新研究，在本文中，我们利用环境人文学科和城市规划领域的研究，对绿色韧性和城市化进行了批判。
Keywords
global South, green resilience, green urbanism, megaprojects
关键词
全球南方, 绿色韧性, 绿色城市化, 大型项目
原文地址
https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098018812009
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