论文快递：第八十九期
编者按
Urban Studies 每年投稿量为1000多篇，每年发表16期，共180篇论文左右。由于稿件量大，文章从接收到正式出版周期较长，因此编辑部会在稿件接收排版后的第一时间在网上发布论文全文 (Online First) 。"论文快递" 栏目将同步推出网上刊登的最新论文，方便读者了解Urban Studies的最新动态，敬请关注！
本期为“论文快递”栏目的第八十九期，将介绍Urban Studies的5篇online-first论文，主题涵盖城市社区园艺与公共空间、锈带城市的社区建设、Airbnb及其对伦敦住房市场的潜在影响、珠江三角洲城市对洪水风险的适应能力，以及城市移民与难民团结，欢迎阅读。
01
Growing public spaces in the city: Community gardening and the making of new urban environments of publicness
日益增加的城市公共空间：社区园艺和城市新的公共性环境的形成
Paul Milbourne（英国卡迪夫大学）
首次出版时间：2021/1/10｜研究论文
Abstract
The demise of public space in cities across the Global North has received considerable scrutiny from urban scholars in recent years, with accounts of the loss, privatisation and increased regulation of public space prevalent within the academic literature. This paper seeks to complicate these dominant narratives of public space transformation by exploring the complexities of existing public spaces and the emergence of new spaces of publicness in the city. It uses a case study of community gardening in mundane and everyday neighbourhood spaces to provide a more nuanced and progressive reading of the relations between publicness and space in the city. Drawing on empirical materials from recent research on community gardening projects in 15 cities in Australia, Canada, the UK and the USA, the paper highlights how community gardening is creating new environments of publicness across public, private and in-between spaces that complicate both the end of public space discourse and conventional understandings of public space within urban studies.
摘要
近年来，全球北方城市公共空间的消亡受到了城市学者的广泛关注，学术界普遍对公共空间的丧失、私有化和监管力度加大进行了论述。本文试图探索现有公共空间的复杂性和城市公共性新空间的出现，以使这些公共空间转型的主流叙事精细化。我们使用一个平凡和日常街区空间内的社区园艺案例研究，提供了对城市公共性和空间之间关系的更细致和进步的解读。根据最近在澳大利亚、加拿大、英国和美国15个城市进行的社区园艺项目研究的经验材料，本文强调社区园艺是如何在公共、私人和中间空间创造新的公共性环境的，这些空间使得城市研究中公共空间终结的论述和对公共空间的传统理解变得更为复杂。
Keywords
community gardening, environments of publicness, public space, urban
关键词
社区园艺, 公共性环境, 公共空间, 城市
原文地址
https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098020972281
02
‘Creating the community I want to be part of’: Affinity-based organising in a small, progressive rustbelt city
“创建我想成为其中一分子的社区”：小型的、进步的锈带城市中基于亲密关系的组织形式
Elizabeth Currans（美国东密歇根大学）
首次出版时间：2021/1/12｜研究论文
Abstract
This article explores a small city’s response to the inauguration of Donald Trump in January 2017. Love, Resilience, Action Ypsilanti (LRAY) focused on community-building and the social justice history of Ypsilanti, Michigan to create a queer-affirming feminist event that intentionally referenced and diverged from national Women’s Marches. In exploring intersectional social justice organising by a queer-dominated feminist group, I argue that organisers’ emphasis on communal care in combination with direct action reflected an affinity-based understanding of community characteristic of this particular small progressive rustbelt city. This example demonstrates the importance of including small cities in urban LGBTQ research.
摘要
本文探讨了一个小城市对唐纳德·川普2017年1月就职的反应。伊普西兰蒂爱、韧性与行动联盟 (LRAY) 关注密歇根州伊普西兰蒂的社区建设和社会正义历史，以创造出一个支持酷儿的女权主义活动，该活动有意识地区别于全国女权运动。在探索一个由酷儿主导的女权主义团体组织的交叉社会正义时，我主张组织者对社区关怀的强调与直接行动相结合，反映了对这个特殊的进步乡村小城市的社区特征的、基于亲密关系的理解。这个例子说明了将小城市纳入城市男女同性恋/双性恋/变性人/酷儿 (LGBTQ) 研究的重要性。
Keywords
affinity-based community, community building, feminism, intersectional activism, queer affirming, small cities
关键词
基于亲密关系的社区, 社区建设, 女权主义, 交叉行动主义, 支持酷儿, 小城市
原文地址
https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098020966258
03
Airbnb and its potential impact on the London housing market
Airbnb及其对伦敦住房市场的潜在影响
Zahratu Shabrina（英国伦敦国王学院，英国伦敦大学学院）
Elsa Arcaute（英国伦敦大学学院）
Michael Batty（英国伦敦大学学院）
首次出版时间：2021/1/16 | 研究论文
Abstract
This article identifies proxies which account for the impacts that the Airbnb platform is having on housing in Greater London. We identify these by analysing the relationships between possible Airbnb misuse and the attributes of housing in the same locations. We assume misuse when listings of entire properties within the Airbnb platform do not conform with local regulations and where hosts who offer such housing have multiple listings. In particular, we examine (1) the dwelling type based on building typology; (2) the type of housing tenure, whether it is owned or rented; and (3) the spatial distribution of changes in rent payable. Three important findings emerge from our analysis. First, based on 2018 data, we estimate that more than 2% of all properties in London, and up to 7% in some local areas are being misused through Airbnb as short-term holiday rentals. Second, the location of these particular Airbnb rentals is negatively correlated with the diversity of dwelling types and positively correlated with dwelling type such as an apartment (or flat) in areas of high private rental stock. Last, we show that a 100% increase in the density of possible Airbnb misuse can be associated with up to an 8% increase in unit rental price per-bedroom per-week, an equivalent to up to an average of £90 price increase per year. Finally, we discuss how this type of analysis can help build instruments to inform policies associated with the platform economy in relation to increasing polarisation in the London housing market.
摘要
本文识别了一些指标，这些指标说明了爱彼迎 (Airbnb) 平台对大伦敦住房市场的影响。我们通过分析同一地段可能的爱彼迎误用与住房市场特征之间的关系来识别这些指标。当爱彼迎平台内的整体房产放租信息不符合当地法规，并且放租者有多个放租信息时，我们推定存在误用。具体而言，我们研究（1）住宅的建筑类型学分类；（2）住房使用权的类型，是自有的还是租赁的；（3）应付租金变化的空间分布。我们的分析得出了三个重要发现。首先，根据2018年的数据，我们估计伦敦超过2%的房产和一些分区高达7%的房产作为短期度假出租物业而发生了爱彼迎误用。第二，这些特定爱彼迎出租物业的位置与住宅类型的多样性负相关，与住宅类型（例如私人出租房屋存量高的地区的公寓）正相关。最后，我们表明可能的爱彼迎误用的密度增加100%可能会导致每间卧室每周的单位租赁价格增加8%，相当于每年平均增加90英镑。最后，我们讨论这种类型的分析如何有助于建立一些工具，面对伦敦住房市场日益严重的两极分化，这些工具能为与平台经济相关的政策的制定提供参考。
Keywords
Airbnb misuse, dwelling types, entropy statistics, London housing market, rental values
关键词
爱彼迎误用, 住宅类型, 熵统计, 伦敦住房市场, 租赁价值
原文地址
https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098020970865
04
Adaptive capacity of the Pearl River Delta cities in the face of the growing flood risk: Institutions, ideas and interests
珠江三角洲城市面对日益增长的洪水风险的适应能力：制度，观念和利益
Marcin Dabrowski（荷兰代尔夫特理工大学）
Dominic Stead（荷兰代尔夫特理工大学）
Jinghuan He（华南理工大学）
Feng Yu（华南理工大学）
首次出版时间：2021/1/17｜研究论文
Abstract
Although the cities in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) in China are amongst the world’s cities most exposed to flooding due to climate change, surprisingly little is done to address this problem. This article explores the barriers to the emergence of policies adapting to the growing flood risk in two PRD cities, Guangzhou and Shenzhen, underlining the importance of the Chinese territorial governance system for adaptive capacity at the local level. Focusing on institutions, ideas and interests as a heuristic device, the article contributes to the literature on urban climate adaptation and the nexus of spatial planning and flood risk management by exploring why and how the development of the adaptive capacity of cities is hampered, despite an urgent need for it.
摘要
尽管中国珠江三角洲的城市是世界上受气候变化影响最大的城市区域之一，但令人惊讶的是，该地区在解决这一问题上却做得很少。本文探讨了广州和深圳这两个珠江三角洲城市在制定适应日益增长的洪水风险的政策时遇到的障碍，强调了中国地方治理体系对地方一级适应能力的重要性。本文以作为启发手段的制度、观念和利益为重点，通过探索城市适应能力的发展（尽管迫切需要）为何、以及如何受阻，丰富了城市气候适应和空间规划与洪水风险管理间联系方面的文献。
Keywords
adaptive capacity, climate change adaptation, flood risk, governance, spatial planning
关键词
适应能力, 气候变化适应, 洪水风险, 治理, 空间规划
原文地址
https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098020951471
05
Urban migrant and refugee solidarity beyond city limits
城市移民与超越城市界限的难民团结
Harald Bauder（加拿大瑞尔森大学，德国弗赖堡高等研究所）
首次出版时间：2021/1/18｜研究论文
Abstract
Cities known around the world as sanctuary, solidarity or refuge cities are resisting restrictive national migration and refugee policies and are seeking ways to accommodate migrants and refugees who lack support from the nation state. In this paper I examine urban solidarity approaches in Berlin and Freiburg in Germany, and Zurich in Switzerland. Interviews with key informants reveal that urban solidarity in these cities is not limited to including migrants and refugees living within the city’s boundaries. Rather, urban solidarity reaches beyond municipal boundaries to connect different places and scales in the form of inter-urban solidarity networks and initiatives that aim to enable migrants and refugees who are still abroad to arrive in the city. The complex geographies of urban migrant and refugee solidarity reach far beyond city limits.
摘要
世界各地被称为避难所、团结城或避难城的城市正在抵制限制性的全国性移民和难民政策，并正在寻找办法接纳得不到全国政府支持的移民和难民。在本文中，我考察了德国柏林和弗赖堡以及瑞士苏黎世的城市团结方法。对关键信息提供者的采访显示，这些城市的城市团结不仅限于包容生活在城市边界内的移民和难民。相反，城市团结超越了城市边界，以城市间团结网络和倡议的形式连接不同的地方和层面，旨在使仍在国外的移民和难民能够抵达城市。城市移民和难民团结的复合地理范围远远超出了城市的界限。
Keywords
Germany, migrants, refugees, solidarity, solidarity cities, Switzerland
关键词
德国, 移民, 难民, 团结, 团结城市, 瑞士
原文地址
https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098020976308
扫码关注我们
微信号｜USJ_online
Urban Studies期刊官方微信公众号