论文快递：第九十一期
编者按
Urban Studies 每年投稿量为1000多篇，每年发表16期，共180篇论文左右。由于稿件量大，文章从接收到正式出版周期较长，因此编辑部会在稿件接收排版后的第一时间在网上发布论文全文 (Online First) 。"论文快递" 栏目将同步推出网上刊登的最新论文，方便读者了解Urban Studies的最新动态，敬请关注！
本期为“论文快递”栏目的第九十一期，将介绍Urban Studies的5篇online-first论文，主题涵盖社区主导的艾滋病毒/艾滋病应对措施，牙买加金斯敦和巴西里约热内卢的智能电网政治，悉尼的智慧城市建设，横向LGBTQ+城市激进主义的重要性，以及哥伦比亚门禁社区的类型学，欢迎阅读。
01
Organising care and community in the era of the ‘gay disease’: Gay community responses to HIV/AIDS and the production of differentiated care geographies in Vancouver
在“同性恋病”时代组织护理和社区服务：温哥华的同性恋社区对艾滋病/艾滋病毒的回应以及差异化护理地理的产生
John Paul Catungal（加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚大学）
以及其他五位共同作者
首次出版时间：2021/1/28｜研究论文
Abstract
Scholarship on the place of the HIV/AIDS crisis in urban geographies of sexual minority activism has powerfully insisted on the importance of community organising as a response to state and societal failures and to their homophobic, AIDS phobic and morally conservative underpinnings. This paper extends this scholarship by examining the urban social geographies of exclusion produced by such community organising efforts. It draws on the perspectives of long-term survivors of HIV/AIDS (LTS) in Vancouver to highlight the differentiated care geographies of HIV/AIDS that resulted from the racialised, classed and gendered politics and urban imaginations enacted by gay and allied HIV/AIDS organising. Though LTS networks, spaces and politics of care and community were more extended than Vancouver’s gay community during the 1980s and 1990s, the centring of the West End gay village in many community-led responses to HIV/AIDS resulted in LTS geographies outside the West End being excluded from important systems of care and community. LTS narratives of the city at the time of the ‘gay disease’ thus tell an urban politics of sexual and health activisms as shaped not only by processes of heteronormativity and homophobia but also of racially, colonially and class-inflected homonormative urban imaginaries.
摘要
关于艾滋病毒/艾滋病危机在性少数群体激进主义的城市地理中的地位的学术研究，有力地坚持了社区组织的重要性，这是对国家和社会的失败、及其对同性恋、艾滋病的恐惧和道德保守主义基础的回应。本文通过考察这种社区组织努力所产生的排斥的城市社会地理，扩展了这一学术研究。我们基于温哥华艾滋病毒/艾滋病长期幸存者 (LTS) 的观点，强调了艾滋病毒/艾滋病护理的地理差异性，这是由同性恋和艾滋病毒/艾滋病联盟组织实施的种族化、阶级化和性别化的政治和城市想象造成的。虽然在20世纪80年代和90年代，LTS的网络、空间和关怀社区的政治比温哥华的同性恋社区更为广泛，但西端区 (West End) 同性恋村在许多社区主导的艾滋病毒/艾滋病应对措施中的中心地位导致西端区以外的LTS地区被排除在重要的关怀和社区系统之外。因此，LTS在“同性恋疾病”时期的城市叙事讲述了一种性与健康激进主义的城市政治，塑造这种政治的不仅包括异性恋正统主义与同性恋恐惧，还包括种族化、殖民化和阶级化的同性恋正统主义城市想象。
Keywords
activism, AIDS, care, community services, gay, place-frames
关键词
激进主义, 艾滋病, 护理, 社区服务, 同性恋, 地方框架
原文地址
https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098020984908
02
The smart grid as a security device: Electricity infrastructure and urban governance in Kingston and Rio de Janeiro
智能电网作为安全设备：金斯顿和里约热内卢的电力基础设施和城市治理
Francesca Pilo’（荷兰乌特勒支大学）
首次出版时间：2021/1/31｜研究论文
Abstract
This article aims to contribute to recent debates on the politics of smart grids by exploring their installation in low-income areas in Kingston (Jamaica) and Rio de Janeiro (Brazil). To date, much of this debate has focused on forms of smart city experiments, mostly in the Global North, while less attention has been given to the implementation of smart grids in cities characterised by high levels of urban insecurity and socio-spatial inequality. This article illustrates how, in both contexts, the installation of smart metering is used as a security device that embeds the promise of protecting infrastructure and revenue and navigating complex relations framed along lines of socio-economic inequalities and urban sovereignty – here linked to configurations of state and non-state (criminal) territorial control and power. By unpacking the political workings of the smart grid within changing urban security contexts, including not only the rationalities that support its use but also the forms of resistance, contestation and socio-technical failure that emerge, the article argues for the importance of examining the conjunction between urban and infrastructural governance, including the reshaping of local power relations and spatial inequalities, through globally circulating devices.
摘要
通过探讨智能电网在牙买加金斯敦和巴西里约热内卢低收入地区的安装，本文旨在为近期关于智能电网政治的辩论做出贡献。迄今为止，大部分辩论重点关注各种形式的智慧城市试验（主要是在全球北方），而较少关注在高度不安全和社会空间不平等的城市实施智能电网。本文说明了在这两种情况下，智能计量装置如何被用作一种安全机制，这种安全机制承诺保护基础设施和收入以及驾驭复杂关系，这些复杂关系是基于社会经济不平等和城市主权构建的（这里与国家和非国家（刑事）领土控制和权力配置相关联）。通过解析智能电网在不断演变的城市安全背景下的政治运作（不仅包括支持其使用的合理性，还包括涌现的各种形式的阻力、争夺和社会技术失败），本文论证了通过全球流通的装置审视城市和基础设施治理之间的联系的重要性，包括重塑地方权力关系和空间不平等。
Keywords
crime/social order, governance, informality, infrastructure, smart grid, technology/smart cities, urban studies
关键词
犯罪/社会秩序, 治理, 非正规性, 基础设施, 智能电网, 技术/智慧城市, 城市研究
原文地址
https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098020985711
03
How smart cities are made: A priori, ad hoc and post hoc drivers of smart city implementation in Sydney, Australia
如何打造智慧城市：澳大利亚悉尼智慧城市实施的先验、特设和事后动因
Robyn Dowling（澳大利亚悉尼大学）
以及其他三位共同作者
首次出版时间：2021/2/7 | 研究论文
Abstract
Recent geographical attention to smart places has underlined the key point that smart places are made: crafted incrementally over time and woven through existing sites and contexts. Work on analysing the crafting of ‘actually existing’ smart cities has turned to describing and characterising the processes through which smart cities are made and, within this, the interplay and relative significance of accidental versus purposeful smart cities has come to the fore. Drawing on the concept of dispositif to capture the simultaneity of piecemeal and opportunistic change with deliberate strategy, this paper furthers these debates using examples of two places within the Sydney Metropolitan Region, Australia: Newcastle and Parramatta. Through their analysis we identify the evolving interplay of a priori drivers, ad hoc initiatives and post hoc strategies evident in the crafting of smart cities. Understanding the emergence of actually existing smart cities, we conclude, is sharpened and strengthened by the concept of dispositif, through its attention to processes characterised by non-linear, overlapping and recursively combined drivers that are not without purposeful, strategic intent.
摘要
最近对智慧场所的地理学关注凸显了智慧场所营造的关键点：随着时间的推移，智能场所逐渐形成，并通过现有的地点和环境编织而成。分析“实际存在的”智能城市的工作已经转向描述和表征智能城市的形成过程，在这个过程中，偶然与刻意的的智能城市的相互作用和相对重要性被凸显出来。本文以澳大利亚悉尼大都市区内的两个地方（纽卡素和帕拉马塔）为例，利用意向的概念来捕捉渐进的和机会主义的变革与深思熟虑的策略的同时性，从而进一步展开这些争论。通过对它们的分析，我们发现在智慧城市建设过程中显而易见的先验驱动因素、临时举措和临时战略之间不断演变的相互作用。我们的结论是，通过关注非线性、重叠和递归组合驱动因素（这些驱动因素并非没有目的和战略意图）的过程，对实际存在的智能城市的出现的理解因意向概念而变得更加敏锐和强化。
Keywords
governance, local government, planning, policy, technology/smart cities
关键词
治理, 地方政府, 规划, 政策, 技术/智能城市
原文地址
https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098020986292
04
The place of transversal LGBTQ+ urban activisms
横向LGBTQ+城市激进主义的地点
Emma Spruce（英国伦敦政治经济学院）
首次出版时间：2021/2/2｜研究论文
Abstract
This special issue on placing LGBTQ+ urban activisms seeks to affirm the plurality of LGBTQ+ activisms and expand the geographic lens to consider places that have been side-lined as sites of LGBTQ+ political ferment. In this article I reflect on the ways that the collection also gestures towards the importance of ‘connective’ LGBTQ+ urban activisms, complicating existing theorisation that has primarily focused on transnational relations. Approaching it through the particular space and time of London during the Covid-19 pandemic, I interpret the collection as a call to explore the knowledge that becomes available – and the praxis that is foregrounded – when we examine the connective dimensions of LGBTQ+ urban activisms. Bridging feminist, queer and urban studies, I conclude by arguing for the particular analytic lens that emerges when ‘place’ is brought into critical tension with ‘transversal politics’ as a way to think about both those connective LGBTQ+ urban activisms that already exist and those which are urgently needed.
摘要
本期关于男女同性恋、双性恋、变性人和酷儿群体 (LGBTQ+) 城市激进主义的特刊旨在确认LGBTQ+激进主义的多元性，并扩大地理视角以考察已作为LGBTQ+政治温床而被边缘化的地方。在本文中，我探讨本辑在哪些方面突出了“连接性”LGBTQ+城市激进主义的重要性，从而将主要关注跨国关系的现有理论精细化。我通过新冠肺炎 (Covid-19) 大流行期间伦敦的特定空间和时间来探讨这一问题，并将本辑解读为一个号召，呼吁在研究LGBTQ+城市激进主义的连接性维度时探讨新出现的知识以及前瞻性的实践。在结论部分，我试图在女权主义者、酷儿和城市研究之间搭建一座桥梁，我主张采用一些当“场所”与“横向政治”处于关键的紧张关系时出现的特定分析视角，作为一种思考已经存在的和迫切需要的连接性LGBTQ+城市激进主义的方法。
Keywords
feminist, LGBTQ+, queer, transversal activisms, urban justice
关键词
女权主义者, 男女同性恋, 双性恋, 变性人和酷儿群体 (LGBTQ+), 酷儿, 横向激进主义, 城市正义
原文地址
https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098020986063
05
Between walls and fences: How different types of gated communities shape the streets around them
在墙壁和栅栏之间：不同类型的门禁社区是如何塑造他们周围街道的？
David Kostenwein（瑞士苏黎世联邦理工学院）
首次出版时间：2021/2/7｜研究论文
Abstract
Gated communities in Latin American cities have become the new normal. The streets bordered by fences, walls and the occasional gate, formed when two or more gated communities face each other, dominate the urban landscape today. Taking Bogotá with its 3500 gated communities as my case study, I create a novel typology focusing on the gated community’s spatial dimension, not portraying it as an isolated island but as an integral part of the urban realm. Using an empirically grounded typology formation process, I present five distinctive types of gated communities in Bogotá, varying widely in how they shape the surrounding public spaces. Some types have significant expected negative effects on activity and security in the adjacent streets and others hardly any. I show how future gated community research and policymaking would benefit from disaggregation of the concept and present some policy strategies to mitigate negative external effects of gated communities.
摘要
在拉丁美洲城市，门禁社区已经成为新常态。街道的两侧遍布栅栏、墙壁和偶尔出现的大门，两个或多个门禁社区相向而立，这是如今占主导地位的城市景观。以波哥大及其3,500个门禁社区为例，我创建了一个关注门禁社区空间维度的新类型学，不是将其描绘成一个孤岛，而是城市领域的一个组成部分。我使用一个基于经验的类型学形成过程，将波哥大的门禁社区分为五种不同的类型，在对周边公共空间的影响方面，它们有很大的不同。一些类型对邻近街道的活动和安全有显著的预期负面效应，而其他类型几乎没有这种影响。我说明了这种对概念的分解将给未来关于门禁社区的研究和政策制定带啦的益处，并提出了一些政策策略来消减门禁社区的负面外部效应。
Keywords
Colombia, gated communities, public space, segregation, typology
关键词
哥伦比亚, 门禁社区, 公共空间, 隔离, 类型学
原文地址
https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098020984320
扫码关注我们
微信号｜USJ_online
Urban Studies期刊官方微信公众号