新概念英语第二册 Lesson77（视频+音频+单词+课文重点）
教学视频
Lesson 77
A successful operation
一例成功的手术
First listen and then answer the question.
听录音，然后回答以下问题。
Did the doctors find out how the woman died?
The mummy of an Egyptian woman who died in 800 B.C. has just had an operation.
死于公元前800年的一位埃及妇女的木乃伊刚刚接受了一次手术。
The mummy is that of Shepenmut who was once a singer in the Temple of Thebes.
这是曾在底比斯神殿里当过歌手的赛潘姆特的木乃伊。
As there were strange marks on the X-ray plates taken of the mummy,
由于在给这个木乃伊拍摄的X光片子上有点奇怪的斑点，
doctors have been trying to find out whether the woman died of a rare disease.
所以，医生们一直试图搞清这位妇女是否死于一种罕见的疾病。
The only way to do this was to operate.
搞清的唯一办法就是手术。
The operation, which lasted for over four hours, proved to be very difficult because of the hard resin which covered the skin.
手术持续了4个多小时，非常难做，因为皮肤上覆盖着一层硬硬的树脂。
The doctors removed a section of the mummy and sent it to a laboratory.
医生们从木乃伊身上取下一个切片，送去化验。
They also found something which the X-ray plates did not show: a small wax figure of the god Duamutef.
他们还发现了X光片所没有显示的东西：一个蜡制的杜瓦木特夫神小塑像。
This god which has the head of a cow was normally placed inside a mummy.
这种牛头人身的神像通常被放在木乃伊体内。
The doctors have not yet decided how the woman died.
医生们至今还未确定这位妇女的死因。
They feared that the mummy would fall to pieces when they cut it open, but fortunately this has not happened.
他们曾担心在把木乃伊切开后，它会散成碎片，但幸运得很，这种情况并未发生。
The mummy successfully survived the operation.
这具木乃伊成功地经受了这次手术。
生字
vocabulary
1. mummy /ˈmʌmi/ n. 木乃伊
2. Egyptian /iˈdʒɪpʃn/ adj. 埃及的
3. temple /ˈtempl/ n. 庙
4. mark /mɑːk/ n. 斑点
5. plate /pleɪt/ n. （照相）底片
6. disease /dɪˈziːz/ n. 疾病
7. last /lɑːst/ v. 持续
8. prove /pruːv/ v. 显示出
9. resin /ˈrezɪn/ n. 树脂
10. skin /skɪn/ n. 皮肤，皮
11. section /ˈsekʃn/ n. 切片
12. figure /ˈfɪɡə/ n.（人的）体形；人像
13. normally /ˈnɔːməli/ adv. 通常地
14. survive /səˈvaɪv/ v. 幸免于
语法练习
grammar
本课主要是复习第5课、第29课和第53课所学的一般过去时、现在完成时与现在完成进行时的内容。
（一）一般过去时
1、构成方式
主语 + was / were / did + 其他成分
如：
He was here just now.
They went to the park yesterday.
2、基本用法
表示过去发生的事情。如：
I played basketball in the gym two hours ago.
这句话只是在客观描述过去“I”做了什么事情。
3、标志词
1）yesterday系列
2）last系列
3）ago系列
4）in+过去年份或年代
5）this系列
6）短语系列（如just now、the other day）
如：
He was born in the 1980s.
She met the famous movie star the other day.
（二）现在完成时
1、构成方式
主语 + have/has done + 其他成分
如：
She has already finished her job.
2、基本用法
表示过去发生的事情对现在造成的影响或结果。如：
He has had lunch.
这句话的字面意思是“他已经吃过中饭了”，其中吃中饭的动作是过去发生的，但这句话的潜台词可能是“他已经饱了，或者不想再吃东西了”等。
试对比：
He had lunch just now.
这句话的意思是“他刚才吃了中饭”，是对过去事情的客观描述，不强调对现在的影响。
3、标志词
1）already/just/never/ever/yet
2）for+一段时间或since+具体时间/从句（过去式）
3）次数
4）recently/lately
5）so far / up to now
6）in the past/last +一段时间
如：
He has lived here for ten years.
So far, we have not received any letter from her.
（三）现在完成进行时
1、构成方式
sb. + have/has been doing + 其他成分
如：
She has been reading for one hour.
2、基本用法
表过去发生的事情持续到现在还在进行。如：
They have been swimming in the lake for three hours.
3、标志词
与现在完成时的标志词基本相同，除了“already / just / never / ever / yet”。如：
They have just played the game.
They have been playing the game for twenty minutes.