其他
每日法律英语词条(3):Administrative discretion
Administrative discretion describes the freedom of public administrators to make choices, within the limits of their authority, among possible courses of action. Administrative discretion is not necessarily limited to substantive policy decisions. It extends to decisions as to timing of action and the procedures used.
行政裁量描述的是公共行政管理者在其权限的范围内,在可能的行动方案中做出选择的自由。行政裁量权的适用并不仅仅局限于实质的政策决定,在决定行政行为的时间以及决定使用什么程序也有其适用空间。
When government officials seek to achieve public goals in legally permissible ways, those officials and the government are exempt from damage claims from those hurt by the government’s action.
当行政管理者以法律许可的方式实现预期的公共目标时,这些行政管理者以及政府将免于向那些受到政府行为侵害的行政相对人承担赔偿责任。 “Administrative discretion” is also sometimes termed the “discretionary function exemption.” This exemption gives officials room to make judgment calls and carry them out without fear of being sued, even if their decisions prove to be bad.
行政裁量有时候也被称为“自由裁量权的职能豁免”,这种豁免使官员们有了进行主观判断的空间,即使他们做出的决定(事后)被证明是错误的,他们也不必担心被卷进索赔诉讼中。 拓展知识:
①一个自由裁量权职能豁免的例子:韦科惨案—1993年联邦调查局(FBI)在德克萨斯州韦科(Waco)郊外的执法行动导致该宗教派别的74名成员死亡。联邦地方法院认为FBI的特工以及FBI作为联邦的机构是在法律允许的裁量范围内采取行动的。(对韦科惨案感兴趣的童鞋可以去看看Jason Van Vleet导演的纪录片Waco: A New Revelation《揭示韦科惨案》) ②一个相关概念:控方的自由裁量权(Prosecutorial discretion)在刑事案件中,检察官有权决定是否对犯罪嫌疑人提起公诉、进行控辩交易、就对被告人的量刑向法庭提出建议等。
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