如何实现“防止返贫”的长效性？——基于政企协同的角度

《财经研究》 2022年48卷第7期 页码：18 - 32  online：2022年7月1日

如何实现“防止返贫”的长效性？——基于政企协同的角度

How to Achieve the Long-term Mechanism of “Preventing Return-to-Poverty”? Synergistic Roles of Government and Enterprise

作者（中）：徐娟1, 童胡艺1, 徐久香2

作者（英）：Xu Juan1, Tong Huyi1, Xu Jiuxiang2

作者单位：1.中南财经政法大学 统计与数学学院, 湖北 武汉 430073 2.广东省社会科学院, 广东 广州 510610

摘要：我国目前已经基本取得了现行标准下的农村贫困人口全部脱贫和贫困县全部“摘帽”的伟大成就，但扶贫工作没有因此终结。其中，最为关键的一步就是需要构建“防止返贫”的长效机制，充分保障脱贫成效的可持续性，最终实现“防止返贫”的长效性。政府试图通过政策推动政企合作来实现这一目标，然而如何激发企业的内驱力和保持其扶贫行为的可持续性？较少有文献关注。文章通过构建政策导向影响路径和企业内驱力路径，基于稳定的政策和持续的企业帮扶行为，实现“防止返贫”的长效性。研究发现，企业积极响应政府政策，有利于取得扶贫成效，并显著提升企业价值，激发企业实施下一步的扶贫行为，从而形成长效机制。此外，在产业、就业、教育、生态及医疗帮扶方式中，产业帮扶和就业帮扶的效果更好。文章的结论说明国家政策具有引导作用，体现了扶贫表彰活动的积极影响以及对企业价值提升的重要作用。文章的结论也为进一步完善激励政策提供了参考依据。

关键词：“防止返贫”; 政企协同; 长效机制; 企业内驱力

Summary: General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee Xi Jinping first brought up the idea of “targeted poverty alleviation” in 2013, and the CPC Central Committee thereafter launched China’s poverty alleviation strategy. China secured a victory in the battle against extreme poverty in 2020. In 2021, the Chinese Central Government set up a five-year transition period in which counties removed from the poverty list are called to take actions to consolidate the achievement and avoid return-to-poverty. To secure a lasting success of the strategy, a long-term mechanism that operates both internally and externally needs to be implemented. Externally, government agencies and enterprises should maintain their current support policies and programs. Internally, counties alleviated from poverty should engage more in development-driven projects and diversify income-generating sources, thus residents in these counties can secure steady income. External support is instrumental during the transition period. Only with stable government and corporate assistance, can rural residents who are currently lifted out of poverty be incentivized to “learn how to fish” instead of “waiting to be fed with fish”, and be pulled out of poverty permanently. This empirical study examines external factors of the long-term mechanism of “preventing return-to-poverty” by analyzing the synergistic roles of government and enterprise.Taking China’s listed companies engaged in poverty alleviation projects from 2016 to 2019 as the analysis sample, this study constructs a policy impact pathway and an enterprise impact pathway. Under the policy impact pathway, enterprises respond actively to poverty alleviation policies and contribute to the implementation of the poverty alleviation strategy. Under the enterprise impact pathway, poverty alleviation measures also contribute to enterprises’ value boosting and motivate them to engage more in such practices. The combination of the two pathways forms the long-term mechanism of “preventing return-to-poverty”. Therefore, China needs to exert the instrumental role of poverty alleviation policies, and adjust such policies in accordance with the changing poverty alleviation environment. Meanwhile, governments’ recognition activities should be encouraged, corporate morale needs to be boosted, and further cooperation between government and enterprise is desired. In addition, industrial development-driven and employment-generating assistance proves to be more effective, hence more government policies and measures in these regards are called for.

Key words: preventing return-to-poverty; synergic roles of government and enterprise; long-term mechanism; enterprise internal drive

DOI：10.16538/j.cnki.jfe.20220316.403

收稿日期：2021-12-14

基金项目：国家社科基金重大项目（18ZDA051）；国家自然科学基金青年项目（71702192）；湖北省高等学校省级教学研究项目（2021168）；中南财经政法大学收入分配与现代财政学科创新引智基地项目（B20084）；中央高校基本科研业务费（202251306）

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