​研发效率、知识产权保护与经济繁荣

《财经研究》 2022年48卷第7期 页码：138 - 153  online：2022年7月1日

研发效率、知识产权保护与经济繁荣

R&D Efficiency, Intellectual Property Protection, and Economic Prosperity

作者（中）：贾宗穆, 张婧屹

作者（英）：Jia Zongmu, Zhang Jingyi

作者单位：1.上海财经大学 经济学院, 上海 200433

摘要：智能时代的到来意味着研发效率上升。文章区分了两类研发效率−创新效率和应用效率，分别对应知识积累和知识利用两个研发阶段，并探讨了研发效率冲击的宏观影响以及知识产权保护的作用。文章刻画创新型企业与模仿型企业之间的知识互动，构建了一个含有内生增长的两部门动态随机一般均衡（DSGE）模型。在模型中，创新型企业和模仿型企业分别雇用研发劳动积累知识和利用知识，知识产权保护使创新型企业能够获得模仿型企业支付的知识租金。文章的理论与实证分析表明：第一，正向的创新效率冲击通过鼓励创新型企业的知识积累活动，促进了全要素生产率和总产出持续加速增长，在中长期也有利于模仿型企业发展；第二，正向的应用效率冲击通过提高模仿型企业的知识利用率，在短期内提升了全要素生产率和总产出，但减缓了知识积累，使得中长期全要素生产率和总产出下降，从而阻碍了两类企业的中长期发展；第三，由应用效率推动的短期繁荣可能会损害经济增长潜力，加强知识产权保护可以有效避免这一风险。

关键词：研发效率; 知识产权保护; 经济增长潜力; 含有内生增长的模型

Summary: In recent years, representative technologies of the intelligent revolution, such as 5G, big data, and artificial intelligence, have gradually matured and started being applied on a large scale. The advent of the intelligent era implies increase in R&D efficiency of both technology innovation and technology application. From both empirical and theoretical perspectives, this paper explores the macroeconomic impact of R&D efficiency shocks and the role of intellectual property protection (IPP).This paper distinguishes the two types of R&D efficiency — innovation efficiency corresponding to technology innovation and application efficiency corresponding to technology application, and also the two types of firms — innovative firms that focus on knowledge accumulation and imitative firms that focus on knowledge utilization. Using Chinese provincial panel data from 2011 to 2017, the empirical analysis shows that: (1) Increase in innovation efficiency increases the future TFP growth rate, while IPP is not statistically significantly related to this positive effect. (2) Increase in application efficiency decreases the future TFP growth rate, and raising the IPP level weakens this negative effect.This paper then constructs a two-sector DSGE model with endogenous growth. In the model, innovative firms and imitative firms hire R&D labors to accumulate knowledge and to utilize knowledge respectively, and their R&D activities are subject to innovation efficiency shocks and application efficiency shocks respectively. Imitative firms can acquire knowledge of innovative firms in two ways, paying for the right to use knowledge or free access to spillover knowledge, and IPP enables innovative firms to obtain knowledge rents from imitative firms. By simulating the impact of R&D efficiency shocks in two levels of IPP, this paper obtains consistent results with the empirical analysis.Combining the empirical analysis and the theoretical model, this paper introduces the concept of “prosperity trap”, that is, short-term prosperity that overdraws the potential of economic growth, and emphasizes the fact that under positive application efficiency shocks, imitative firms would crowd out innovative firms’ R&D labor, leading to slower knowledge accumulation. Strengthening IPP can avoid the trap by increasing the knowledge rents from imitative firms to innovative firms.This paper has three main contributions: (1) It reveals the macroeconomic impact of R&D efficiency shocks and the heterogeneity, and also highlights the role of IPP under R&D efficiency shocks, while few existing literatures study IPP and R&D efficiency shocks simultaneously. (2) It innovatively introduces the concept of “prosperity trap”, which is an important phenomenon in development economics but has not been focused on as far as our best knowledge. (3) It is an extension for the literature related to DSGE models with endogenous growth, especially for the scarce Chinese literature. Allowing imitative firms to acquire knowledge of innovative firms in two ways is a key theoretical innovation.

Key words: R&D efficiency; intellectual property protection; economic growth potential; DSGE model with endogenous growth

DOI：10.16538/j.cnki.jfe.20220113.102

收稿日期：2021-9-6

基金项目：上海市教育委员会与上海教育发展基金会“晨光计划”项目（20CG45）；上海财经大学校级科研项目（2018110965）

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