工会与农民工居留意愿：兼析工会的双重职能悖论

《财经研究》 2022年48卷第10期 页码：123 - 137  online：2022年10月3日

工会与农民工居留意愿：兼析工会的双重职能悖论

Trade Unions and Migrant Workers’ Willingness to Stay in Cities: On the Paradox of Dual Functions of Trade Unions

作者（中）：崔亚东1 , 徐苏2 , 蒋耀辉2

作者（英）：Cui Yadong1, Xu Su2, Jiang Yaohui2 

作者单位：1. 上海财经大学 公共经济与管理学院，上海 200433; 2. 上海财经大学 商学院，上海 200433

摘要：促进农民工融入城市，对中国推进新型城镇化战略具有重要影响。鉴于中国工会的双重职能，文章使用文本分析和处理效应模型，从理论和实证两方面讨论了工会对农民工居留意愿的影响。研究结果表明：首先，农民工加入工会以后，其居留意愿得到明显提升。其次，异质性分析发现，相较于从事高技能工作、受雇于国有企业、高学历以及新生代的农民工，工会对从事低技能工作、受雇于私营企业、低学历以及老一代农民工居留意愿的影响更为明显。最后，机制分析表明，通过发挥维权和维稳的双重职能，维护农民工劳动权益并增强农民工的社会融入感，是工会提升农民工居留意愿的有效途径。因此，继续加强工会职能发挥，并关注综合素质较低群体的居留意愿，是提升农民工居留意愿的有效手段。文章的研究一方面证明了工会的双重职能并不冲突，另一方面也补充了从工会组织视角考察农民工居留意愿的文献。

关键词：工会; 农民工; 居留意愿; 双重职能 

Summary:  China’s 14th Five-Year Plan emphasizes that it is necessary to speed up the urbanization of agricultural migrants and promote their comprehensive integration into cities and the high-quality development of new urbanization. Therefore, in order to promote migrant workers’ urbanization, it is particularly urgent to effectively enhance their willingness to stay in cities. Based on the Chinese trade unions’ dual functions of safeguarding rights and maintaining stability, this paper discusses the impact of trade unions on migrant workers’ willingness to stay in cities and its mechanism from theoretical and empirical aspects by using trade-unions-related policy documents, media reports and CMDS（2017）. The results show that: First, trade unions can significantly increase the possibility of migrant workers’ willingness to stay in cities. Second, the impact of trade unions on migrant workers’ willingness to stay in cities is more significant for people with low-skilled jobs, in private enterprises, of low education and of the older generation. Third, trade unions can increase the possibility of migrant workers’ willingness to stay in cities by safeguarding their labor rights and interests and enhancing their sense of social integration. The possible contributions are as follows: First, based on multiple source data, this paper uses textual analysis and empirical test to discuss the impact of trade unions on migrant workers’ willingness to stay in cities. Second, this paper proves that the dual functions of trade unions can play a role in coordination rather than conflict. Third, existing studies rarely discuss migrant workers’ willingness to stay in cities from the perspective of trade unions. This paper discusses migrant workers’ willingness to stay in cities from the perspective of trade unions, which not only enriches the literature in related research fields, but also provides new ideas for enhancing migrant workers’ willingness to stay in cities and accelerating the development of China’s new urbanization strategy. In order to enhance migrant workers’ willingness to stay in cities, this paper suggests that: First, trade unions should attract more migrant workers to join it and also strengthen the protection of migrant workers’ labor rights. Second, trade unions should carry out various activities to promote communication, so as to enhance migrant workers’ sense of social integration. Third, trade unions should attach importance to migrant workers with low-skilled jobs, in private enterprises, of low education and of the older generation.

Key words: trade unions; migrant workers; willingness to stay in cities; dual functions

DOI：0.16538/j.cnki.jfe.20220714.402

收稿日期：2022-04-06

基金项目：国家社会科学基金重大项目（22ZDA049）；山东省自然科学基金项目（ZR2019MG035）

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