共同富裕目标下劳动生产率与劳动报酬同步提高的实现——市场化改革抑或劳动保护？

Realization of the Synchronous Growth of Labor Productivity and Labor Remuneration under the Goal of Common Prosperity: Market-oriented Reform or Labor Protection?

《财经研究》2023年49卷第1期 页码：4 - 18,33 online：2023年1月3日

作者

中：韩雷1 , 冯彤1 , 刘长庚2

英：Han Lei1, Feng Tong1, Liu Changgeng2

作者单位：1. 湘潭大学 商学院，湖南 湘潭 411105; 2. 湖南财政经济学院 经济学院，湖南 长沙 410205

摘要及关键词

摘要：新时代中国特色社会主义市场经济更加强调经济发展和全社会共同富裕的高质量发展。目前，我国企业实现高质量发展面临的一个重要问题是劳动者的贡献与其报酬增长的同步程度过低，这已经影响了共同富裕的实现。为此，文章检验了我国工业企业劳动生产率、全要素生产率与劳动报酬提高的同步程度，重点讨论了市场化改革和劳动保护对实现同步提高的不同影响效果。研究发现：我国工业企业劳动生产率与劳动报酬提高的同步程度较低，不到31%；全要素生产率与劳动报酬提高的同步程度相对较高，但也不到50%。市场化改革和劳动保护是提高同步程度的两条主要路径。在市场化改革较为深入的情况下，最低工资能更好地促进同步提高。相比较来说，市场化改革能拉平企业间的工资差距，最低工资在短期内增加了企业退出概率、资本替代劳动的附加效应，从而降低了就业率。当前，为了提高劳动生产率和劳动报酬增长的同步程度，应继续深化市场化改革，通过低成本的市场流动和就业转换实现劳动贡献和劳动报酬一致；逐步健全劳动保护机制，“量力而行”不搞“冒进”，与市场化改革匹配形成合力。

关键词：生产率；劳动报酬；同步提高；市场化改革；劳动保护

Summary: Improving the degree of economic development achievements shared by employees helps to promote the realization of common prosperity and high-quality economic development. The synchronous growth of labor productivity and labor remuneration is an important aspect for employees to share the achievements of economic development. At present, Chinese enterprises are facing the problem of low synchronization between the contribution of workers and their remuneration growth, which has influenced the realization of common prosperity. This paper combs the theoretical logic of the synchronous growth of labor productivity and labor remuneration, tests the synchronous growth degree of Chinese industrial enterprises, and finally discusses the path to improve the degree of synchronization. The results show that, theoretically, labor productivity and labor remuneration may achieve synchronous growth in a perfectly competitive market. The labor productivity and labor remuneration of Chinese industrial enterprises have not completely achieved synchronous growth. The synchronization of total factor productivity and labor remuneration growth is higher than that of labor productivity and labor remuneration growth, which are 46.4% and 27.4% respectively. Under the condition of higher market competition, the degree of synchronous growth of labor productivity and labor remuneration is higher; in addition, enterprises adopting a performance-linked remuneration system have a higher synchronous degree. Market-oriented reform and labor protection are two paths to improve the synchronous degree, and the two can form a joint force to improve the synchronization degree of labor productivity and labor remuneration growth. That is, in the case of more in-depth market-oriented reform, the minimum wage can better promote the synchronous growth. In addition, market-oriented reform can flatten the wage gap among enterprises. The minimum wage increases the probability of enterprise exit and the additional effect of capital replacing labor in the short term, thus reducing the employment rate and accelerating the exit of low-skilled employees from the labor market. The contributions of this paper are as follows: First, it measures the long-term synchronization degree between labor productivity and labor remuneration growth. In the long run, the synchronization degree between the two is relatively low, reaching only 27.41%-30.56%. Second, along the two paths of market-oriented reform and labor protection, it discusses how to improve the degree of synchronization. It is found that both of them can improve the degree of synchronization, and when the degree of marketization is high, labor protection can better improve the degree of synchronization. Based on the above conclusions, this paper suggests that we should continue to deepen the market-oriented reform, and raise the minimum wage standard to protect employees when the market-oriented reform has achieved certain results and employees have better external employment opportunities, so as to form a joint force to better promote the the synchronous growth of labor productivity and labor remuneration.

Key words:productivity; labor remuneration; synchronous growth; market-oriented reform; labor protection

其他信息

DOI：10.16538/j.cnki.jfe.20220615.201

收稿日期：2021-12-01

基金项目：国家社会科学基金重大项目（18ZDA065）

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