自动化技术应用与企业人力资本结构——基于供应链视角的研究

Application of Automation Technology and Human Capital Structure of Enterprises: From the Perspective of Supply Chain

《财经研究》2023年49卷第7期 页码：4 - 18 online：2023年7月3日

作者

中：吴一平 , 陈家和 , 李鹏飞

英：Wu Yiping, Chen Jiahe, Li Pengfei

作者单位：上海财经大学 公共经济与管理学院，上海 200433

摘要及关键词

摘要：当前，工业自动化技术在我国正被广泛应用，这会对企业人力资本结构产生深远影响。文章利用2015—2019年上市公司采购自动化产品的数据，从供应链视角研究了自动化技术应用对企业人力资本结构的影响。结果显示，对于采购自动化产品的企业，其人力资本结构显著改善。机制检验表明，这种改善效应的大小取决于企业采购的自动化产品类型，只有采购集成型自动化产品，才能显著改善企业人力资本结构，采购基础型自动化产品的作用效果则不明显。异质性分析表明，这种人力资本结构改善效应在供应商是自动化产品生产商、供应商与下游企业的地理距离较短的情况下，以及高管受教育程度较高或竞争性行业的企业中更加显著。文章还发现，自动化技术应用显著改善了下游上市公司的经营绩效。文章的研究为利用自动化技术帮助企业提质降本增效以及提升我国智能制造水平提供了经验证据。

关键词：自动化技术；人力资本结构；供应链

Summary: Industrial automation technology is currently being widely used in China, but the application effect is affected by the human capital structure of enterprises. Using data on the procurement of automation products by listed companies from 2015-2019, this paper investigates the impact mechanism of automation technology application on the human capital structure of enterprises based on a supply chain perspective. The empirical results show that there is a significant positive correlation between supplier automation technology and human capital structure. Furthermore, this paper empirically investigates the influence mechanism of automation technology application. The automation products are divided into basic automation products and integrated automation products, and the differentiated influence of different types of automation technology on human capital structure is discussed. The results show that the above human capital structure enhancement effect depends on the type of automation products procured. Only the procurement of integrated automation products can significantly enhance human capital structure, while the effect of the procurement of basic automation products is not significant. Further heterogeneity analysis shows that the above human capital structure enhancement effect is mainly concentrated in enterprises whose suppliers have entered the automation industry for a relatively long time, whose suppliers are manufacturers of automation products, and whose suppliers have a relatively short geographical distance from downstream enterprises. In addition, the above human capital structure enhancement effect is greater in non-state-owned enterprises, enterprises with highly-educated executives, and enterprises in competitive industries. The application of automation technology also significantly improves the business performance of downstream listed companies. The contributions of this paper are as follows: First, it focuses on the substitution and complementarity between heterogeneous automation technology and different types of labor under the “capital-skill complementarity” hypothesis, which clearly identifies the differential impact of automation technology application on labor demand, and supplements the existing literature on the economic impact of automation technology. Second, it identifies the scale and internal structure of automation technology application using automation supplier lists and automation product information, which provides a new perspective and approach for automation technology identification. In addition, this paper has certain policy implications: Local governments need to nurture automation product suppliers, especially those with integrated automation products, gather high-end talents for enterprises through various policies and services, and address the issue of re-employment of low-skilled labor properly.

Key words:automation technology; human capital structure; supply chain

其他信息

DOI：10.16538/j.cnki.jfe.20230221.301

收稿日期：2022-09-21

基金项目： 国家自然科学基金项目（71673174）

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