农村“政经分离”改革的收入效应——来自农村集体经济组织数据的证据

Income Effect of Rural “Separation of Politics and Economy” Reform: Evidence from Data of Rural Collective Economic Organizations

《财经研究》2023年49卷第10期 页码：49 - 63 online：2023年10月3日

作者

中：周力 , 李嘉雯 , 邵俊杰

英：Zhou Li, Li Jiawen, Shao Junjie

作者单位：南京农业大学 经济管理学院，江苏 南京 210095

摘要及关键词

摘要：“政经分离”改革是影响农村集体经济发展壮大的重要举措。文章利用2021年江苏省2090家农村集体经济组织数据，使用2SLS模型分析了“政经分离”改革对农村集体经济发展的影响及机制。研究表明，“政经分离”改革整体上提高了村集体经济发展水平，并且多种稳健性检验均支持这一结论。机制分析发现，“政经分离”改革能够通过提高经营管理效率和促进产业发展来推动村集体经济发展。进一步分析发现，“政经分离”存在着“马太效应”：中高收入村实行“政经分离”的增收效果显著，而低收入村增收作用不明显。异质性分析表明，县财政支农力度和村财务监督制度能够显著提升“政经分离”改革效果。研究结论深化了“政经分离”改革影响村集体经济的认识，这不仅为发展壮大集体经济提供理论和实证支持，还为优化“政经分离”改革提供经验证据。

关键词：“政经分离”；农村集体经济；收入效应

Summary: The “separation of politics and economy” reform stands as a critical measure affecting the development and growth of the rural collective economy, aiming to professionalize the functions of rural collective economic organizations and stimulate operational vitality. However, the impact of the “separation of politics and economy” reform on rural collective economy development and its constraining conditions remains unexplored from an empirical perspective. This paper uses data from 2090 rural collective economic organizations in Jiangsu Province in 2021. It analyzes the effect and mechanism of the “separation of politics and economy” reform on rural collective economy development with the 2SLS model. The results show that the reform, on the whole, enhances the development level of the rural collective economy, mainly by improving operational and managerial efficiency and promoting industrial development. Further analysis reveals that there is a “Matthew effect”: The income increase effect of the “separation of politics and economy” reform in high-income villages is significant, while that in low-income villages is not obvious, which ultimately leads to the widening of the development gap between the two. Heterogeneity analysis shows that the county’s financial support for agriculture and the village’s financial supervision system can significantly improve the effectiveness of the “separation of politics and economy” reform. The marginal contributions of this paper are as follows: (1) Existing research mainly relies on case studies to explore the relationship between the “separation of politics and economy” reform and the rural collective economy, lacking a corresponding empirical test. By combining theoretical and practical investigations, this paper provides an overview of the current situation of the reform and presents the first empirical evidence of its impact on the rural collective economy. (2) This paper examines two channels through which the reform affects the rural collective economy: operational and managerial efficiency and industrial development. (3) Considering the heterogeneity of rural economic strength and policy institutions, this paper analyzes the emergence of the “Matthew effect” during the reform process. The findings deepen the understanding of the impact of the reform on the rural collective economy, and provide theoretical and empirical support for the development of the collective economy and empirical evidence for the optimization of the reform.

Key words:“separation of politics and economy”; rural collective economy; income effect

其他信息

DOI：10.16538/j.cnki.jfe.20230715.401

收稿日期：2023-03-13

基金项目：国家社会科学基金重大项目 （19ZDA117）；国家自然科学基金应急项目 （72141011）；南京农业大学金善宝农业现代化发展研究院2021年度智库研究课题 （YZKKT2021005）

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