农村金融机构数字化转型与金融服务质效

Digital Transformation of Rural Financial Institutions and the Quality and Effectiveness of Financial Services

《财经研究》2024年50卷第1期 页码：64-78 online：2024年1月3日

作者

中：亓浩1 , 周月书1 , 何立峰2

英：Qi Hao1, Zhou Yueshu1, He Lifeng2

作者单位：1. 南京农业大学 金融学院，江苏 南京 210095; 2. 青岛大学 商学院，山东 青岛 266071

摘要及关键词

摘要：文章基于网络爬虫技术构建了农村金融机构数字化转型指数，并利用1700家农村金融机构数据，探究了其数字化转型对农村金融服务质效的影响。研究发现，数字化转型显著促进了农村金融机构的涉农贷款投放，扩大了信贷覆盖面，优化了信用及中长期贷款占比，从而提升了农村金融服务质效。其中的作用机制是，数字化转型显著降低了农村金融机构发放涉农贷款的信用风险和服务成本，提升了其从事涉农贷款业务的边际利润。异质性分析表明，数字鸿沟会制约数字化转型效果，农村金融机构所在地区的网络基础设施越落后、人力资本水平越低，数字化转型对农村金融服务质效的提升作用越小。此外，在农村金融服务增量扩面的过程中，涉农贷款利率保持平稳，没有出现显著变化。文章的研究凸显了数字化转型对农村金融机构的赋能作用，为加快农村金融机构数字化转型提供了学术支持。

关键词：数字化转型；农村金融服务；涉农贷款；农村金融机构

Summary: The digital transformation of financial institutions has accelerated in recent years. Whether rural finance, as a weakly developed segment in China’s financial system, can seize the major opportunity of digital financial transformation to achieve transformation and upgrading, so as to better serve agriculture, the countryside, and farmers, has attracted attention from all parties. This paper constructs a digital transformation index for rural financial institutions by web crawlers and explores the impact of digital transformation on the quality and efficiency of rural financial services using data from 1700 rural financial institutions. It is found that digital transformation significantly promotes the agriculture-related loans of rural financial institutions, expands the credit coverage, and optimizes the proportion of credit and medium and long-term loans, thus improving the quality and efficiency of rural financial services. Heterogeneity analysis shows that the more backward the network infrastructure and the lower the level of human capital in the areas where rural financial institutions are located, the smaller the role of digital transformation in improving the quality and efficiency of rural financial services. This paper has the following contributions: First, it explores the role of the digital transformation of financial institutions on the distribution of credit funds between the two sectors in the equilibrium state, providing a theoretical basis for the digital transformation of financial institutions to improve the credit situation of the agricultural sector. Second, it explores the impact of digital transformation on the credit structure of rural financial institutions and empirically examines the role of digital transformation on the credit risk of rural financial institutions and the cost of loan services. Third, it shows that promoting the digital transformation of rural financial institutions helps to improve financial services in rural areas, and has policy implications for guiding rural financial institutions to return to their roots and enhancing financial inclusion in rural areas. The policy implications of this paper are as follows: First, the digital transformation of rural financial institutions should be actively promoted, so as to change the high cost and low efficiency of the traditional rural financial system and deepen the supply-side reform of rural finance. Second, the construction of digital infrastructure in rural areas should be strengthened, so as to promote the deep integration of broadband networks and mobile Internet into the life of farmers. Third, top-level designs should be strengthened and the data barriers between various departments and organizations within agriculture and rural areas should be broken down, so as to effectively integrate data on rural land ownership, land transfer, agricultural subsidies, taxation, insurance, and rural construction projects, and enhance the opening up and sharing of data while safeguarding privacy and security.

Key words: digital transformation; rural financial services; agriculture-related loans; rural financial institutions

其他信息

DOI：10.16538/j.cnki.jfe.20231019.102

收稿日期：2023-03-27

基金项目：国家自然科学基金青年项目（72203097）；国家自然科学基金面上项目（72173064）；教育部人文社会科学研究青年项目（22YJC790094）；中国博士后科学基金面上项目（2023M731721）；中央高校基本科研业务费项目（KYQN2023013）

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