纪实 | “声名狼藉”的美国联邦最高法院大法官：鲁思·巴德·金斯伯格
Journalism Professors Create a Portrait of Ruth Bader Ginsburg in New Documentary
她两次战胜癌症，但未曾缺席一天工作。她说：“只要我还能全力以赴，我便会继续坚守大法官的使命。”
今年3月，美国联邦最高法院大法官、哥伦比亚大学法学院校友鲁斯·巴德·金斯伯格（LAW '59）将度过她的85岁生日，但是她的精力却仍像40多岁的人一样充沛。在教练的陪伴下，她每周都会去最高法院的健身房锻炼两次，坚持做俯卧撑、平板支撑、还有举重。她经常去往各地进行演讲，参加歌剧节，甚至还在2016年华盛顿国家歌剧院出品的《军中女郎》中扮演了一个配角。
U.S. Supreme Court Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg (LAW ’59) turns 85 in March but has the energy of someone half her age. She works out twice a week with a trainer in the Supreme Court gym, doing pushups and planks, and lifting weights; travels extensively for speaking engagements and opera festivals, and had a small speaking role in a 2016 Washington National Opera production of The Daughter of the Regiment.
今年1月，金斯伯格在圣丹斯国际电影节上备受瞩目。在电影节上，她观看了纪录片《RBG》的首映。这部讲述了她人生故事的纪录片由贝特西·韦斯特和朱莉·科恩导演。贝特西·韦斯特是哥伦比亚大学新闻学院新闻与社会专业实践Fred W. Friendly讲席教授，朱莉·科恩（JRN '89）是哥伦比亚大学新闻学院纪录片项目的兼职教授。
This January, she was a star at the Sundance Film Festival, where she watched the premiere of RBG, a documentary about her life that was co-directed by Betsy West, Fred W. Friendly Professor of Professional Practice in Media and Society at Columbia’s Journalism School, and Julie Cohen (JRN’89), an adjunct in the school’s documentary program.
金斯伯格是继桑德拉·戴·奥康纳之后，第二位被提名为最高法院大法官的女性。同时，她也是现今任期最长的法官。她曾是一名性别权益律师，并曾积极对抗性别歧视。1972年，她在美国民权同盟创立了女性权利项目。1972年至1980年，她曾是哥大法学院的一名教授，是哥大法学院第一个获得终身教职的女性。1980年，她被提名为美国哥伦比亚特区联邦巡回上诉法院法官。1993年，她被提名为美国最高法院大法官。在她近25年的大法官生涯中，她因在男女同工同酬、投票权、生育自主权等问题上持激烈的批评意见而闻名。2015年，她又因传记《声名狼藉的鲁思·巴德·金斯伯格》受到公众广泛认可。声名狼藉是粉丝们对她的爱称。
She was the second woman named to the Supreme Court, after Sandra Day O’Connor, and today is the longest-serving Justice. She was a lawyer fought gender discrimination for years before she was named to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit in 1980 and the Supreme Court in 1993. She founded the Women’s Rights Project at the American Civil Liberties Union in 1972 and was the first woman to be a tenured professor at Columbia Law School, where she taught from 1972 until 1980. In her nearly 25 years on the Supreme Court, Ginsburg has become known for her impassioned dissents in cases involving equal pay, voting rights, access to contraception, and abortion rights, among other things. She came to be widely embraced as the Notorious RBG, the title of a 2015 biography inspired by a fan blog on Tumblr.
韦斯特教授：就算金斯伯格没有成为最高法院大法官，她为争取女性权益和性别平等所做的贡献也依旧会让她在历史上留下浓墨重彩的一笔。而站在她今天这个位置，她所做的一切便有了更为深刻的意义。
Professor West: Had she not been a Supreme Court Justice, she would still have a big place in history for what she did for women’s rights and for gender equality. Her Supreme Court chapter makes it all the more relevant today.
”这部纪录片的开始，金斯伯格望向镜头，引用19世纪废奴、女权主义者萨拉·摩尔·格里姆克的一句话：“我不求女性能获得额外的好处。我只求男性将脚从我们的脖子上挪开。”在1993年的参议院就职听证会上，当金斯伯格被问及她对女性权益的看法时，她就曾引用过这句话。
The documentary begins with Ginsburg looking straight into the camera as she quotes 19th century abolitionist and feminist Sarah Moore Grimké, “I ask no favor for my sex. All I ask of our brethren is that they take their feet off our necks,” words she also quoted in her 1993 Senate confirmation hearing, after she was asked about her views on women’s rights.
在制作这部纪录片时，韦斯特教授和科恩教授采访了20多位金斯伯格的朋友、同事及家庭成员，其中包括1993年提名她的美国前总统比尔·克林顿，以及前犹他州参议员奥林·哈奇。在当时，哈奇是参议院司法委员会排名第二的共和党人。
In producing the film, West and Cohen interviewed more than two dozen of Ginsburg’s friends, associates and family members, as well as former President Bill Clinton, who nominated her to the Supreme Court in 1993, and Senator Orrin Hatch (R-Utah), who was the ranking Republican on the Senate Judiciary Committee at the time.
金斯伯格的孩子们也接受了采访。她的女儿简·金斯伯格是哥大法学院文学艺术产权法Morton L. Janklow讲席教授，她的儿子詹姆斯是芝加哥的一位古典音乐制作人。他们回忆了金斯伯格作为母亲的许多故事。
Ginsburg’s children, Jane Ginsburg, the Morton L. Janklow Professor of Literary and Artistic Property Law at Columbia Law School, and James, a classical music producer in Chicago, are also interviewed, recalling what she was like as a mother.
“她是大家的偶像，人们十分爱戴她。但是，她的许多故事仍不为人知，她的忠实粉丝也并不了解，”科恩教授谈到。“人们也不太了解她的爱情故事，”韦斯特补充道。“她很早就结婚了，她的丈夫非常支持她的事业。尽管她的丈夫事业也十分成功，但当她将要成为一名联邦法官、有可能成为大法官时，她的丈夫便在事业上退后一步，以支持她的工作。”
“She’s this huge icon, people really love her, yet there’s this amazing back story that people just don’t know, even her big fans don’t understand the history,” said Cohen. “The other part of the story that people don’t know is a love story,” added West. “She had a surprisingly supportive husband whom she married as a very young woman, who was successful in his own right but ultimately stepped back from his career when it became clear that she was on a trajectory to become a federal judge and possibly a Justice.”
当金斯伯格在圣丹斯电影节第一次观看这个纪录片时，韦斯特教授和科恩教授坐在过道对面。金斯伯格并没有要求提前观看这部纪录片。当纪录片开始时，背景音乐是罗西尼的作品《塞维利亚的理发师》中的音乐，她们听到了金斯伯格对她旁边的朋友说：“嗯，我喜欢这个音乐。”她们看着她大笑，偶尔用纸巾擦了自己的眼睛。在映后的问答环节中，金斯伯格表示，她被这部纪录片感动了。
West and Cohen sat across the aisle while Ginsburg watched their film for the first time at Sundance; she hadn’t asked to see it before. When it started, with the overture to Rossini’s Barber of Seville in the background, they heard her whisper to the friend sitting next to her, “Well, I like the music.” They watched as she laughed, and occasionally dabbed her eyes with a tissue. In a question and answer session afterward, Ginsburg said she was moved by the film.
影片以金斯伯格在1993年就职听证会中的一个片段作为结尾。“自由精神深深地影响着美国的宪法，而这必须成为这个伟大国家人民心中最重要的精神。在这个国家，最弱小和最强大群体的（心声和愿望）都会得到倾听、给予考量。”她引用了勒恩德·汉德的名言，他是20世纪初一位著名的的联邦法官。她继而补充道，“只要我继续服务于司法，我将会将这点牢记于心。”
The film ends with a clip from Ginsburg’s 1993 confirmation hearing. “The spirit of liberty that imbues our constitution must reside first and foremost in the hearts of the men and women who compose this great nation, a community where the least shall be heard and considered side-by-side with the greatest,” she said, quoting Learned Hand, a renowned federal judge of the early 20th century. “I will keep that wisdom in the front of my mind as long as I am capable of judicial service,” Ginsburg added.
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编译：忆念
责编：翩跹