城市河流的重生 | Sasaki的环境可持续设计回顾
关于 Sasaki
Sasaki由佐佐木英夫于1953年创立。创新、协作和不断学习是Sasaki建立的原则基础。在当地社区、整个美国、和全球都遍布着Sasaki的规划项目。Sasaki一直致力于创造永恒的空间来加强公共区域、彰显环境特点、增加经济价值并推动社会互动。设计坚持将每个项目放入其文化、历史、地理、环境、社会和经济的大环境中。
01 芝加哥滨河步道
Chicago Riverwalk Expansion
二期开放: 2015年5月
三期开放: 2016年10月
规划设计: Sasaki
地点: 美国
规模: 1.4公顷
图片: 由Sasaki提供
Phase Two: completed May 2015
Phase Three: completed October 2016
Planning: Sasaki
Location: USA
Scale: 1.4 hectares
Images: Courtesy of Sasaki
视频 Video
https://v.qq.com/txp/iframe/player.html?width=500&height=375&auto=0&vid=w074240a354
芝加哥河主干有着悠久且丰富的历史，它在很多方面呈现了芝加哥城市本身的发展。芝加哥河以前是一条蜿蜒的沼泽，后来被硬化改造为工程河道以支持城市向工业型转换。为了改善卫生情况，城市将河流主干与南边分支水流方向倒转，在此之后，建筑师与城市设计师丹尼尔·伯纳姆提出了滨河步道与瓦克道高架桥的新愿景。近十年来，河流所扮演的角色随着芝加哥滨河项目再次转换——重拾芝加哥河的城市生态与休闲效益。
The Main Branch of the Chicago River has a long and storied history that in many ways mirrors the development of Chicago itself. Once a meandering marshy stream, the river first became an engineered channel to support the industrial transformation of the city. Following the famed reversal of the river, in which the city reversed the flow of the Main Branch and South Branch to improve sanitation, architect and urban planner Daniel Burnham introduced a new civic vision of riverside promenades with the addition of the Wacker Drive viaduct. Over the last decade, the role of the river has been evolving with the Chicago Riverwalk project—an initiative to reclaim the Chicago River for the ecological, recreational and economic benefit of the city.
©Christian Philips, Images Courtesy of Sasaki
几年前，由于河流的重度污染，滨河休闲是遥不可及的目标。但今天这个愿景成为现实。在水质方面的最新进展以及沿河公共休闲使用强度的提升都体现了滨河生活的增加，呼唤通向水岸的新的连接。响应这些号召，芝加哥交通部开始实施滨河步道项目，用新空间充实系统的各个部分，其中包括非常成功的退伍军人纪念广场与沃巴什广场。
The goal of embracing the river as a recreational amenity seemed impossible years ago given the river's high levels of pollution. But today that vision is becoming a reality. Recent improvements in river water quality and the increased intensity of public recreational use signal growing life along the river, demanding new connections to the water's edge. Accordingly, the Chicago Department of Transportation and Ross Barney Architects led Phase One of the Riverwalk, an initial segment that includes Veteran’s Memorial Plaza and the Bridgehouse Museum Plaza.
©Christian Philips, Images Courtesy of Sasaki
2012年，Sasaki、罗斯巴尼建筑事务所、阿尔弗雷德本纳什工程公司以及广泛的技术顾问团队合作，任务是为州街与湖街之间的六个街区创造愿景。在先前河流研究的基础上，此团队提出的芝加哥滨河概念规划在湖泊与城市步行系统，以及河流在城市中的支流之间提供了最后的关键连接。
In 2012, the team of Sasaki, Ross Barney Architects, Alfred Benesch Engineers, and Jacobs/Ryan Associates, supported by technical consultants, was tasked with completing the vision for Phases Two and Three: six blocks between State Street and Lake Street. Building off the previous studies of the river, the team’s plans provide a pedestrian connection along the river between the lake and the river’s confluence.
六种街区形态 Six blocks typologies
总平面图 Plan
Images Courtesy of Sasaki
此任务在技术上面临极大挑战。设计团队需要在局限的7.6米宽的建成区扩展步行项目空间并与街区间一系列穿过桥下的区域协调。除此之外，设计还需要适应河流每年的洪水涨落，竖向高度差近两米。
将这些挑战变成机遇，团队为此线性公园提出了新的思路。取代以建筑为导向的充满直角拐弯的步道，将步道视为一个相对独立的系统——通过自身形态的变化，促进形成一系列与河相连的全新功能联系。新的连接使得滨河生活更加丰富多彩，每个街区都呈现出不同形态，代表以河流为基础的一种功能。
The task at hand was technically challenging. The design team, for instance, needed to work within a tight permit-mandated 25-foot-wide build-out area to expand the pedestrian program spaces and negotiate a series of under-bridge connections between blocks. Further, the design had to account for the river’s annual flood dynamics of nearly seven vertical feet.
Turning these challenges into opportunities, the team imagined new ways of thinking about this linear park. Rather than a path composed of 90-degree turns, the team reconceived of the path as a more independent system—one that, through changes in its shape and form, would drive a series of new programmatic connections to the river. With new connections that enrich and diversify life along the river, each block takes on the form and program of a different river-based typology.
码头广场区域平面 Marina Area Plan
Images Courtesy of Sasaki
码头广场：
餐厅与露天座椅使人们可以观赏河流上动态场景，包括驳船航行、消防部门巡逻、水上的士和观光船。
The Marina Plaza:
Restaurants and outdoor seating provide views of vibrant life on the water, including passing barges, patrols, water taxis, and sightseeing boats.
▼竖向高差近两米的场地 Nearly two vertical meters
©Christian Philips, Images Courtesy of Sasaki
©Christian Philips, Images Courtesy of Sasaki
©Christian Philips, Images Courtesy of Sasaki
©Christian Philips, Images Courtesy of Sasaki
©Christian Philips, Images Courtesy of Sasaki
©Christian Philips, Images Courtesy of Sasaki
©Christian Philips, Images Courtesy of Sasaki
©Christian Philips, Images Courtesy of Sasaki
©Christian Philips, Images Courtesy of Sasaki
L&R: ©Christian Philips, Images Courtesy of Sasaki
©Christian Philips, Images Courtesy of Sasaki
小河湾区域平面图 Cove Area Plan
Images Courtesy of Sasaki
小河湾：
租赁与存放皮划艇与独木舟， 通过休闲活动将人与水真切地联系起来。
The Cove:
Kayak rentals and docking for human-powered crafts provide physical connections to the water through recreation.
©Christian Philips, Images Courtesy of Sasaki
©Christian Philips, Images Courtesy of Sasaki
©Christian Philips, Images Courtesy of Sasaki
©Christian Philips, Images Courtesy of Sasaki
©Christian Philips, Images Courtesy of Sasaki
©Christian Philips, Images Courtesy of Sasaki
©Christian Philips, Images Courtesy of Sasaki
©Christian Philips, Images Courtesy of Sasaki
©Christian Philips, Images Courtesy of Sasaki
©Christian Philips, Images Courtesy of Sasaki
L&R: ©Christian Philips, Images Courtesy of Sasaki
河滨剧院区域平面 River Theater Area Plan
Images Courtesy of Sasaki
河滨剧院：
连接上瓦克和河滨的雕塑般的阶梯为人们到达河滨提供了步行联系，周边的树木提供绿色与遮荫。
The River Theater:
A sculptural staircase linking Upper Wacker and the Riverwalk offers pedestrian connectivity to the water’s edge and seating, while trees provide greenery and shade.
©Kate Joyce, Images Courtesy of Sasaki
©Kate Joyce, Images Courtesy of Sasaki
©Kate Joyce, Images Courtesy of Sasaki
©Kate Joyce, Images Courtesy of Sasaki
©Kate Joyce, Images Courtesy of Sasaki
©Kate Joyce, Images Courtesy of Sasaki
水广场：水景设施为孩子与家庭提供了一个在河边与水互动的机会。
The Water Plaza: A water feature offers an opportunity for children and families to engage with water at the river’s edge.
Images Courtesy of Sasaki
码头区域平面图 Jetty Area Plan
Images Courtesy of Sasaki
码头：
一系列码头与浮岛湿地花园为人们了解河流生态提供了互动的学习环境，包括钓鱼与认识本土植物的机会。
The Jetty:
A series of piers and floating wetland gardens offers an interactive learning environment about the ecology of the river, including opportunities for fishing and identifying native plants.
©Christian Philips, Images Courtesy of Sasaki
L&R: ©Christian Philips, Images Courtesy of Sasaki
©Christian Philips, Images Courtesy of Sasaki
河堤：无障碍步道与全新的滨水边缘创造出通向湖街的连续体验，并在关键的交叉路口为未来开发建立背景。
作为一个全新的联系步道系统，概念性规划框架为公园游客提供不间断步行体验。每个类型空间不同的功能与形态使它们可以提供滨河的多样体验，从餐饮、大规模公众活动，到全新划艇项目设施。同时，设计材料与细节沿整个项目长度提供视觉上的统一。例如，铺面体现背景现状的对比：精致的切石沿典雅的学院风格瓦克高架道路与桥屋建筑铺展开，而低层竖向与钢筋出露的桥梁下方由坚实的预制板环绕。
The Riverbank: An accessible walkway and new marine edge creates continuous access to Lake Street and sets the scene for future development in this critical space at the confluence.
As a new connected path system, the Chicago Riverwalk design provides both continuity and variety for a park visitor. The distinct programs and forms of each typological space allow for diverse experiences on the river ranging from dining opportunities to expansive public event programming to new amenities for human-powered craft. At the same time, design materials, details, and repeated forms provide visual cohesion along the entire length of the project. Paving, for instance, mirrors the contrasts of the existing context: A refined cut stone follows the elegant Beaux-Arts Wacker viaduct and bridgehouse architecture, while a more rugged precast plank flanks the lower elevations and underside of the exposed steel bridges.
码头区生态策略 Ecological strategy：
植物种植递进层次：耐淹植物 - 挺水植物 - 沉水植物
Inundation tolerant - Emergent - Submergent
Images Courtesy of Sasaki
活动类型从户外学习课堂到水边的钓鱼活动
Areas for educational opportunity - Environmental graphics - Fishing
Images Courtesy of Sasaki
02 林肯纪念堂景观与倒影池
Lincoln Memorial Reflecting Pool
完成时间: 2012年
规划设计: Sasaki
地点: 美国
规模: 30英亩
图片: 由Sasaki提供
Completed: 2012
Planning: Sasaki
Location: USA
Scale: 30 acres
Images: Courtesy of Sasaki
林肯纪念堂于1922年首次开放，国家广场在填平的土地上扩展2500英尺向西面波托马克方向延伸， 创造出壮观的全新国家景观。今天，林肯纪念堂与倒影池广场是美国最具标志性的景观之一。但是，随着21世纪的到来，这处著名的市政景观迎来众多新的挑战。
When the Lincoln Memorial opened in 1922, the National Mall was extended 2,500 feet westward toward the Potomac on filled land, creating a significant new national landscape. Today, the grounds of the Lincoln Memorial and Reflecting Pool constitute one of the most iconic and recognizable landscapes in the country. However, the 21stcentury has introduced extraordinary new demands on this prominent civic landscape.
每年超过450万游客的访问量，对基地的使用已经大大超出当初设计的极限，为景观、道路与其它步行区域带来过大负荷。安全保障与通达也同样不能跟上需求。另外，倒影池由饮用水填充，由于结构问题，水的流失使得每年必须重灌2-4次——每次需600万加仑饮用水。国家公园服务找到Sasaki更新并修改景观，以使其满足现代需求并保护国家地标的突出特征。通过整合的方法，Sasaki解决了通达与安全问题，提升了基地的负担能力并成功融合可持续措施。
With over 4.5 million visitors annually, the site was being used far beyond the capacity of the original design—causing stress on the landscape, paths, and other pedestrian areas. Security and accessibility were also outdated. Finally, the Reflecting Pool was filled with potable water and, due to failing structural conditions, water loss necessitated refilling two to three times each year—using nearly six million gallons of potable water each time. The National Park Service sought Sasaki to update and revise this landscape to meet contemporary needs while preserving the defining character of this national landmark. Through an integrated approach, Sasaki resolved accessibility and security issues, increased the resilience of the site, and incorporated sustainable solutions.
Sasaki设计平行于倒影池的新步道以满足每天上千名的游客从林肯纪念堂走到二战纪念碑的需求。倒影池两边的榆树林荫道更新了铺装、座椅以及带有遮挡的LED照明，保存了看向林肯纪念堂与华盛顿纪念碑壮观的倒影效果。Sasaki同时设计了两条新步道形成新的安全屏障，两旁有墙体，往下通至倒影池。墙体与原先的阶地相连而且采用来自纪念堂本身采石场的花岗岩进行建造。倒影池在西部加深作为新的机动车屏障，保存倒影池尽端纪念堂之间视角的开放。
Sasaki created new paths parallel to the Reflecting Pool to accommodate the thousands of people who walk each day from the Lincoln Memorial to the World War II Memorial. The existing Elm Walks flanking the Reflecting Pool are updated with new paving, benches, and baffled LED lighting that preserves the dramatic reflective quality of views to the Lincoln Memorial and Washington Monument. Sasaki’s design also introduces new paths that descend to the Reflecting Pool with flanking walls that create a new security barrier. The walls relate and connect to the original terraces and are constructed with granite supplied from the quarry used for the memorial. The Reflecting Pool is deepened at the west end to serve as a new vehicular barrier, thus preserving the open view between the memorials at each end of the pool.
Sasaki在初步设计过程中研究了多个方案，以更可持续的方式为倒映池供水。所选用的方案消除了对饮用水的使用，计划从潮汐湖中取水，进行过滤和再循环以改善水质。日常水补给将取自二战纪念碑地下泵房中的集水坑。Sasaki与路易斯伯杰事务所的工程师合作完成了给水规划和基地工程的最终设计。
During preliminary design Sasaki studied numerous options for supplying the water to the Reflecting Pool in a more sustainable manner. The selected direction eliminates potable water and plans to supply the Reflecting Pool with water from the Tidal Basin that is filtered and recirculated to improve water quality. The sumps in the subterranean pump room of the World War II Memorial will supply daily water replenishment. Sasaki worked with engineers from Louis Berger in the final design of the water supply plan and site engineering.
03 辛辛那提斯梅尔滨河公园
Smale Riverfront Park
完成时间: 2010年
规划设计: Sasaki
地点: 美国
规模: 13公顷
图片: 由Sasaki提供
Completed: 2010
Planning: Sasaki
Location: USA
Scale: 13 hectares
Images: Courtesy of Sasaki
辛辛那提斯梅尔滨河公园是辛辛那提市中心沿俄亥俄河的大型公园，占地13公顷。作为沿河高岸系列公园中最大的一个，公园被壮观的城市地标所包围，它们是罗布林大桥、全国地下铁路自由中心、保罗.布朗体育场和大美利坚棒球场。沿河公园形成连续的开放空间链，连接州立休闲道与自行车道系统，并将辛辛那提市中心与大俄亥俄河连接起来。Sasaki的公园设计为罗布林大桥——历史性重要建筑地标——创造了合适的背景，同时提供大型聚会、静态休闲以及项目活动的空间。
The John G. and Phyllis W. Smale Riverfront Park is a 32-acre park along the banks of the Ohio River in downtown Cincinnati. The largest in a series of public parks along the high banks of the river, the park is framed by great city landmarks including the Roebling Bridge, the National Underground Railroad Freedom Center, the Paul Brown Stadium, and the Great American Ball Park. With implementation currently underway, the riverfront park completes a necklace of open spaces on the river, links statewide recreation trail and bike systems, and reconnects the heart of downtown Cincinnati to the great Ohio River. Sasaki's design for the park creates an appropriate setting for the Roebling Bridge—a historically significant architectural icon—along with areas for large gatherings, passive recreation, and programmed events.
公园作为城市活动与娱乐场所的背景与催化剂得到公共与私人资金的合作支持。典型公园活动从小型野餐到辛辛那提孟加拉虎与红人队大型比赛前后活动、音乐会以及高烟囱——一个欢庆音乐、艺术与传统的节日，每年吸引35万游客来到市中心。公园包括好几处互动水景、一个演出舞台、雕塑游乐区、亭台、板凳秋千、水花园以及辛娜吉步道，一个300米长的滨河散步道。公共与季节性码头服务大众以及各类商业游艇。公园设施通过一系列可持续措施得到提升，包括整合的自行车中心、支持与更衣设施以及由地热设施提供冷热控制的全新餐馆平台。
The park acts as a setting and catalyst for civic activities and entertainment venues and is supported by partnerships with private and public funds. Typical park events range from small picnic-like activities to larger pre- and post-game activities for the Bengals and Reds, concerts, and Tall Stacks—a music, arts, and heritage festival which brings 350,000 visitors to the downtown. The park includes several interactive water features, a performance stage, a sculpture play area, a pavilion, bench swings, water gardens, and Cinergy Trace, a 1000-foot-long riverfront promenade. Public landings and seasonal docking and wharves service the public and commercial cruise boat traffic. Park amenities are enhanced by a series of sustainable strategies, including an integrated bicycle center, support, and locker room facility and a new restaurant pavilion supported by a geothermal heating and cooling system.
在周边的滨水区规划了一个横跨六个街区的混合功能开发，它将为此区带来约400个居住单元和办公室以及多种商业活动。
In the surrounding waterfront district, a six-block, mixed-use development is planned that will bring roughly 400 residential units and office and commercial activities to the area.
感谢Sasaki的供稿分享
原创文章，欢迎分享，如需转载，联系后台。
网站：mooool.com
微信：mooool木藕设计网
投稿邮箱：mooool-serv@qq.com