感谢 Delugan Meissl Associated Architects 分享
本项目在启动之期的目标就是将先前的煤矿坑改建为景观公园，这不仅是中国十分重要的一个景观设计典范，也是一项基础设施建筑，可以用来研究自然生态系统，也为民众提供一处接触了解自然生态系统的场所。在城市内部或城市边缘地带建设高质量休闲区域，同时也需找到吸引来大批量游客的应对之策，这种政策需求形成了本空间项目定义的基础。The project was launched with the ambitious objective of transforming a former coal-mining area into a landscape park, which is not only a model for the landscape design that is so essential in China, but also contains a building infrastructure that can be used for researching into and offering people access to and information about natural ecosystems. The politically stated need to create high-quality leisure areas in or close to cities and to find ways of controlling the resulting large numbers of visitors formed the basis for the definition of a spatial programme.
太原植物园鸟瞰 Aerial view of Taiyuan Botanical Garden ©CreatAR
这项计划不仅要建立景观公园本身，而且还要建造一个中央入口建筑，包括一个自然博物馆和行政设施、三个温室、一个餐厅、一个盆栽博物馆和一个带图书馆和工作人员宿舍的相关研究中心。This envisaged not only the creation of the landscape park itself, but also the construction of a central entrance building with a nature museum and administration facility, three greenhouses, a restaurant, a bonsai museum and a related research centre with a library and staff accommodation.
分区示意图 Function distribution ©DMAA建筑中心精准地嵌入到模拟地形中，是三个半球形木格穹顶的温室。这些温室的建造需要诸多领域的技术专业知识，例如能源设计、热性能、结构完整性、玻璃、装配及物流等。三个穹顶中最宽的一个自由跨度超过90米，是全球此类木格栅结构中规模最大的。
The centrepiece of the buildings, which are very precisely inserted into the modelled topography, consists of three greenhouses, which were realised as three hemispherical timber lattice domes. The construction of these greenhouses required the pooling of technical knowhow in the areas of energy design, thermal performance, structural integrity and glazing as well as assembly and logistics. With a free span of over 90 metres, the broadest of the three domes is one of the largest such timber lattice structures worldwide.
温室手绘草图 Greenhouse sketch ©DMAA
温室外观 Greenhouse appearance ©CreatAR
三个穹顶都由双曲面层压木梁组成，这些木梁分两层或三层相交排列。穹顶的玻璃是双曲面玻璃，其中一些有可开启的窗户。
All three domes consist of double-curved laminated timber beams, which are arranged in two or three intersecting layers. The domes are glazed with double-curved panes of glass, some of which include openable windows.
双曲面层压木梁 Double-curved laminated timber beams ©CreatAR
双曲面玻璃 Double-curved panes of glass ©CreatAR
从上面看，木结构的主梁就像贝壳，在基地北面紧紧地挤在一起，向南面呈扇形展开，形成结构上不同的半透明性，优化太阳光直射。详细了解当地气候状况、结构内部热需求、结构效率以及合适的建筑资源的可用性，是成功将生态足迹降到最低的关键因素。
The main beams of the timber structures that, from above, resemble shells, are tightly bunched together on the north side of the base and fan out towards the south, creating a structurally varied translucency that optimises the solar gain. A detailed knowledge of local climatic conditions, the thermal demands inside the structure and the structural efficiency and availability of suitable constructional resources were key parameters for successfully minimising the ecological footprint.
木质结构呈扇形展开 The timber structures fan out towards the south ©CreatAR
温室内部 Inside the greenhouse ©CreatAR
DMAA很早就决定在这个项目中尽可能广泛地使用木材，这不仅保证广泛的预制，也保证了高质量的执行，同时挖掘出丰富的潜在历史关联。
DMAA’s very early decision to use timber as widely as possible in this project permitted not only extensive prefabrication but also a high quality of execution, while also opening up a rich seam of potential historical associations.
经过一个大院子通过一条小路来到入口建筑，它引导游客穿过开放式楼梯，由屋顶平台板一个圆形的开口，到达巨大的屋顶露台。站在巨大的屋顶平台上，公园全貌尽收眼底，人们可以体会到本入口建筑作为连接建筑与景观的双重作用。悬挑的观景台高耸于公园中心的水域之上，引导游客前往植物园的三个温室。
The entrance building, which is approached from the access road via a large courtyard, leads visitors via an open stair that passes through a circular opening in the slab onto a huge roof terrace, from which they can oversee the entire park and become aware of the building’s twin function as an interface between architecture and landscape. The cantilevered viewing platform soars above the area of water at the heart of the park and directs visitors towards the three greenhouses in the botanical gardens.
入口建筑手绘草图 Entrance building sketch ©DMAA
入口建筑鸟瞰 A bird's-eye view of the entrance building ©CreatAR
穿过板上圆形开口的开放式楼梯 An open stair that passes through a circular opening in the slab ©CreatAR
悬挑观景台 The cantilevered viewing platform Huge roof terrace ©CreatAR盆栽博物馆的露台呈同心圆布局，为精确呈现古代远东园林艺术提供了结构框架。游客走过的道路反映了驯化自然景观的原则。就像温室强大的穹顶一样，盆栽博物馆的基地也与景观的模型地形和水池的表面发生动态反应。
The terraces of the bonsai museum, which are laid out in concentric circles, provide the constructional framework for this precise presentation of an ancient Far Eastern aspect of Garden Art. The path taken by visitors reflects the principle of a domesticated natural landscape. Just like the mighty domes of the greenhouses, the base of the bonsai museum also reacts dynamically with the modelled topography of the landscape and the surface of the pool.
盆栽博物馆手绘草图 Bonsai museum sketch ©DMAA
盆栽博物馆 Bonsai museum ©CreatAR研究中心包括实验室、工作室、办公楼、车间、会议室、讲堂和图书馆，被划分为不同尺寸的展馆，这些展馆再由一层的共同连接区连接在一起。
The research centre contains laboratories, studios, office buildings, workshops, meeting rooms, lecture rooms and a library and is broken down into a number of pavilions of different sizes, which are linked together by a common connecting block at ground floor level.
整体概念的雕塑化衔接是基于中国传统的木结构屋顶，它试图通过重新解释其结构逻辑和几何逻辑来进行合理的处理。餐厅与茶馆便是完美的示范，应用了堆叠和交织的承重层的原则，通过增加或去除靠近支撑或边缘的层创造台阶和扩大规模，并发挥了结构和空间之间的比例关系。
The sculptural articulation of the overall concept is based on traditional Chinese timber roof structures, which it attempts to do justice to by reinterpreting their structural and geometrical logic. The restaurant and tea house is a perfect example of the application of the principles of piled and interwoven load-bearing layers, of creating steps and scale by adding or removing layers close to supports or edges and of playing with proportional relationships between structure and space.
餐厅与茶室手绘草图 Restaurant tea house sketch ©DMAA
餐厅与茶室外观 The restaurant and tea house ©CreatAR
中国传统的木结构屋顶 Traditional Chinese timber roof structures ©CreatAR
建筑内外的对话连续不断，建筑与景观之间的结构衔接微妙，都体现在景观公园的雕塑造型上，它与已有的基础设施有机融合在一起。The constant dialogue between inside and outside and the architecturally subtle articulation of the interface between architecture and landscape are reflected in the sculptural modelling of the landscape park, which merges organically with the built infrastructure.
太原植物园夜景 Night view of Taiyuan Botanical Garden ©CreatAR
Category Landscape, Museum, RestaurantAddress Jinyuan District, Taiyuan City, ChinaClient Botanical Garden TaiyuanGross surface area 54.600 m²Construction volume 329.861,00 m³Project manager Sebastian Brunke Diogo Teixeira Project team Maria Dirnberger, Volker Gessendorfer, Bernd Heger, Tom Peter-Hindelang Klara Jörg, Rangel Karaivanov, Leonard Kern, Kinga Kwasny, Toni Nachev, Martin Schneider, Petras VestartasArchitecture Executive planning Institute of Shanghai Architectural Design & Research (Co.,Ltd.)Structural engineering Bollinger + Grohmann IngenieureStructural engineering Timber structures StructureCraftFaçade Bollinger + Grohmann IngenieureHVACR/ Electrics Cody Energy DesignLandscape Architecture Beijing BLDJ Landscape Architecture Insitute Co.,Ltd.Landscape Design Greenhouse Valentien+Valentien Landschaftsarchitekten und Stadtplaner SRL