2021 Architizer A+获奖｜Heatherwick Studio: 英国利兹麦琪癌症护理中心
感谢 Heatherwick Studio 分享
由Heatherwick Studio设计的英国麦琪癌症护理中心荣获2021 Architizer A+医院及疗养中心类别奖项。
Maggie’s Leeds designed by Heatherwick Studio won 2021 A+Awards Jury and Popular Choice Winner in the Hospitals & Healthcare Centers category.
为新护理中心选择的地点是医院最后一片绿地——停车场旁边一长满草的土坡，两侧道路相连，四周是大型建筑。整个场地的高差为6米，这通常意味着要在斜坡上去建造建筑——相反，Heatherwick Studio选择顺应自然地形，这样在最高点，游客可以看到约克郡山谷景观，并与之建立联系。
The site chosen for the new centre was the last patch of greenery at the hospital – a grassy hill next to the car park, bounded by roads on two sides and surrounded by large buildings. The six-metre difference in level across the site would typically dictate a building dug into the slope –instead, the studio chose to follow its natural contours, so that at the highest point, visitors would have views of the Yorkshire Dales, and a connection.
原址 Original site ©Heatherwick Studio
建设后 After construction ©Hufton+Crow
The pillars of support at Maggie’s are the counselling rooms, so these were placed, like three pavilions, organised around a heart and at changing levels of the slope. The space between them accommodates the common areas of the centre, resulting in an inviting open space, simple for visitors to navigate, connecting all the areas to the garden. Externally, this gives the building a different character from every angle. Two entrances were also created: a front door and a rear entrance for staff and regular visitors.
建筑顺应地形布置 New centre follows its natural contours ©Heatherwick Studio
功能分区示意图 Functional diagram ©Heatherwick Studio
设计过程中遇到的挑战是建筑要横跨、围合高度变化及恢复绿化。屋顶不是一个单独的整体顶棚，而是由三个高低错落的花园组成。这些花园向下延伸，以遮蔽公共区域。这样医院也没失去它最后的绿地——它被抬高并种满林地植物，变得更加可达和吸引力。
The challenge was to span and enclose the level changes and reinstate the greenery. Instead of a single monolithic canopy, the roof is composed of three overlapping gardens which step down and overhang to shelter communal areas. In this way, the hospital does not lose its last green space – it is lifted up, filled with woodland plants and made more accessible and inviting.
建筑与访客体验之间的关系超出了其花园的提升效果。比如，前门是一个心理起点——人们可能开始接受癌症诊断的起点。并不是每个人都准备好马上开门，所以外面有一条长凳可以坐，还有一条私人小径可以静静地在花园里漫步。
The relationship between the centre’s architecture and the experience for visitors extends beyond the uplifting effect of its garden. The front door, for example, is a psychological threshold – the point at which someone might start to accept a cancer diagnosis. Not everyone will be ready to open the door straight away, so there is a bench to sit outside, or a private path to wander quietly through the gardens.
入口墙是透明的，门布置在较低屋顶下的一侧，减少给人带来的胆怯感。在室内，访客不必直面传统的接待空间；而是会看到欢迎的靠窗座位，一个布告栏，中心区域一览无余。公用桌子位于通往厨房的楼梯弧段下。
The entrance wall is transparent and the door is moved to the side under a lower roof, where it is less intimidating. Inside, visitors are not confronted by a conventional reception space; instead, they find a welcoming window seat, a noticeboard, and a view through to the heart of the centre, with its communal table in the arc of a staircase leading to the kitchen.
公用桌子 Communal table ©Hufton+Crow
餐桌是所有麦琪护理中心的特色，代表着另一个起点；访客们可以随时准备好分享他们的体验。所有物体都陈列在外，所以不会不方便地到处翻找杯子，高侧窗使室内充满自然光。除此之外，还有一个供工作人员休息和集中精力的私人空间，以及一个可供所有人使用的有遮盖的屋顶花园。
The kitchen table, a feature of all Maggie’s centres, represents another threshold; the point where visitors feel ready to share their experiences. Everything is on display, so there is no awkward rummaging through cupboards to find a mug, and a clerestory fills the space with natural light. Above this, there is a private space for staff to rest and gather strength, and a sheltered roof garden accessible to all.
屋顶花园 Roof garden ©Hufton+Crow
高侧窗使室内充满自然光 A clerestory fills the space with natural light ©Hufton+Crow
建造过程中面临的挑战是沿着这片场地的道路，作为主要的救护车路线，不能被数月来回的重型车辆干扰。于是团队设计了一种结构，可以在场外建造，并在混凝土板和挡土墙上快速组装，对现场干扰最小。整个建筑上部结构是在瑞士制造的，仅用8周时间就在现场组装在一起。胶合木板的动态变化给人一种树干从地面升起的感觉，支撑着头顶上的花园。该建筑主要由可持续森林云杉构成，这种材料会随着季节的变化而膨胀和收缩，就像有生命力一样。
The road running along the site presented a challenge for the building’s construction – as the main ambulance route, it could not be disrupted by months of heavy vehicles. The team designed a structure that could be built off-site and assembled quickly on a concrete slab and retaining wall with minimal disruption. The entire building superstructure was manufactured in Switzerland and fixed together on site in just eight weeks. These are supported by glulam fins, whose modulations give the feeling of trunks rising up from the ground to support the gardens overhead. The structure is mostly made of sustainably forested spruce, a material that will expand and contract with the seasons, as if alive.
建造过程 Construction process ©Heatherwick Studio
木结构细节 Timber Structure Details ©Hufton+Crow
Heatherwick studio考虑了建筑成为家的品质。使用温暖、自然的材料，用物品表达个性，将私人空间和人们可以聚集的公共空间相结合，以及提供柔和的照明。木板结构之间是架子，就像在家里一样，摆满了小摆件、盆栽植物和人们带到这个中心的有趣物件。
The studio looked at the qualities that make a building a home; the use of warm, natural materials, the way that objects are used to express individuality, the combination of private spaces and places where people can come together, and gentle lighting. Between the timber fins are shelves, lined, as you might at home, with nick-knacks, pot plants and the interesting things that people bring to the centre.
木板结构之间是架子 Between the timber fins are shelves ©Hufton+Crow
关于照明，Heatherwick studio的理念是正在发光的木核心。这通过将照明整合入屋顶架子、内边缘实现。设计师逆向工作，因为建筑仍在成型中，在设计过程早期阶段就明确了灯光、照明和服务的整合方式。
When it came to lighting, the studio had the idea that the wooden cores could glow, as if they were emitting light. This is achieved by integrating the lighting with the shelves and interior edges of the roofs. The designers had to work backwards, specifying how the lights, and services would be integrated at an early stage in the process, as the building was still taking shape.
发光的木核心 Like a glowing wooden core ©Hufton+Crow
Heatherwick Studio与景观设计师Balston Agius合作设计花园。考虑到附近建筑对场地的遮挡、强风和当地气候因素，植物的种植基于英国林地与支持该地区现存生物多样性的耐寒本地植物物种。经过精心设计的花园将郁郁葱葱——Maggie自己就是一名园丁，她知道拿起留给访客的工具开始工作是多么平静和治愈。
The studio worked with landscape designers, Balston Agius to develop the gardens. Given the shade cast on the site from adjacent buildings, the high winds and local weather, the planting is based on the British woodland, with hardy native species of plants that support the area’s existing biodiversity. The garden will be deliberately lush – Maggie herself was a gardener, and understood how calming and restorative it could be to pick up one of the tools left for visitors and get to work.
项目图纸
01 现存斜坡地形 Existing sloping terrain
02 混凝土地基工程 Concrete ground works
03木盒式墙壁 Timber cassette walls
04 胶合木板 Glulam timber fins
05 交叉层压木板 CLT timber slabs
06 玻璃幕墙 Glass facades
07 屋顶基层与土壤 Roof substrate and soil
08 地面与屋顶绿化 Ground and roof planting
总平 Site plan ©Heatherwick Studio, planting details by Balston Agius
地面层 Ground level ©Heatherwick Studio, planting details by Balston Agius
夹层 Mezzanine plan ©Heatherwick Studio, planting details by Balston Agius
屋顶平面 Roof plan ©Heatherwick Studio, planting details by Balston Agius
南立面 South Elevation ©Heatherwick Studio
木结构 Timber Structure ©Heatherwick Studio
木结构细节 Timber Structure Details ©Heatherwick Studio
完成时间 Completion: June 2020
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