田国立：以普惠金融促进金融资源公平有效配置

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7月2日，博鳌亚洲论坛与亚洲金融合作协会共同携手，在北京大学数字金融研究中心的支持下，举办了亚洲普惠金融生态建设与数字化发展线上圆桌会，亚洲金融合作协会理事长、中国建设银行董事长田国立到会致辞。以下分享中英文演讲实录，以飨读者。

▲亚洲金融合作协会理事长、中国建设银行董事长田国立致辞

以普惠金融促进金融资源公平有效配置

——在亚洲普惠金融生态建设与数字化发展圆桌会上的闭幕辞

亚洲金融合作协会理事长、中国建设银行

董事长 田国立

（2020年7月2日）

尊敬的各位嘉宾，女士们、先生们：

大家下午好！今天我们围绕加强普惠金融生态建设，促进普惠金融数字化发展进行了热烈的讨论。这两个主题特色鲜明且各方关注，通过深入交流，我们达成了许多重要共识，为普惠金融下一步发展启迪了思维，开拓了视野。借此机会，就普惠金融的认识、实践和未来发展趋势，与大家分享一些体会和实践。

第一，对普惠金融的重要性认识，正在得到越来越为一致的认同。从基础性整体性来看，小微企业是经济和社会发展的生力军，也是扩大就业、改善民生的重要支撑，对经济、社会等各个方面都起着基础性和全局性的作用。但从个体来看，他们又表现了明显的脆弱性，普遍存在缺信息缺信用缺资金，面对风险较为脆弱等问题，在与金融机构打交道的过程中往往处于弱势，易产生排斥性问题，所以小微企业融资难、融资贵始终成为全球性难题。

小微企业的重要性和它所面对的困境已成为亚洲各国乃至世界各国政策制定者、金融机构，以及社会众多利益相关者关注的焦点。而发展普惠金融，促进金融资源公平有效配置则成为各方化解小微企业困境，支持小微企业发展的共识，在亚洲甚至全球，这一问题的解决无疑是一个国家长治久安的基础和底蕴。

第二，中国的银行特别是大型银行在推动普惠金融发展方面做了积极探索。过去，大银行普遍把精力放在大企业身上，一方面做大企业贷款有规模效应，边际成本低而收益高；另一方面，方法上以建立正面清单为主，企业提交资料，银行审核，通过的批贷。而小微企业融资的特点是“短、小、频、急、散”，靠一笔一笔审批的正面清单很难适应效率性专业性要求，再加上小微企业风险相对较高，不愿做、不会做、不敢做就成了大银行在面对小微企业时的真实状态。金融科技的迅猛发展提供了转型可能和内生动力，通过大数据挖掘、人工智能和云计算，金融科技赋能普惠金融，产生了业务模式和流程的裂变效应。例如建设银行在2018年即将普惠金融确立为全行发展战略，并形成了自己独特的做法。运用互联网和大数据技术，通过组合工商、税务、电力等多维度信息交叉验证，对小微企业进行立体式全息画像，同时收集各类信息，建立负面清单，只要小微企业不在负面清单中，就可以批贷放款，规模效应有了，而且不良率得到了较好的控制。过去，每年小微企业贷款新增只有100-200亿元，贷款客户新增不到1万户，不良贷款率也高至7%-8%。2018和2019年当年新增小微企业贷款分别超过2000亿和3000亿，并于2020年3月成为全国首家普惠型小微企业贷款余额突破万亿元的商业银行，新模式不良率控制在1%以内，成为市场认可的大象也能跳舞的典型案例。

第三，金融科技对普惠金融传统模式的颠覆式改变是大势所趋。未来，普惠金融将继续深化互联网和大数据技术应用，着力数据资产的经营和信用转化，推动平台场景和生态建设，进一步体现银行的科技属性和社会属性。通过根植并融合大众市场，深耕草根经济，让经济底层和末梢能够得到金融服务的雨露滋润，以金融化方式整合社会资源，真正解决社会问题。

作为亚金协的理事长，今天我要感谢大家，感谢大家分享的思想和案例，感谢大家对亚洲金融合作协会工作的信任、关注、支持，以及为推动亚洲普惠金融发展做出的重要贡献。我深信，这次会议将成为一个新起点，亚洲金融合作协会将继续充当好桥梁纽带，深化合作，携手为建设更加均衡、包容、可持续的普惠金融贡献智慧和力量！

谢谢大家！

Promoting Fair and Effective Allocation of Financial Resources Through Inclusive Finance

——Closing Remarks at the Roundtable on Ecosystem Building and Digital Development of Inclusive Finance in Asia

Tian Guoli, Chairman of AFCA and Chairman of China Construction Bank

July 2, 2020

Distinguished Guests, Ladies and Gentlemen,

Good afternoon! Today we had a good discussion on promoting the ecosystem building and the digitization of inclusive finance. These are two distinctive topics of common concern. In our discussion, we have reached a consensus about many issues, which has provided insights and broadened our minds about the future of inclusive finance. I would like to take this opportunity to share the understanding, practices and future trend of inclusive finance from my perspective.

Firstly, the importance of inclusive finance is being more widely acknowledged. Small and micro businesses are the lifeblood of economic and social development and provide critical support to creating jobs and improving livelihoods, therefore they, as a whole, play a fundamentally supportive role in the society. However，individually speaking, they are obviously fragile, lacking in information, credit, fund and resilience in face of risks. They are easily disadvantaged and excluded when dealing with financial institutions and therefore tend to face financing difficulties, which makes a lasting global issue.  

The importance of small and micro businesses and the difficulties facing them have become the focus of policymakers, financial institutions and many stakeholders in Asian countries and the world at large. Promoting inclusive finance to achieve fair and effective allocation of financial resources has been a consensus of all parties to help the small and micro businesses. In Asia and around the world, getting this issue resolved is no doubt the basis for the long-term stability of any country.

Secondly, the Chinese banks, particularly large-scale banks, have made positive advances in inclusive finance. Big banks used to focus on big enterprises, because lending to them can generate a scale effect with low marginal costs and high returns. Those loans get approved mainly based on a positive list after banks review the materials submitted by enterprises. By contrast, financing for small and micro businesses features short term, small amount, high frequency, urgent need, and scattered application. A positive list dependent on one-by-one approval can hardly be efficient and professional. Further, small and micro businesses have relatively higher risks. Therefore, big banks, in fact, were not willing to, dared not and did not lend to them. However, the rapid development of FinTech makes transformation possible and serves as an endogenous driving force. FinTech empowers inclusive finance and causes a fission effect on business models and processes via big data mining, AI and cloud computing. For example, CCB made inclusive finance a bank-wide strategy in 2018 and has developed unique approaches. First, with the help of the Internet and big data technology, CCB draws an all-dimensional portrait of each enterprise through a combination of verified information, including business registration and operation, taxation, and power consumption, etc. Then, together with other information, the Bank is able to put in place a negative list. As long as a business is not on the list, the bank will approve to grant loans to it. In this way, CCB realizes the scale effect and gets the NPL ratio well under control. In the past, our loans to small and micro businesses increased only by 10 to 20 billion yuan per year. The number of clients grew by less than 10 thousand annually. The NPL ratio of such loans stood high, at around 7 to 8 percent. But in 2018, the newly granted loans to these enterprises surpassed 200 billion yuan; and in 2019, 300 billion. In March this year, CCB became the first commercial bank in China with standing inclusive finance loans to small and micro businesses topping one trillion yuan. Under the new model, the NPL ratio is kept below 1 percent. Our model is recognized by the market and shows that elephants can dance too.

Thirdly, it is an unstoppable trend that FinTech will fundamentally change the traditional way of inclusive finance. In the future, the Internet and big data technologies will be applied to a greater extent, focusing on the operation and credit conversion of data assets, and the buildup of platforms, scenarios, and ecosystems. Banks will tap into the mass markets and cultivate the grassroots economy to provide financial access for the very low end and far end of an economy. Financial solutions integrating social resources will come into being for social problems.

Ladies and gentlemen,

As Chairman of AFCA, I wish to thank you all for sharing your insights and cases. I am grateful for the trust, attention and support you’ve given to AFCA, and the important contributions you’ve made to the development of inclusive finance in Asia. I firmly believe that this meeting will be a new starting point, and AFCA will continue to play a bridging role in deepening our cooperation. Let us work together and contribute our wisdom and strength to achieve more balanced and sustainable financial inclusion.

Thank you!

END

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