初中春季语数英知识点汇总清单!
今天是正月初十,再过几天,这年就要过完了。
真的英雄
在此时
敢于三问自己
作业完成了么?
寒假预习的怎样?
有读哪些课外书?
昨天我们教大家如何在愉快的假期末尾收心,今天则收集了初中语数外三科下学期的知识重点,希望让大家在下学期之始,就可以先学一步,领跑全程!
初中语文篇
初中英语篇
Unit1 Can you play the guitar?
◆短语归纳
1. play chess 下国际象棋
2. play the guitar 弹吉他
3. speak English 说英语
4. English club 英语俱乐部
5. talk to 跟…说
6. play the violin 拉小提琴
7. play the piano 弹钢琴
8. play the drums 敲鼓
9. make friends 结交朋友
10. do kung fu 练 (中国) 功夫
11. tell stories 讲故事
12. play games 做游戏
13. on the weekend/on weekends 在周末
◆用法集萃
1. play +棋类/球类 下…棋/打…球
2. play the +西洋乐器 弹/拉…乐器
3. be good at doing sth.= do well in doing sth. 擅长做某事
4. be good with sb. 和某人相处地好
5. need sb. to do sth. 需要某人做某事
6. can + 动词原形 能/会做某事
7. a little + 不可数名词 一点儿…
8. join the…club 加入…俱乐部
9. like to do sth. =love to do sth. 喜欢/喜爱做某事
◆典句必背
1. —Can you draw? 你会画画吗?
—Yes, I can./No, I can’t. 是的,我会。/不,我不会。
2. —What club do you want to join? 你想加入哪个俱乐部?
—I want to join the chess club. 我想加入国际象棋俱乐部。
3. You can join the English club. 你可以加入英语俱乐部。
4. Sounds good./That sounds good. 听上去很好。
5. I can speak English and I can also play soccer. 我会说英语也会踢足球。
6. Please call Mrs. Miller at 555-3721. 请给米勒夫人拨打电话555-3721。
◆话题写作
主题:介绍自己特长/强项
Dear Sir,
I want to join your organization (组织) to help kids with sports, music and English.
My name is Mike. I am 15 years old. I'm a student in No. 1 Middle school. I can play the guitar well. I can sing many songs. I can swim and speak English well, too. I think I can be good with the kids. I also do well in telling stories.
I hope to get your letter soon.
Yours,
Mike
Unit2 What time do you go to school?
◆短语归纳
1. what time 几点
2. go to school 去上学
3. get up 起床
4. take a shower 洗淋浴
5. brush teeth 刷牙
6. get to 到达
7. do homework 做家庭作业
8. go to work 去上班
9. go home 回家
10. eat breakfast 吃早饭
11. get dressed 穿上衣服
12. get home 到家
13. either…or… 要么…要么…
14. go to bed 上床睡觉
15. in the morning/afternoon/evening 在上午/下午/晚上
16. take a walk 散步
17. lots of=a lot of 许多,大量
18. radio station 广播电台
19. at night 在晚上
20. be late for=arrive late for 迟到
◆用法集萃
1. at + 具体时间点 在几点(几分)
2. eat breakfast/lunch/dinner 吃早饭/午饭/晚饭
3. thirty/half past +基数词 …点半
4. fifteen/a quarter to +基数词 差一刻到…点
5. take a/an+名词 从事…活动
6. from…to… 从…到…
7. need to do sth 需要做某事
◆典句必背
1. —What time do you usually get up? 你通常几点钟起床?
—I usually get up at six thirty. 我通常6:30起床。
2. That’s a funny time for breakfast. 那是个有趣的早餐时间。
3. —When do students usually eat dinner? 学生们通常什么时候吃完饭?
—They usually eat dinner at a quarter to seven in the evening. 他们通常在晚上6:45吃晚饭。
4. In the evening, I either watch TV or play computer games.
在晚上,我要么看电视,要么玩电脑游戏。
5. At twelve, she eats lots of fruit and vegetables for lunch.
在十二点,她午餐吃很多水果和蔬菜。
6. She knows it’s not good for her, but it tastes good.她知道它对她没好处,但是尝起来很好。
7. Here are your clothes. 这是你的衣服。
◆话题写作
主题:谈论日常作息习惯
My School Day
I am a student. I usually get up at seven, and I eat breakfast at seven thirty. Then I go to school at eight. School starts at eight thirty. I eat lunch at twelve. I go home at 17:00. I often eat dinner at 19:00 and then play the piano. I do my homework at 20:00. At 22:00, I go to bed.
Unit3 How do you get to school?
◆短语归纳
1. get to school 到达学校
2. take the subway 乘地铁
3. ride a bike 骑自行车
4. how far 多远
5. from home to school 从家到学校
6. every day 每天
7. take the bus 乘公共汽车
8. by bike 骑自行车
9. bus stop 公共汽车站
10. think of 认为
11. between…and… 在…和…之间
12. one 11-year-old boy 一个11岁的男孩 13.
play with… 和…玩
14. come true 实现
15. have to 不得不
◆用法集萃
1. take…to…= go to…by… 乘…去…
2. How do/does sb get to…? 某人是怎样到…的?
3. How far is it from…to…? 从…到…有多远?
4. It takes sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间。 5. How long does it take to do sth.? …花费多长时间?
6. It is + adj. + to do sth. 做某事是…
7. Thanks for + n./Ving 感谢你(做)某事。
◆典句必背
1. —How do you get to school? 你怎么去上学?
—I ride my bike. 我骑自行车。
2. How far is it from your home to school? 从你家到学校有多远?
3. How long does it take you to get to school? 去上学花费你多久?
4. For many students, it is easy to get to school. 对很多学生来说,很容易到达学校。
5. There is a very big river between their school and the village. 在他们学校和村庄之间有一条很大的河流。
◆话题写作
主题:上学的交通方式
写作思路:②开篇点题:点出自己的出行方式;②具体内容:自己选择这种交通方式的原因;③结束语: 表明自己的观点。
The Best Way for Me to Go to School
Different students go to school in different ways in our school, but I llike to go to school on foot.
First, I live near the school, so my home is not far from my school. And it takes me a few minutes to get there. Second, there is a crossing on my way to school, and sometimes the traffic is very busy. I think it is safer to go to school on foot. Third, I think walking is good for my health. It’s a kind of sport and it makes me study better.
So in my opinion, the best way to go to school is on foot. What about you?
Unit4 Don’t eat in class.
◆短语归纳
1. on time 准时,按时
2. listen to… 听……
3. in class 在课上
4. be late for 做……迟到
5. have to 不得不
6. be quiet 安静
7. go out 外出
8. do the dishes 清洗餐具
9. make breakfast 做早饭
10. make (one’s) bed 铺床
11. be noisy 吵闹
12. keep one’s hair short 留短发
13. play with sb. 和某人一起玩
14. play the piano 弹钢琴
15. have fun 玩得高兴
16. make rules 制订规则
◆用法集萃
1. Don’t + 动词原形+其他。 不要做某事。
2. help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事
3. too many + 可数名词复数 太多的……
4. practice doing sth. 练习做某事
5. be strict with sb. 对某人要求严格
6. be strict in sth. 对某事要求严格
7. leave sth sp. 把某物落在某地
8. keep+宾语+形容词 使……保持某种状态
9. learn to do sth. 学会做某事
10. have to do sth. 不得不做某事
◆典句必背
1. Don’t arrive late for class. 上课不要迟到。
2. Can we bring music players to school? 我们可以带音乐播放器到学校吗?
3. And we always have to wear the school uniform. 并且我们总是不得不穿校服。
4. There are too many rules! 有太多的规则!
5. Don’t leave the dirty dishes in the kitchen! 不要把脏盘子留在厨房里!
6. I have to keep my hair short. 我不得不留短发。
◆话题写作
主题:规则
Dear Tom,
Thanks for your last letter. You want to know the rules in our school. Now let me tell you about them.
We can’t arrive late for class. We can’t talk loudly in class. We should keep quiet. When we meet our teachers on our way, we should say hello to them. We can’t eat or drink in class, and we can’t listen to music or play games in class.
I think we have too many rules. What about yours? Please write and tell me.
Yours,
Li Ming
Unit5 Why do you like pandas?
◆短语归纳
1. kind of 有几分,有点儿
2. be from/come from 来自于
3. South Africa 南非
4. all day 整天
5. for a long time 很长时间
6. get lost 迷路
7. places with food and water 有食物和水的地方
8. cut down 砍倒
9. in (great) danger 处于(极大)危险之中
10. twelve years old 十二岁
11. things made of ivory 由象牙制成的东西
◆用法集萃
1. —Why…? 为什么……?
—Because… 因为……
2. let sb. do sth. 让某人做某事
3. want to do sth. 想要做某事
4. one of+名词复数 ……之一
5. forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事
6. forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事
7. help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事
8. be friendly to sb. 对某人友好
◆典句必背
1. —Why do you like pandas? 你为什么喜欢熊猫?
—Because they’re kind of interesting. 因为它们有点儿有趣。
2. —Why does John like koalas? 约翰为什么喜欢树袋熊?
—Because they’re very cute. 因为它们非常可爱。
3. —Why don’t you like tigers? 你为什么不喜欢老虎?
—Because they’re really scary. 因为它们真的吓人。
4. —Where are lions from? 狮子来自哪里?
—They’re from South Africa. 它们来自南非。
5. Elephants can walk for a long time and never get lost. 大象能走很长时间并且从不迷路。
6. They can also remember places with food and water. 它们也能记住有食物和水的地方。
7. But elephants are in great danger. 但是,大象处于极大危险之中。
8. People cut down many trees so elephants are losing their homes.
人们砍倒了许多树,因此,大象渐渐失去它们的家园。
9. Today there are only about 3,000 elephants (over 100,000 before)
现在仅有大约3000头大象(之前超过10万头大象)。
10.Isn’t she beautiful? 她难道不美丽吗?
◆话题写作
主题:介绍自己喜欢的动物
The Animal I Like
There are many kinds of animals in the world. What animal do I like? Let’s know her.
Many people like her very much. I also like her. She is from China. She is very cute. She doesn’t eat grass and meat at all. She eats bamboo every day. She is so nice. She is black and white. She has two big black ears and eyes. And she also has black legs and arms.
What animal is she? She is a panda. I like panda very much. Do you like her? What animal do you like?
Unit6 I’m watching TV.
◆短语归纳
1. watch TV 看电视
2. read a newspaper 看报纸
3. talk on the phone 通过电话交谈
4. listen to music 听音乐
5. use the computer 使用电脑
6. make soup 做汤
7. wash the dishes 洗餐具
8. kind of 有点儿
◆用法集萃
1. —What + be+ 主语+ doing? ……正在做什么?
—主语+ be + doing sth. ……正在做某事。
2. I’d love/like to do sth. 我愿意做某事。
3. any other+可数名词单数 其他任何一个……
4. wish to do sth. 希望做某事
◆典句必背
1. —Why are you doing? 你在做什么?
—I’m watching TV. 我在看电视。
2. —What’s she doing? 她在做什么?
—She’s washing her clothes. 她在洗她的衣服。
3. —What are they doing? 他们在做什么?
—They’re listening to a CD. 他们在听一张CD 唱片。
4. —Are you doing your homework? 你在做你的家庭作业吗?
—Yes, I am. / No, I’m not. I’m cleaning my room. 是的,我在做。/不,我没有。我在打扫我的房间。
5. Zhu Hui misses his family and wishes to have his mom’s delicious zongzi.
朱辉思念他的家人并希望吃上他妈妈的可口粽子。
◆话题写作
主题:描述正在发生的事情
It’s seven o’clock in the evening. Kate’s family are all at home.
Kate is doing her homework. Her father is reading a book. Her mother is watching TV. Her grandfather is listening to the radio and her grandmother is cleaning the room. Her sister, Betty, is playing computer games.
They are all enjoying themselves.
Unit7 It’s raining!
◆短语归纳
1. not bad 不错
2. at the park 在公园
3. take a message for… 为……捎个口信
4. have a good time/have a great time/have fun/enjoy oneself 过得愉快
5. call sb. back 给某人回电话
6. no problem 没问题
7. right now 现在
8. talk on the phone 通过电话交谈
9. some of ......当中的一些
10. by the pool 在游泳池边
11. drink orange juice 喝橙汁
12. study hard 努力学习
13. on a vacation 在度假
14. in the mountains 在山里
15. call sb. 给某人打电话
16. write to sb. 给某人写信
◆用法集萃
1. tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告诉某人(不要)做某事
2. have a great time/have fun + (in) doing sth. 愉快地做某事
3. just right for doing sth. 做某事正合适
◆典句必背
1. How’s the weather?
天气怎么样?
2. It’s cloudy. / It’s sunny. / It’s raining.
天气多云。/ 天气晴朗。/ 天正下雨。
3. How’s it going?
情况怎么样?
4. Great! /Not bad./Terrible!
好极了!/ 不错。/糟糕!
5. Can I take a message for him?
我给他捎个口信好吗?
6. I’m having a great time visiting my aunt in Canada.
我正在加拿大愉快地拜访我的姑姑。
7. My family and I are on a vacation in the mountains.
我和我的家人正在山里度假。
8. It’s hot in your country now, isn’t it?
现在你的国家天气炎热,不是吗?
◆话题写作
主题:介绍某地的天气
The Weather in Beijing
Hello, everyone! I’m from Beijing. Do you want to know the weather in Beijing? Now let me tell you something about the weather here.
In Beijing, spring is very short and warm. In summer, it’s very hot, but it often rains. We often go swimming in the river. In autumn, the weather is very dry and cool. We often go to the farm to work with the farmers to help them. In winter, it’s very cold, and sometimes it’s snowy and windy.
I like swimming, so summer is my favorite season.
Unit8 Is there a post office near here?
◆短语归纳
1. post office 邮局
2. police station 警察局
3. pay phone 付费电话
4. Bridge Street 桥街
5. Center Street 中心大街
6. Long Street 长街
7. near here 附近
8. across from 在……对面
9. next to 挨着,靠近
10. between…and… 在……和……之间
11. in front of 在……前面
12. excuse me 劳驾
13. far from 离……远
14. go along… 沿着……走
15. turn right/left 向右/左转
16. on the(或one’s) right/left 在(某人的)右边/左边
17. in my neighborhood 在我的街区
18. look like 看起来像
19. in life 一生中
20. be free 免费的/有空的
◆用法集萃
1. Turn right / left at the +序数词+ crossing. 在第几个路口向右 / 左转。
2. spend + 时间 /金钱 + on sth. 花费时间/金钱在......
spend + 时间 / +金钱 (in) doing sth. 花费时间/金钱做某事
3. watch sb. doing 观看某人正在做某事
4. enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事
◆典句必背
1. —Is there a hospital near here? 这附近有医院吗?
—Yes, there is. It’s on Bridge Street. 是的,有。它在桥街上。
2. —Oh… where’s Center Street? 噢……中心大街在哪里?
—It’s not too far from here. 它离这儿不太远。
3. Go along Long Street and it’s on the right. 沿着长街走,它在右边。
4. Turn right at the first crossing. 在第一个十字路口向右转。
◆话题写作
主题:指路
Where is the hotel? Let me tell you how to get there. Go down this road and then turn left. Go through First Street and Second Street. When you come to Third Street, turn right and walk on. You can see a bridge over a river. Go across the bridge. Then you can see the hotel. It’s on your right, across from the post office. You will find it.
Unit9 What does he look like?
◆短语归纳
1. short hair 短发
2. long hair 长发
3. curly hair 卷发
4. straight hair 直发
5. (be) of medium height 中等个子
6. (be) of medium build 中等身材
7. go to the movies 去看电影
8. a little 有点儿
9. look like 看起来像
10. a big nose 大鼻子
11. a small mouth 小嘴巴
12. a round face 圆脸
13. black hair 黑发
14. big eyes 大眼睛
15. a long face 长脸
16. the same way 同样的方式
17. in the end 最后
18. blonde hair 金黄色的头发
◆用法集萃
1. What does / do + 主语 + look like? ……长得什么样?
2. sb. + be + of + medium build / height 某人中等身材/个子
3. sb. + has +… hair 某人留着……头发
4. sb. wears + ... 某人穿着/戴着……
◆典句必背
1. —What does he look like? 他长什么样?
—He’s really tall. 他真的很高。
2. —Do they have straight or curly hair? 他们留直发还是卷发?
—They have curly hair. 他们留卷发。
3. —Is he tall or short? 他高还是矮?
—He isn’t tall or short. He’s of medium height. 他不高不矮。他中等个子。
4. The man with a pair of glasses is my English teacher. 那个戴眼镜的男人是我的英语老师。
◆话题写作
主题:介绍某人的外貌
Lost
Kate, a twelve –year-old girl, is lost in the street.
She is of medium height with short hair. She has a round face and small eyes. She wears a pair of glasses. She wears a white shirt, a pair of blue jeans and a pair of black sports shoes.
If anyone knows her, please call Mr. Green at 26458132. Thanks a lot.
Unit10 I’d like some noodles.
◆短语归纳
1. would like 想要
2. take one’s order 点菜
3. beef soup 牛肉汤
4. one bowl of… 一碗……
5. what size 什么尺寸
6. mapo tofu with rice 麻婆豆腐盖饭
7. what kind 什么种类
8. small / medium / large bowl 小/ 中/大碗
9. green tea 绿茶
10. orange juice 橘汁
11. around the world 世界各地
12. birthday cake 生日蛋糕
13. the number of… ......的数量
14. make a wish 许个愿望
15. blow out 吹灭
16. in one go 一口气
17. come true 实现
18. cut up 切碎
◆用法集萃
1. would like + sth. 想要某物
2. would like + to do sth. 想要做某事
3. Why don’t you + do sth.? 何不做某事?
4. the number of + 名词复数 ……的数量;a number of+名词复数 许多……
◆典句必背
1. What kind of noodles would you like? 你想要哪种面条?
2. I’d like beef noodles, please. 我想要牛肉面。
3. What size would you like? 你想要多大的?
4. I’d like a medium bowl, please. 我想要一个中碗的。
5. Would you like a large bowl? 你想要一个大碗的吗?
6. Yes, please. 好吧。
7. If he or she blows out all the candles in one go, the wish will come true. 假如他或她一口气吹灭所有的蜡烛,愿望将实现。
◆话题写作
主题:介绍自己最喜欢的食物
My Favorite Food
I’m a middle school student. I like to eat healthy food. I have milk, eggs and bread for breakfast. For lunch I would like rice, fish and vegetables. I like chicken, juice, rice and hamburgers for supper. Of all the food, my favorite food is chicken and apple juice.
Unit11 How was your school trip?
◆短语归纳
1. go for a walk 去散步
2. milk a cow 挤牛奶
3. ride a horse 骑马
4. feed chickens 喂小鸡
5. talk with 与……谈话
6. take photos 拍照
7. quite a lot 相当多
8. show… around 带领……参观
9. learn about 了解
10. from… to… 从……到……
11. grow strawberries 种植草莓
12. pick strawberries 采草莓
13. in the countryside 在乡下
14. go fishing 去钓鱼
15. at night 在夜晚
16. a lot of 许多;大量
17. come out 出来
18. go on a school trip 去学校郊游
19. along the way 沿线
20. after that 之后
21. buy sth. for sb. 为某人买某物
22. all in all 总的来说
23. take a / the train 乘火车
24. be interested in 对……感兴趣
25. not… at all 根本不……
◆用法集萃
1. How + be…? + like? ……怎么样?
2. too many + 可数名词复数 太多的……
3. teach sb. how to do sth. 教某人怎样做某事
4. quite + a / an + 形容词+可数名词单数 = a + very + 形容+可数名词单数 一个相当 / 很……的......
◆典句必背
1. —How was your school trip? 你的学校郊游怎么样?
—It was great! 好极了!
2. —Did you go to the zoo? 你去动物园了吗?
—No, I didn’t. I went to a farm. 不,没有。我去农场了。
3. —Did you see any cows? 你看见一些牛奶了吗?
—Yes, I did. I saw quite a lot. 是的,我看见了,我看见相当多(的牛奶)
4. —Were the strawberries good? 这些草莓是好的吗?
— Yes, they were. 是的,它们是。 / No, they weren’t. 不,它们不是。
5. Everything was about robots and I’m not interested in that. 一切都是关于机器人的,我对那方面不感兴趣。
◆话题写作
主题:介绍过去的活动
I had a busy weekend. On Saturday morning, I did my homework, and then I played computer games. In the afternoon, I visited my grandmother. We talked for a long time.
On Sunday morning, I cleaned my room and did some reading. Then I cooked for m parents. In the afternoon, I watched a football match on TV and listened to music. I had a good time.
Unit12 What did you do last weekend?
◆短语归纳
1. do my homework 做我的家庭作业
2. go to cinema 去看电影
3. go boating / camping 去划船 / 去野营
4. play badminton 打羽毛球
5. on Saturday morning 在星期六早上
6. work as 以……身份而工作
7. have a good weekend 周末过得愉快
8. kind of 有点儿
9. stay up late 熬夜
10. run away 跑开
11. shout at 对……大声叫嚷
12. fly a kite 放风筝
13. high school 中学
14. put up 搭起,举起
15. in the countryside 在乡下
16. get a surprise 吃惊
17. make a fire 生火
18. each other 互相
19. so… that… 如此……以至于……
20. go to sleep 入睡
21. the next morning 第二天早上
22. look out of…向……外看
23. shout to 冲……呼喊
24. up and down 上上下下
25. wake…up 把……弄醒
26. move into… 移进……
27. a swimming pool 一个游泳池
◆用法集萃
1. go + doing 去做某事
2. play + 球类 玩……球
3. 时间段+ ago ……前
4. keep + sb. / sth. + 形容词 / 副词 / 介词短语 使……保持……
5. so + 形容词 / 副词+ that 句子 如此……以至于……
6. see sb. doing sth. 看见某人正在做某事
7. let sb. do sth. 让某人做某事
8. start to do / doing sth. 开始做某事
◆典句必背
1. —What did you do last weekend? 上个周末你做什么了?
—I did my homework. / We went boating. 我做了我的家庭作业。/我们去划船了。
2. —Who visited her grandma? 谁看望了她的奶奶?
— Becky did. 贝姬看望了。
3. My sister finished high school two weeks ago. 我的姐姐两周前中学毕业了。
4. But I was so tired that I went to sleep early. 但是我是如此疲倦,以至于我很早就睡着了。
◆话题写作
主题:介绍过去发生的一件事情
My friend Li Hua came to visit me on May Day. During the following days I showed him around the city.
We went to the Guangzhou Museum on the morning of May 2. We learned much about the history of Guangzhou. In the afternoon., we climbed the Baiyun Hills. It was really great fun! In the evening. I took Li Hua to the night zoo. It was interesting to see animals at night. The next day, we went to the bookshops to buy books.
Though we were very tired, we enjoyed ourselves very much.
Unit1 what' s the matter?
1. It’s +形容词 + for sb. + to do sth. 做某事对某人来说是…的。
It’s important to do sth. 做某事很重要。
It’s important for me to eat a balanced diet. 平衡饮食对我来说是很重要的.
It’s easy to do sth. 做某事是容易的。
It’s easy for us to find out the answer. 找出答案对我们来说是容易的。
2. 情态动词should的用法
should是情态动词,它的基本用法是必须和其他动词一起构成谓语。意为"应该......"。
should(应当,应该)用于所有人称,表示劝告或建议。
eg. ---I have a very bad cold. 我感冒很厉害。
---You should lie down and have a rest. 你应该躺下,多喝水。
3. maybe与may be
(1)maybe是副词,译为“也许、可能”,相当于“perhaps”。如:Maybe he can answer the question. 也许他能回答那个问题。
He maybe is from the USA, too. 他可能也来自美国。
(2)may be中的may为情态动词,译为“可能是......”。如:
He may be from the USA, too. 他可能也来自美国。
She may be our English teacher. 她可能是我们的英语老师。
4. few、a few、little、a little的区别和联系:
(1)few / a few用来修饰可数名词,few表示否定意义,没有,几乎没有;a few表示肯定意义, 有几个。 例如:
He has few friends here, he feels lonely. 他这里没朋友,他感觉寂寞。
There are a few eggs in the basket. 篮子里有几个鸡蛋。
(2)little / a little用来修饰不可数名词,little表示否定意义,没有,几乎没有; a little 表示肯定意义,有一点儿。 例如:
There is little ink in my bottle. Can you give me a little ink? 我的瓶子里没有墨水了,你能给我点儿墨水吗?
5. not…until 直到…(否定句) 才......,动词为短暂性或瞬间性动词。
She didn’t leave until we came.
He went shopping after he got up.
=He didn’t go shopping until /before he got up.
...until/till 直到......(肯定句)动词为延续性动词
We stayed here till/until 12 o’clock.
Unit2 I'll help clean the city parks.
1. 短语动词小结
常见动词短语结构有下面几种:
(1)动词+副词 如:give up 放弃;turn off 关掉;stay up 熬夜
这种结构有时相当于及物动词,如果其宾语是代词,就必须放在动
词和副词之间,如果是名词,则既可插在动词和副词之间,也可放
在短语动词后。
(2)动词+介词 如:listen of 听;look at 看;belong to 属于
这种结构相当于及物动词,后面跟宾语。
(3)动词+副词+介词 如:come up with 提出,想出; run out of 用完,耗尽
(4)动词+名词+介词 如:take part in参加;catch hold of 抓住
2. each 每个,各自的,强调事物的个别情况,常与of 连用
every 每个,每一个的,一切的,有“全体”的意思不能与of 连用
3. help sb. (to) do 帮助某人做某事 help him (to) study
help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事 help him with English
help do 帮助做某事 help study
4. spend...doing... 花费…做…
I spent a day visiting Beijing. 我花了一天的时间去参观北京。
spend… on sth. 花费…在… I spent 3 years on English.
5. join 参加 (指参加团体、组织) 如:join the Party 入党
take part in 参加 (指参加活动) 如:take part in sports meeting 参加运动会
6. run out 与 run out of
(1)run out (become used up). 其主语往往为物。如时间,食物,金钱,油等,本身就含有被动意义。
His money soon ran out. 他的钱很快就花光了。
Our time is running out. 我们剩下的时间不多了。
(2)run out of 主语为人,表示主动含义。
He is always running out of money before pay day. 他总是在发工资的日子还没有到就把钱花完了。
两者在一定条件下可以互换
如:The petrol is running out. 汽油快用完了= We are running out of petrol.
Our time is running out. 我们剩下的时间不多了。= We are running out of time.
7. work out
(1)结局,结果为
The strategies that he came up with worked out fine. 他提出的这个策略效果很好。
(2)算出,制订出,消耗完(精力等)
He never seems to be worked out. 他好像永远不会疲乏似的。
He worked out a plan. 他制订了一个计划。
I have worked out our total expenses. 我已经算出了我们总的费用。
8. hang out 闲荡 闲逛
I like to hang out at mall with my friends. 我喜欢和我的朋友一起去购物中心闲荡。
9. be able to do 能,会
be unable to do 不能,不会
10. for sure 确实如此,毫无疑问
You don’t have money. That’s for sure. 你没有钱,这是毫无疑问的。
11. fill… with… 使…充满… 用…填充…
She filled the bowl with water. 她用水填满碗。
12. hand out 分发 hand out bananas
give out 分发 give out sth to sb. 分….给某人
give up doing 放弃… give up smoking 放弃吸烟
give away 赠送 捐赠 give away money to kids
give sb. sth. 给某人某东西 give me money 给我钱
give sth. to sb. 给某人某东西 give money to me 给我线
13. help sb. out 帮助…做事,解决难题(摆脱困境)
I can’t work out this math problem. Please help me out. 我不能算出这道数学问题,请你帮我解决。
14. train n. 火车 v. 训练
train sb. to do. 训练某人做某事
She trains her dog to fetch things. 她训练她的狗去取东西。
15. at once == right away 立刻 马上 如:
Do it at once. 马上去做。
I’ll go there at once/ right away. 我马上去那里。
16. one day 有一天 (指将来/过去)
some day 有一天(指将来) 如:
One day I went to Beijing. 有一天我去了北京。
Some day I’ll go to Beijing. 有一天我将去北京。
Unit3 Could you please clean your room?
1. 关于 to 的短语总结
have to do sth. 不得不/必须做某事
need to do sth. 需要做某事
hate to do sth. 讨厌做某事
like to do sth. 喜欢做某事
want to do sth. 想做某事
love to do sth. 热爱做某事
forget to do sth. 忘记做某事
start to do sth. 开始做某事
begin to do sth. 开始做某事
ask sb to do sth. 请某人做某事
2. ---Could you please clean your room?
---Yes, sure. / Sorry, I can't. I have to do my homework first.
---Could I please use the car?
---Sure. / Certainly. / Of course. / No, you can't. I have to go out.
在表示请求帮助或请求允许的疑问句中,常用 could 代替 can,以表示礼貌,委婉或不确定的语气,而 can 则不具备这些语气。这种情况下不能把 could 看作 can 的过去式。以上两句中用 could 是为了表示礼貌的请求。表示请求帮助或请求允许时,除了 can, could 之外,还可以用 may,句子的表达方式也各有不同,可以用不同的方式来表示同一个概念。例:
Could / Can / May I use your car for a day?
作允答可以各种各样:
如同意可以说 Yes,或 Sure 或 Certainly,还可说 Yes, (do) please.或 Of course. (you may / can). 或 That's OK / all right.
如果不同意,可以说 I'm sorry you can't. 或 I'm really sorry, but I have to use it today. 要避免说 No, you can't. 这样显得很不礼貌。否定回答通常用委婉语气。
Unit4 Why don’t you talk to your parents?
1. get
( 1 ) 买
get sth. for sb. = get sb. sth. 为某人买某物
Can you get some fruit for me when you go shopping ?
= Can you get me some fruit when you go shopping ?
( 2 ) 得到,到达
Where did you get the book?
When did you get the letter?
He got home late last night.
(3)使,让,get + 宾语 + 宾补 使某人/某物怎么样
Please get you coat clean.
Get your mouth closed.
get sb. to do sth. 使某人做某事
I got him to call Jim yesterday.
(4)( 逐渐) 变得…...
The weather gets warmer and days get longer .
Why did the teacher get angry ?
2. how about/ what about 后跟名词/代词/动词ing形式。
(1)向对方提出建议或请求
How about going out for a walk?
How about something to eat?
(2)向对方征求意见或看法
How about the TV play ?
How about buying the house now ?
( 3 ) 询问天气或身体情况
How about the weather in Hainan Island ?
How about your parents? Are they living with you ?
( 4 ) 谈话中承接上下文
I’m forty years old. How about you?
I’m from Beijing. How about you?
3. receive 收到
The girl was happy to receive many gifts on her birthday .
receive a letter from = get a letter from = heard from收到某人的信
I received a letter from my parents last Sunday .
= I got a letter from my parents last Sunday .
= I heard from my parents last Sunday .
accept 接受
He couldn’t accept our suggestions but our gifts.
She was very glad to receive the invitation.
I received an invitation to the party , but I refused to accept it .
4. a 6-year-old child 一个六岁的孩子
6-year-old 是由“数词 +名词 + 形容词 ” 构成的复合形容词,作前置定语,修饰后面的名词child。
“数词+名词+形容词”构成的复合形容词,中间的名词要用单数形式:
a five-year-old girl 一个五岁的女孩
a two-meter-long ruler 一把两米长的尺子
a ten-story-high building 一栋十层高的楼房
a two-inch-thick dictionary 一本两英寸厚的词典
5. too...to… 太……而不能 ……
too 后跟形容词或副词原形, to 后跟动词原形, 构成不定式,句子的主语与动词不定的主语不一时, 可以在动词不定式前加逻辑主语for sb。
He is too young to join the army ( 军队) . 他年纪太小,不能去参军。
The math problem is too difficult for me to work out . 这道数学题对我来说太难了,做不出。
too...to…可以与enough to和so…that…转换.
She is too young to do the work .
= She isn’t old enough to do the work .
Tom is too tired to walk any farther .
= Tom is so tired that he can’t walk any farther .
6. pay , spend , cost , take 的区别
(1)pay 花费 ( 多少钱 ) , 主语是人。 sb. pay some money for sth.
I paid 5000 yuan for the computer last week . 我上个星期花了5000买电脑。
(2)spend 花费 ( 多少钱或时间 ),主语是人。
sb. spend some money on sth.
sb. spend some time ( in ) doing sth.
I spent 5000 yuan on the computer last week .
She spent 2 hours ( in ) doing her homework . 她花了2个小时做作业。
(3)cost 花费 ( 多少钱 ) , 主语是物。
sth. cost sb. some money.
This jacket cost him 200 dollars. 这件夹克衫花费她200美元。
(4)take 花费 (时间 ),主语形式主语为It.
It takes sb. some time to do sth.
花费某人多少时间做某事
How long does it take sb. to do sth? 花费某人多少时间做某事?
It took Liu Hong 2 hours to do her homework. 刘红花了2个小时做作业。
7. sleep , sleeping, sleepy , asleep , fall asleep , be asleep
(1)sleep 动词, 睡觉, 强调动作。
I am very tired. I want to sleep. 我很累,想睡觉。
(2)sleeping, sleep 的现在分词, 表示“ 正在睡觉”。
Don’t make so much noise. The baby is sleeping. 不要这么吵,宝宝在睡觉。
(3)sleepy 想睡觉的, 困倦的。
I am a little sleepy. I’d like to go to bed. 我有点困了,我想去床上睡觉了。
(4)asleep 睡着了的。
The teacher found Tom asleep in class and kept him behind after school. 老师发现汤姆上课睡觉,放学后就把他留了下来。
(5)fall asleep 强调从没有睡着到睡着的过程, 不能接一段时间。
I couldn’t fall asleep until it was very late last night . 我昨天晚上到很晚才睡着。
(6)be asleep 表示睡着后的状态 , “ 睡着了”, 可以接一段时间。
He was asleep for three hours. 他睡了3个小时。
8. open
( 1 ) 动词, 打开 , 开业, 开张, 展现
Would you mind opening the window ? 你介意我把窗户打开吗?
( 2 ) 形容词, be open 开着的, 开放的
On weekends the swimming pool is open to the public. 在周末,这个游泳池是对公众开放的。
9. close 动词, 关闭, 关上 , 合上
closed 形容词, be closed 关着的, 关闭的
10. encourage 动词, 鼓励, 激励
encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事
Parents should encourage children to do things by themselves.
家长们应该要鼓励孩子们自己动手做事情。
11. progress 名词, “ 进步, 进展”
make progress “取得进步, 取得进展”
Tom is now making great progress at school. 汤姆现在在学校的进步很大。
12. take an interest in ( doing ) sth. 对 ( 做 )某事感兴趣
否定表达是 take no interest in ( doing ) sth. 对 ( 做 )某事不感兴趣
Do you take an interest in English ? 你对英语感兴趣吗?
Most children take an interest in playing computer games. 大多数孩子对电脑游戏很感兴趣。
13. make friends with sb. 和某人交朋友
Would you like to make friends with us? 你想和我们交朋友吗?
Unit5 What were you doing when the rainstorm came?
1. arrive at 到达(小地方)
arrive in到达(大地方)
reach 到达
get to 到达
I arrived in Beijing last night. = I reached Beijing last night .
= I got to Beijing last night .
如果宾语是副词here, there, home, 要把at/in/to省略。
arrive here/there/home
get here/there/home
2. in front of… 在 … 的前面 (某一范围外的前面)
in the front of … 在 … 的前面(某一范围内的前面)
There are some big trees in front of the classroom building. 在教室的前面有一些大树。
I like sitting in the front of the taxi. 我喜欢坐在出租车的前排位置。
3. take off
(1)起飞
When did the plane take off yesterday? 飞机什么时候起飞?
(2)脱下(衣帽等)
He took off his coat as soon as he went into the room. 他一进房间就脱掉了外套。
(3)取消
They will take off the 5 am train . 他们取消了早上5点的火车。
4. get out (of ) … 从……离开/出去/下来
A car stopped and a girl got out of it.
但从汽车/火车/船/飞机/马匹上下来, 用get off…
5. follow
(1)跟随 I followed him up he hill. 我跟着他上了山.
(2)沿着……前进 Follow this road until you get to the post office. 顺着这条路一直到邮局.
(3)听懂,理解 Could you speak more slowly? I can’t follow you. 你能说慢点吗?我听不懂。
(4)follow sb. to do sth. 跟着某人做某事
Please follow me to read the story. 请跟我读这个故事。
6. shout at 大声喊叫,多指因生气而非善意的大声叫喊
Don’t shout at the little boy. He is too young. 不要对他大叫,他还太小。
shout to 大声喊叫,多指因距离远而不得不大声叫喊
We should shout to him , or he can’t hear us. 我们应该朝他叫喊,否则他听不到我们的声音。
7. happen 发生,具体事件偶然的没有预见的发生
(1)happen to do sth. 碰巧做某事
I happened to meet one of my old friends in the park yesterday .昨天我在公园碰巧遇见我的一个老朋友。
(2)sth happens to sb. 某人发生了某事
An car accident happened to him last month. 上个月他发生了交通事故.
take place 发生
(1)按计划进行或按计划发生
Great changes have taken place in China in recent years. 最近几年中国发生了巨大的变化.
(2)(运动/ 活动/会议等) 举行
The meeting will take place next Friday. 运动会将于下星期五举行。
take the place of 代替, 取代
Plastics can sometimes take the place of wood and metal . 塑料有时能代替木材和金属.
take one’s place 坐某人的位置, 代替某人的职务
Come to take my place. my seat is near the window . 来做我的位置,我的座位靠近窗户。
8. anywhere 任何地方,常用于否定句或疑问句中.
Did you go anywhere last night? 你昨天还去了别的地方了吗?
somewhere 某个地方,用于肯定句。
come and see me. Then we’ll go out somewhere. 来我家找我,然后我们出去逛逛。
everywhere 处处, 到处 = here and there
I can’t find my pen though I looked for it everywhere. 尽管我到处都找过了,还是找不到我的钢笔。
11. silence 名词, 寂静/无声
There’s nothing but silence in the room. 屋内寂静无声。
Keep in silence. 保持沉默.
silent 形容词, 沉默的, 寂静的
The old house was quite silent. 这所老房子寂静无声。
The cat moved on silent feet. 那只猫无声地走动着。
12. hear 听到
Can you hear someone knocking at the door? 你听到有人敲门了吗?
(1)hear of 听说 , 后接表示人或物的词
I have never heard of him before. 我以前从来没有听说过他。
( 2 ) hear about 听说, 后接表示事件的名词
I’ve just heard about his illness. 我刚刚听说他生病的事。
Have you heard about the accident ? 你听说了那场事故吗?
(3)hear from 收到某人的来信
I heard from my daughter in New York yesterday. 我昨天收到在纽约的女儿的来信。
13. 主语 + be + one of the + 形容词最高级 + 复数名词 + in / of 短语。
…… 是……中最……的……之一.
This was one of the most important events in modern American history. 这是美国历史上最重要的事件之一。
Xiamen is one of the most beautiful cities in China. 厦门是中国最漂亮的城市之一。
13. experience
(1)名词经验, 不可数名词 ; 经历, 体验, 可数名词
Have you had any experience of fishing? 你有钓鱼的经验吗?
Could you tell us about your experiences in Africa? 你能给我们谈谈你在非洲的经历吗?
(2)动词 经历, 感觉
The children experienced many difficulties this time. 这次孩子们经历了许多困难.
experienced 形容词 有经验的
be experienced in/at doing sth. = have much experience in/at doing sth. 做某事很有经验.
She is an experienced teacher. 他是一个经验丰富的教师。
He is very experienced in/at repairing cars. 他修车很有经验。
14. as … as … 和…… 一样… 两个as之间用形容词或副词的原形。
He works as carefully as she. 他和她一样工作认真。
She is as tall as her mother. 她和母亲一样高。
not as… as… 不如某人/某物…
He isn’t as / so old as he looks . 他不像看起来那么老。
She doesn’t run as / so fast as her brother. 她不如她哥哥跑得那么快。
15. have fun = have a good/great/wonderful time = enjoy oneself 玩得开心,过得愉快
Did you have fun at the party? 昨天在派对上玩的开心吗?
= Did you have a good/great/wonderful time ?
= Did you enjoy yourself ?
have fun doing sth. 开心做某事
I’m just having fun playing the guitar . 我正开心的弹吉他呢。
16. accident 事故, 意外遭遇
He was killed in an accident. 他死于一起意外事故.
traffic accident 交通事故
Many people die in traffic accidents every year. 每年有很多人死于交通事故。
by accident 偶然, 意外地
We met at the airport by accident . 我们偶然在机场遇见。
18. think about 考虑 (某个计划 )
They are thinking about moving to Beijing. 他们考虑搬去北京。
think of 认为 What do you think of the movie?= how do you like the movie? 你认为这部电影怎么样?
think over 仔细思考
We need a few days to think over this matter. 我们需要几天时间来考虑这个事情。
19. 感叹句
what 引导的感叹句
(1)What a beautiful girl (she is )! 多么美的姑娘呀 !
(2)What a clever boy ( he is )! 多么聪明的男孩呀 !
(3)What interesting pictures ( they are )! 多么美的图片呀 !
(4)What tall buildings ( they are )! 多么高的楼呀 !
(5)What delicious food ( it is ) ! 多么可口的食物呀 !
(6)What bad weather ( it is ) ! 多么坏的天气呀 !
规律:what + ( a/an ) + 形容词 + 名词 ( + 主语 + 谓语) + !
名词为不可数名词或复数名词时, 形容词前面不能有a/an。
how 引导的感叹句
(7)How heavy the box is! 多么重的箱子呀!
How fast he runs! 他跑得多快呀!
(8)How careful the girl is! 多么细心的姑娘呀!
How well she plays the piano! 她的钢琴弹得多好呀!
20. 过去进行时
过去进行时的用法
(1)过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。
What were you doing at 8:30 this morning? 今天早上8点半你正在做什么?
When I called him, he was having dinner. 当我打电话给他时,他正在吃饭。
(2)过去某段时间正在进行的动作。
What were you doing from seven to nine yesterday? 你昨天7点到9点在做什么?
I was reading the whole morning yesterday. 我昨天一整个早上都在看书。
过去进行时的构成
(1)肯定句:主语 + was / were +动词ing形式 + 时间状语。
(2)否定句:主语 + was / were + not + 动词ing形式 + 时间状语。
(3)疑问句:was / were + 主语 + 动词ing形式 + 时间状语 ?
肯定回答:Yes , 主语 + was / were .
否定回答:No, 主语 + was / were + not .
Unit6 An old man tried to move the mountains.
1. What do you think about/of...?
So what do you think about the story of Yu Gong?=How do you like the story of Yu Gong? 你觉得愚公的故事如何?
2. It doesn’t seem adj. to do sth...
It doesn’t seem very possible to move a mountain. 把一座山给移掉好像不太可能。
3. This is because...
This is because he can make 72 changes to his shape and size, turning himself into different animals and objects. 这是因为他会根据他的形状和大小,做出72种变化,可以将自己变成不同的动物或东西。
4. … so… that+从句
Sometimes he can make the stick so small that he can keep it in his ear. 有时候他使金箍棒变得如此小以至于他可以把它放在耳朵里。
5. It takes sb. some time to do sth...
Because they were so big that it took a long time to walk to the other side. 因为它们如此之大以至于走到另一边花费了很长时间。
6. ...not...until十从句 直到......才......
Don’t eat it until you get to the forest. 你们到达森林之后才能吃。
7. shoot v.射,射击,过去式shot
Hou Yi shoots the sun. 后羿射日。
shoot at sth. 瞄准/朝......射击
8. as soon as…“一…...就...…,刚...…就...…”
I will tell him the news as soon as he comes back. 他一回来我就把消息告诉他。
He took out his English book as soon as he sat down. 他一坐下就把英语书拿出来了。
9. A god was so moved by Yu Gong that he send two gods to take the mountains away.
(1) move v. 打动;使感动
be moved (by sth./sb.) (被某人/事)感动
I was moves by your kindness. 我被你的善良打动了。
(2)take (…) away(把......)带走,拿走
Someone took my iPhone away while I was waiting in the station. 当我在车站等车的时候,有人拿走了我的iphone。
take out 带出去,拿出去
take turns (to do…) 轮流做某事
10. remind v.“提醒,使想起”,及物动词
(1) remind sb. of sth. 让我们想起某事
The old photo reminds me of my childhood. 这张老照片让我想起了我的童年。
(2) remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事:
My parents often remind me to study hard. 我的父母总是提醒我要努力学习。
11. I think it’s a little bit silly. 我认为那有点儿傻。
a little bit 意为“有点儿”,后加形容词,相当于a little,a bit
This is a little bit difficult for me. 这对我来说有点难。
12. turn...into... “把......变成......”
Please turn this into English. 请把这个译成英语。
Joan is turning into a skilled musician. 琼正在变成一个技艺精湛的音乐家。
13. at other times “平时,有时,在其他时候”
At other times he doesn’t have to get up at all. 平时他根本不必起来。
Sometimes we went to the beach and at other times we went to climb the mountains. 我们有时候去海滩,有时去爬山。
14. come out
(1) 出版
That magazine comes out every Monday. 那本杂志每周一出版。
(2) 出来,出现,开花
The stars come out as soon as it was dark. 天一黑星星就出来了。
(2) 传出,真相大白
The truth has come out at last. 最后真相大白了。
15. become interested in,对…...感兴趣 = be interested in,后接名词,代词,动名词
I became interested in piano. 我对钢琴感兴趣。
16. whole adj. 全部的,整体的
whole后通常跟可数名词,前加the/this/ my等形容词性物主代词修饰
The old man told us the whole story. 老人给我们讲了整个故事。
all也指”所有的”,修饰可数或不可数名词,放在the/ this/ my等词前。
17. be made of… 由......制成,看得出原材料;
be made from… 由......制成,看不出原材料。
Unit7 What’s the highest mountain in the world?
1. It is adj. + (for sb. ) to do sth.
It is very hard to take in air as you get near the top. 当你接近山顶时,连呼吸都会困难。
2. ... is because ...
One of the main reasons is because people want to challenge themselves in the face of difficulties. 其中的一个主要的原因是人们想要在面临困难时挑战自己。
3. ...show(s) (sb) that...
The spirit of these climbers shows us that we should never give up trying to achieve our dreams. 这些登山者的精神向我们证明:我们永远都不应 该放弃实现自己的梦想。
4. 表达事物的长,宽,高,深……?
sth. /sb. +be+数量+单位+形容词long, wide, tall, deep。
The river is 2 meters deep.
Qomolangma is 8,844.43 meters high.
long---length (n. 长度)
wide---width (n. 宽度)
deep---depth(n. 深度)
high----height(n.高度)
the length/depth/ width/height/size of sth. … 的长度,深度,宽度,高度,面积
5. 问事物的高,深,宽,长…?
How high/deep/tall/wide/long/is...?
How high is Qomolangma? 珠穆朗玛峰有多高?
6. The first Chinese team did so in1960, while the first woman to succeed was Junko Tabei.
1) while, 此处是“而,然而,”轻微对比。不是“当…时候”, 用在句中,前面有逗号。
2) succeed. v. 成功
succeed in doing sth.
He succeeded in finishing the work. 他成功的完成了工作。
success n.“成功”不可数
Confidence is the key to success. 自信是成功的关键。
success n. “成功的人,物”,可数
He is a great success. 他是一个很成功的人。
successful adj. 成功的, successfully adj. 成功地
7. Adult pandas spend more than12 hours a day eating 10 kilos of bamboo.
bamboo 做“竹子做的食物”或“竹子制品”不可数,bamboo chair;但做植物讲时可数。
1) sb. spend + time/money + on sth./in doing sth.
2) sb. pay +money +for sth. 某人为某物支付多少钱
3) It takes sb + time+ to do sth. 花费某人多长时间做某事
4) sth + cost +money 某物值多少钱。
8. Canada is a lot less crowded than China. 加拿大不及中国拥挤很多。
less+adj+than 不及......
Joseph is less honest than his brother. 约瑟夫不像他兄弟那样诚实。
less than (中间不加任何词)“少于” There are less than 30 girls in my class. 我们班不足30个女生。
more than (中间不加任何词)“超过,多于,相当于over”
There are more than 30 girls in my class. 我们班有超过30个女生。
Unit8 Have you read Treasure Island?
1. Have you read Little Woman yet? 你读过《小妇人》这本书吗?
现在完成时的基本句型:
肯定式:主语 + 助动词have/has + 动词的过去分词。
疑问式:助动词Have/Has + 主语 + 动词的过去分词?
否定式: 主语 + 助动词have/has + not + 动词的过去分词。
现在完成时的主要用法
1)表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。常和副词already, yet, never, ever ,before ,just等连用。.
I have finished my homework. I am free. (我已经完成了家庭作业,对现在造成的结果是很有空)
2)表示过去已经开始, 持续到现在的动作或状态。常与since + 过去的时间点, for + 一段时间,so far 等时间状语连用。
I have learnt English for more than ten years. 我已经学了10多年的英语。(从10年前开始,持续到现在还在学)
She has swum since half an hour before. 我已经游泳了半个小时。(半个小时前已经开始游泳,到现在还在游)
already/yet的区别:
already 往往用于肯定句,用在疑问句时表示强调或加强语气;yet 用于否定句和疑问句。
He has already left here. 他已经离开这里了。
My parents haven’t had breakfast yet. 我的父母还没吃早餐。
2. What’s it like? 它怎么样?
某物怎么样? What’s +物+like?
How+be + 物? 某人怎么样?
What’s +人+like? 用来提问人的性格
What do / does +人 + look like?用来提问人的外表
3. Oliver Twist is about a boy who went out to sea and found an Island full of treasures.
《雾都孤儿》讲的是一个小男孩出海并发现了一个满是珠宝的小岛的故事。
full of 充满
be full of = be filled with 充满
The cup is full of water =The cup is filled with water.
be full for 对…很忙 This week is full for me.
4. It’s about four sisters growing up. 它讲述的是四个姐妹的成长故事。
grow up 长大;成长
I grew up in Beijing. 我在北京长大。
grow into 长大成为
Mary grew into a beautiful girl. 玛丽长成了一个漂亮的女孩。
5. You should hurry up. 你得快点。
hurry up 赶快;急忙(做某事)(用在口语中,用来催促别人快走)
in a hurry=in one’s hurry 匆忙地
hurry to do sth 匆忙去做
hurry sb. 催促某人
6. One of them died but the other ran towards my house. 他们中的一个人死了,另一个朝我的房子这边跑过来了。
the other 另一个 , one …the other一个….另一个(仅用两者间)
other 泛指其他的人、物 作形容词或代词,其后接名词的复数形式
others 泛指另外几个,其余的 是other的复数形式,在句中作主语、宾语
the others 其他东西;其余的人们,特指某一范围的“其他的人或物”
another 其他的;再一个;另一个,只能用于三个或更多的人或物
7. think of / think about / think over辨析
(1)think of, 固定短语,表示“提到(某人、某物、某事或某主意等),考虑,思考,对......有某种看法”,后接名词,代词、动词-ing形式。
--- What do you think of your Chinese teacher?
--- I like her very much.
(2)think of 表示“思考,考虑,对......有某种看法”时,可以与think about 互换。
What do you think of the movie? = What do you think about the movie?
(3)think of 表示“想出,想着,想起”时,不可用think about 代替。
I always think of my childhood. 我总是想起我的童年。
(4)think over意为“仔细考虑,认真考虑”,强调思考的程度比think of/about深,相当于think about...carefully。 其中over是副词,宾语若是名词,则可位于over之前或之后;当宾语是代词时,则必须放在over之前。
Think it over before you do it. 三思而后行。
Unit9 Have you ever been to an amusement park?
1. —Have you ever been to…? ---你曾经去过游乐园吗?
—Yes,I have. / No,I haven’t. ---是的,去过。/不,没去过。
I/He/She have / has never been to… 我/他/她从没去过……
I/He/She have / has been to… many times. 我/他/她去过...…很多次。
I’d like to go there again. 我还想再去一次。
2. — Have you ever been to an amusement park? ---你曾经去过游乐园吗?
— Yes,I have. / No,I haven’t. ---是的,去过。/不,没去过。 点拨1
have been to+地点 去过某地
I have been to Beijing. 我去过北京。
辨析:have been to+sp.与 have gone to +sp.
①have been to +sp., 表示去过某处,现在已经回来了,不在那里了。
We have been to Qingdao. 我们去过青岛。(现在不在青岛)
②have gone to +sp., 表示到某处去了,现在还没有回来。
They have gone to Sydney. 他们去悉尼了。(现在在悉尼或在途中)
③have been in +sp., 表示在某处呆过多长时间。
How long have you been in China? 你在中国住了多长时间?
3. neither, nor用法相同,都用于否定的倒装,意为“也不”。
so用于肯定的倒装。意为“也”。
①否定句+neither/nor+be(have, 助动词或情态动词)+另一主语,表示“也不”。
If you won’t go, neither will I. 如果你不去,我也不去。
He isn’t a teacher, neither am I. 他不是老师,我也不是。
②肯定句+so+be(have, 助动词或情态动词)+另一主语,表示“也”。
She likes apples, so does her brother. 她喜欢苹果,她弟弟也喜欢。
He is from the USA, so is his wife. 他是美国人,他妻子也是。
4. 辨析:hear,hear of与hear from
(1)hear为及物动词,意为“听见,听到”,后可跟复合宾语
hear sb do sth表示“听见某人做了某事”或hear sb doing sth表示“听见某人正做某事”。
We listened but could hear nothing. 我们留心听,却什么也没有听见。
I heard her singing in her room. 我听见她正在房间里唱歌。
(2)hear还可作“听说”讲,后常跟that引导的宾语从句。
I heard that he was ill. 我听说他病了。
I heard that it’s a good film. 我听说那是部好影片。
(3)hear of意为“听说”,后跟人或物作宾语。
I’ve never heard of that place. 我从未听说过那个地方。
Have you ever heard of that story? 你听说过那个故事吗?
(4)hear from意为“收到某人的来信”,后跟人作宾语。
How often do you hear from your sister? 你多长时间收到你姐姐的一次信?
I heard from him last week. 我上周收到他的信。
5. find,find out与look for都含有“寻找,找到”的意思,但其含义和用法却不同。
(1)find意为“找到,发现”,通常指找到或发现具体的东西,也可指偶然发现某物或某种情况,强调的是找的结果。
Will you find me a pen? 你替我找支钢笔好吗?
He didn’t find his bike. 他没找到他的自行车。
(2)look for意为“寻找”,是有目的地找,强调“寻找”这一动作。
I don’t find my pen;I’m looking for it everywhere. 我没有找到我的钢笔,我正到处找。
(3)find out意为“找出,发现,查明”,多指通过调查、询问、打听、研究之后“搞清楚,弄明白”,通常含有“经过困难曲折”的含义,指找出较难找到的、无形的、抽象的东西。
Please find out when the train leaves. 请查一下火车什么时候离站。
Read this passage,and find out the answer to this question. 读这篇短文,找出这个问题的答案。
Unit10 I’ve had this bike for three years.
1. Some… Others...
Some people still live in their hometown. However, others may only see it once or twice a year.
有些人仍然住在家乡。然而,另一些人可能一年只能回家乡一两次。
2. As for me, I did not want to give up my football shirts, but, to be honest,I have not played for a while now.
至于我,我不想放弃我的足球衣。但是,说实在的,我现在巳经有一段时间没有踢(足球)了。
3. Have you ever thought about having a yard sale to sell your things? 你是否曾经想过要举办一个庭院拍卖会来出售东西?
4. What would you do with the money you raise? 你会怎么处理你所筹集到的钱?
5. 与现在完成时连用的时间状语
already (肯定句);yet (否定或疑问);just;before;never;ever;recently最近;so far 到目前为止;
表示次数的词,如:once, twice, three times;
for+时间段= since+时间段+ago;since+过去时间点;since+过去时的句子;
how long;these days等
附:常见的非延续动词转换为延续性动词表。
1. 转换为相应的延续性动词。
borrow — keep
buy — have
put on — wear
catch/get a cold — have a cold
get to know — know
get to sleep — sleep
2. 转化为“be + 形容词/副词/介词/名词”
close — be closed
open — be open
die — be dead
become — be
fall sleep — be asleep
wake up — be awake
make friends — be friends
fall/get ill — be ill
lose — be lost/missing
marry — be married
leave (+地点) — be away (from +地点)
come back/go back/return — be back
begin / start — be on
go out — be out
finish — be over
get up — be up
go to bed — be in bed
join — be in/be a member of
get to/arrive in(at)/reach — be (in/at)
come to/go to/move to — be (in/at)
初中数学篇
第一章整式的运算
一、单项式、单项式的次数:
只含有数字与字母的积的代数式叫做单项式。单独的一个数或一个字母也是单项式。 一个单项式中,所有字母的指数的和叫做这个单项式的次数。
二、多项式
几个单项式的和叫做多项式。其中每个单项式叫做这个多项式的项。多项式中不含字母的项叫做常数项。多项式中次数最高的项的次数,叫做这个多项式的次数。
信息来源:公众号-西南家长联盟
三、整式:
单项式和多项式统称为整式。
四、整式的加减法:
整式加减法的一般步骤:
(1)去括号;
(2)合并同类项。
五、幂的运算性质:
五、幂的运算性质:
1、同底数幂的乘法:
2、幂的乘方:
3、积的乘方:
4、同底数幂的除法:
六、零指数幂和负整数指数幂:
1、零指数幂:
2、负整数指数幂:
信息来源:公众号-西南家长联盟
七、整式的乘除法:
1、单项式乘以单项式:
法则:单项式与单项式相乘,把它们的系数、p是正整数相同字母的幂分别相乘,其余的字母连同它的指数不变,作为积的因式。
2、单项式乘以多项式:
法则:单项式与多项式相乘,就是根据分配律用单项式去乘多项式的每一项,再把所得的积相加。
3、多项式乘以多项式:
多项式与多项式相乘,先用一个多项式的每一项乘另一个多项式的每一项,再把所得的积相加。
信息来源:公众号-西南家长联盟
4、单项式除以单项式:
单项式相除,把系数、同底数幂分别相除后,作为商的因式;对于只在被除式里含有的字母,则连同它的指数一起作为商的一个因式。
5、多项式除以单项式:
多项式除以单项式,先把这个多项式的每一项分别除以单项式,再把所得的商相加。
八、整式乘法公式:
1、平方差公式:
2、完全平方公式:
第二章 平行线与相交线
一、余角和补角:
1、余角:
定义:如果两个角的和是直角,那么称这两个角互为余角。
性质:同角或等角的余角相等。
2、补角:
定义:如果两个角的和是平角,那么称这两个角互为补角。
性质:同角或等角的补角相等。
二、对顶角:
我们把两条直线相交所构成的四个角中,有公共顶点且角的两边互为反向延长线的两个角叫做对顶角。
对顶角的性质:对顶角相等。
三、同位角、内错角、同旁内角:
直线AB,CD与EF相交(或者说两条直线AB,CD被第三条直线EF所截),构成八个角。其中∠1与∠5这两个角分别在AB,CD的上方,并且在EF的同侧,像这样位置相同的一对角叫做同位角;∠3与∠5这两个角都在AB,CD之间,并且在EF的异侧,像这样位置的两个角叫做内错角;∠3与∠6在直线AB,CD之间,并侧在EF的同侧,像这样位置的两个角叫做同旁内角。
四、平行线的判定:
1、两条直线被第三条直线所截,如果同位角相等,那么两直线平行。 简称:同位角相等,两直线平行。
2、两条直线被第三条直线所截,如果内错角相等,那么两直线平行。 简称:内错角相等,两直线平行。
3、两条直线被第三条直线所截,如果同旁内角互补,那么两直线平行。 简称:同旁内角互补,两直线平行。
补充平行线的判定方法:
(1)平行于同一条直线的两直线平行。
(2)在同一平面内,垂直于同一条直线的两直线平行。
(3)平行线的定义。
五、平行线的性质:
(1)两直线平行,同位角相等。
(2)两直线平行,内错角相等。
信息来源:公众号-西南家长联盟
(3)两直线平行,同旁内角互补。
六、尺规作图:
1、作一条线段等于已知线段。
2、作一个角等于已知角。
第三章 生活中的数据
一、科学记数法:
一般地,一个绝对值较小的数可以表示成
的形式,其中1≤|a|<10,n是负整数。
二、近似数和有效数字:
1、近似数:
利用四舍五入法取一个数的近似数时,四舍五入到哪一位,就说这个近似数精确到哪一位。
2、有效数字:
对于一个近似数,从左边第一个不是0的数字起,到精确到的数位止,所有的数字都叫做这个近似数的有效数字。
第四章 概率
一、事件发生的可能性;
人们通常用1(或100)来表示必然事件发生的可能性,用0来表示不可能事件发生的可能性。
二、游戏是否公平:
游戏对双方公平是指双方获胜的可能性相同。
信息来源:公众号-西南家长联盟
三、摸到红球的概率:
1、概率的意义
P(摸到红球)=摸到红球可能出现的结果数/摸出一球可能出现的结果数
2、确定事件和不确定事件的概率:
(1)必然事件发生的概率为1记作P(必然事件)=1;
(2)不可能事件发生的概率为0,P(不可能事件)=0;
(3)如果A为不确定事件 ,那么0
信息来源:公众号-西南家长联盟
3、概率的求法:
一般地,如果在一次试验中,有n种可能的结果,并且它们发生的可能性都相等,事件A包含其中的m个结果,那么事件A发生的概率为P(A)=m/n。
第五章三角形
一、三角形及其有关概念
1、三角形:
由不在同一直线上的三条线段首尾顺次相接所组成的图形叫做三角形。组成三角形的线段叫做三角形的边;相邻两边的公共端点叫做三角形的顶点;相邻两边所组成的角叫做三角形的内角,简称三角形的角。
2、三角形的表示:
三角形用符号“△”表示,顶点是A、B、C的三角形记作“△ABC”,读作“三角形ABC”。
3、三角形的三边关系:
(1)三角形的两边之和大于第三边。
信息来源:公众号-西南家长联盟
(2)三角形的两边之差小于第三边。
(3)作用:
①判断三条已知线段能否组成三角形
②当已知两边时,可确定第三边的范围。
③证明线段不等关系。
4、三角形的内角的关系:
(1)三角形三个内角和等于180°。
(2)直角三角形的两个锐角互余。
5、三角形的稳定性:
三角形的形状是固定的,三角形的这个性质叫做三角形的稳定性。
6、三角形的分类:
(1)三角形按边分类:
信息来源:公众号-西南家长联盟
不等边三角形、等边三角形、等腰三角形
(2)三角形按角分类:
锐角三角形、直角三角形、钝角三角形
把边和角联系在一起,我们又有一种特殊的三角形:等腰直角三角形。它是两条直角边相等的直角三角形。
7、角形的三种重要线段:
(1)三角形的角平分线:
定义:在三角形中,一个内角的平分线与它的对边相交,这个角的顶点与交点之间的线段叫做三角形的角平分线。
性质:三角形的三条角平分线交于一点。交点在三角形的内部。
(2)三角形的中线:
定义:在三角形中,连接一个顶点和它对边的中点的线段叫做三角形的中线。 性质:三角形的三条中线交于一点,交点在三角形的内部。
(3)三角形的高线:
定义:从三角形一个顶点向它的对边所在直线作垂线,顶
点和垂足之间的线段叫做三角形的高线(简称三角形的高)。
性质:三角形的三条高所在的直线交于一点。
信息来源:公众号-西南家长联盟
锐角三角形的三条高线的交点在它的内部;
直角三角形的三条高线的交点是它的斜边的中点;
钝角三角形的三条高所在的直线的交点在它的外部;
8、三角形的面积:
二、全等图形:
定义:能够完全重合的两个图形叫做全等图形。
性质:全等图形的形状和大小都相同。
三、全等三角形
1、全等三角形及有关概念:
能够完全重合的两个三角形叫做全等三角形。两个三角形全等时,互相重合的顶点叫做对应顶点,互相重合的边叫做对应边,互相重合的角叫做对应角。
信息来源:公众号-西南家长联盟
2、全等三角形的表示:
全等用符号“≌”表示,读作“全等于”。如△ABC≌△DEF,读作“三角形ABC全等于三角形DEF”。
注:记两个全等三角形时,通常把表示对应顶点的字母写在对应的位置上。
3、全等三角形的性质:
全等三角形的对应边相等,对应角相等。
4、三角形全等的判定:
(1)边边边:有三边对应相等的两个三角形全等(可简写成“边边边”或“SSS”)。
(2)角边角:两角和它们的夹边对应相等的两个三角形全等(可简写成“角边角”或“ASA”)
(3)角角边:两角和其中一角的对边对应相等的两个三角形全等(可简写成“角角边”或“AAS”)
信息来源:公众号-西南家长联盟
(4)边角边:两边和它们的夹角对应相等的两个三角形全等(可简写成“边角边”或“SAS”)
直角三角形全等的判定:
对于特殊的直角三角形,判定它们全等时,还有HL定理(斜边、直角边定理):斜边和一条直角边对应相等的两个直角三角形全等(可简写成“斜边、直角边”或“HL”)。
第六章 变量之间的关系
1、变量、自变量、因变量:
(1)在某一变化过程中,不断变化的量叫做变量。
(2)如果一个变量y随另一个变量x的变化而变化,则把x叫做自变量,y叫做因变量。
(3)自变量与因变量的确定:
①自变量是先发生变化的量;因变量是后发生变化的量。
信息来源:公众号-西南家长联盟
②自变量是主动发生变化的量,因变量是随着自变量的变化而发生变化的量。 ③利用具体情境来体会两者的依存关系。
2、函数的三种表示法:
(1)关系式法
(2)列表法
(3)图像法
三种变量之间关系的表达方法与特点:
第七章 生活中的轴对称
一、轴对称
1、轴对称图形:
如果一个图形沿一条直线折叠后,直线两旁的部分能够互相重合,那么这个图形叫做轴对称图形,这条直线叫做对称轴。
2、轴对称:
对于两个图形,如果沿一条直线对折后,它们能够完全重合,那么称这两个图形成轴 对称,这条直线就是对称轴。
3、性质:
(1)对应点所连的线段被对称轴垂直平分。
信息来源:公众号-西南家长联盟
(2)对应线段相等,对应角相等。
二、角平分线的性质:
角平分线上的点到这个角的两边的距离相等。
三、线段的垂直平分线(简称中垂线):
定义:垂直于一条线段并且平分这条线段的直线是这条线段的垂直平分线。 性质:线段垂直平分线上的点到这条线段两个端点的距离相等。
四、等腰三角形
1、等腰三角形:
有两条边相等的三角形叫做等腰三角形。
信息来源:公众号-西南家长联盟
2、等腰三角形的性质:
(1)等腰三角形的两个底角相等
(2)等腰三角形顶角的平分线、底边上的中线、底边上的高重合(也称“三线合一”),
(3)等腰三角形是轴对称图形,等腰三角形顶角的平分线、底边上的中线、底边上的高它们所在的直线都是等腰三角形的对称轴。
3、等腰三角形的判定:
(1)有两条边相等的三角形是等腰三角形。
(2)如果一个三角形有两个角相等,那么它们所对的边也相等
五、等边三角形:
1、等边三角形:
三边都相等的三角形叫做等边三角形。
信息来源:公众号-西南家长联盟
2、等边三角形的性质:
(1)具有等腰三角形的所有性质。
(2)等边三角形的各个角都相等,并且每个角都等于60°。
3、等边三角形的判定
(1)三边都相等的三角形是等边三角形。
(2)三个角都相等的三角形是等边三角形。
信息来源:公众号-西南家长联盟
(3)有一个角是60°的等腰三角形是等边三角形。
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