初中英语重点语法精讲3《定语从句》知识点讲解
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定语从句在初中英语中的重要性主要体现在完型、阅读和写作中，因此能否较好的掌握定语从句直接关系到你英语成绩的好坏。其实定语从句并不难，让我们一起来学习吧！
定语从句的概念
在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。
引导定语从句的关系词
引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that、which、who（宾格whom，所有格whose）等，关系副词包括where、when、why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。
定语从句的分类
1、that既可以用于人，也可以用于物。在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。作主语时不可省略，作宾语时可省略。
如：Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.（that作主语）
The coat (that) i put on the desk is blue.（that作宾语）
2、which用于物，在句中作主语、宾语或表语。作主语不可省略。
如：The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.（作主语）
The film （which）we saw last night was wonderful.（作宾语）
3、who、whom用于人，who用作主语，whom用作宾语。在口语中，有时可用who代替whom。who和whom作宾语时也可省略。如：the girl who often helps me with my english is form England.（作主语）
who is the teacher （whom）Li Ming is talking to?（作宾语）
注意：
1).当定语从句中含有介词，词放在句末时，who,whom , that , which 可省略，但介词在关系代词前时，只能用“介词＋which/whom”结构。
如：This is the house in which we lived last year.
please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.
2).含有介词的固定动词词组中，介词不可前置，
只能放在原来的位置上。
如：This is the person whom you are looking for.
3).that 作介词的宾语时，介词不能放它的前面，只能放在从句中动词的后面。
如：The city that she lives in is very far away.
4）.关系词只能用that的情况：
a.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，只能用that,而不用which.
如：He was the first person that passed the exam.
b.被修饰的先行词为 all, any, much, many ,everything, anything, none, the one等不定代词指物时，只能用that,而不用 which.
如：Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop?
c.先行词被 the only,the very, the same,the last, little,few 等词修饰时，只能用that,而不用 which.
如：This is the same bike that I lost.
d.先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用that,而不用which.
如：I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.
e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句 为避免重复，只能用that.
如：Who is the girl that is crying ?
f.主句是there be 结构，修饰主语的定语从句用that,而不用which,
如：There is a book on the desk that belongs toTom.
（5).关系词只能用which,而不用that的情况：
a.先行词为that,those时，用which,而不用that.
如：What' s that which is under the desk ?
b.关系代词前有介词时，which,而不用that.
如：This is the room in which he lives.
c.引导非限制性定语从句，先行词指事物时，用which,而不用that,
如：Tom came back , which made us happy.
关系副词的用法
1.when 指时间，其先行词表示时间，when在定语从句中作时间状语。
如：This was the time when he arrived.
2.where指地点，其先行词表示地点，where 在定语从句中作地点状语。
如：This is place where he works.
3.why 指原因，其先行词是原因，why在定语从中做原因状语。
如：Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school.
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