初中英语重点语法精讲 11《一般现在时，结构、用法》知识点讲解
获取配套课件教案习题试卷请拉到文末
一般现在时（The Simple Present Tense）是我们英语学习中接触到的第一个时态，也是初一英语最重要的语法内容之一。大家一起全方位学习一下吧！
一、一般现在时有三种形式
1. 谓语是be（am/is/are）的一般现在时。
①肯定形式：主语+be+表语（形容词、名词充当表语）。
I am hungry.
You are beautiful.
He is a doctor.
②否定形式：主语+be+not+表语（形容词、名词充当表语）。
I am not hungry.
You aren't beautiful.
He isn't a doctor.
③一般疑问句形式：Be+主语+表语（形容词、名词充当表语）?
肯定回答：Yes,主语+be. 否定回答：No, 主语+ be+not.
—Are you hungry?
—Yes，I am./No,I'm not.
—Is he a doctor?
—Yes, he is./No, he isn,t.
④特殊疑问句形式：特殊疑问词+Be开头的一般疑问句?
—What is he?
—He is a doctor.
注意：be要随着主语变。
2. 谓语动词是实义动词（及物动词或不及物动词）的一般现在时。
①肯定形式：“主语+及物动词+宾语”或“主语+不及物动词”。
She has a little brother.
她有一个弟弟。
The sun rises in the east.
太阳从东方升起。
②否定形式：“主语+don't/doesn't+及物动词+宾语”或“主语+don't/doesn't+不及物动词”。
She doesn't have a little brother.
她没有弟弟。
I don't eat every morning.
我每天早晨都不吃饭。
③一般疑问句形式：“Do/Does+主语+及物动词原形+宾语”或“Do/Does+主语+不及物动词原形”。
肯定回答：Yes,主语+do/does. 否定回答是：No, 主语+ don't/doesn't.
—Do you eat every morning?
—Yes, I do./No, I don't.
—Does she have a little brother?
—Yes, she does./No, she doesn't.
④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+do/does开头的一般疑问句？
What do you like?
When do you go to school?
注意：根据主语确定用do还是does。
3. 谓语是情态动词can/may...+动词原形的一般现在时。
①肯定形式：主语+情态动词can/may.....+动词原形+宾语。
I can finish my homework.
②否定形式：主语+情态动词can/may.....+not+动词原形+宾语。
I can't finish my homework.
③一般疑问句形式：情态动词Can/May.....+主语+动词原形+主语+宾语。
肯定回答是：Yes,主语+情态动词. 否定回答是：No, 主语+ 情态动词+not.
—Can you finish your homework?
—Yes，I can./No, I can't.
④特殊疑问句形式：特殊疑问词+情态动词can/may.....开头的一般疑问句？
—What can you do?
—I can do my homework.
注意：情态动词can/may.....+动词原形。
1. 谓语是be（am/is/are）的一般现在时。
①肯定形式：主语+be+表语（形容词、名词充当表语）。
I am hungry.
You are beautiful.
He is a doctor.
②否定形式：主语+be+not+表语（形容词、名词充当表语）。
I am not hungry.
You aren't beautiful.
He isn't a doctor.
③一般疑问句形式：Be+主语+表语（形容词、名词充当表语）?
肯定回答：Yes,主语+be. 否定回答：No, 主语+ be+not.
—Are you hungry?
—Yes，I am./No,I'm not.
—Is he a doctor?
—Yes, he is./No, he isn,t.
④特殊疑问句形式：特殊疑问词+Be开头的一般疑问句?
—What is he?
—He is a doctor.
注意：be要随着主语变。
2. 谓语动词是实义动词（及物动词或不及物动词）的一般现在时。
①肯定形式：“主语+及物动词+宾语”或“主语+不及物动词”。
She has a little brother.
她有一个弟弟。
The sun rises in the east.
太阳从东方升起。
②否定形式：“主语+don't/doesn't+及物动词+宾语”或“主语+don't/doesn't+不及物动词”。
She doesn't have a little brother.
她没有弟弟。
I don't eat every morning.
我每天早晨都不吃饭。
③一般疑问句形式：“Do/Does+主语+及物动词原形+宾语”或“Do/Does+主语+不及物动词原形”。
肯定回答：Yes,主语+do/does. 否定回答是：No, 主语+ don't/doesn't.
—Do you eat every morning?
—Yes, I do./No, I don't.
—Does she have a little brother?
—Yes, she does./No, she doesn't.
④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+do/does开头的一般疑问句？
What do you like?
When do you go to school?
注意：根据主语确定用do还是does。
3. 谓语是情态动词can/may...+动词原形的一般现在时。
①肯定形式：主语+情态动词can/may.....+动词原形+宾语。
I can finish my homework.
②否定形式：主语+情态动词can/may.....+not+动词原形+宾语。
I can't finish my homework.
③一般疑问句形式：情态动词Can/May.....+主语+动词原形+主语+宾语。
肯定回答是：Yes,主语+情态动词. 否定回答是：No, 主语+ 情态动词+not.
—Can you finish your homework?
—Yes，I can./No, I can't.
④特殊疑问句形式：特殊疑问词+情态动词can/may.....开头的一般疑问句？
—What can you do?
—I can do my homework.
注意：情态动词can/may.....+动词原形。
二、一般现在时的用法
1. 一般现在时表示现在的状态 ；表示经常性或习惯性的动作；表示主语具备的性格和能力；表示客观事实或普遍真理等。例如：
He is twelve.
他十二岁了。
I go to school at seven every day.
我每天七点去上学。
They can speak Japanese.
他们会说日语。
2. 一般现在时常和表示时间的频度副词连用。如：often, usually, sometimes, always, never等。例如：
I often read books in the evening.
我经常在晚上读书。
Do they usually go to school by bike?
他们通常骑自行车去上学吗？
He doesn’t like milk. He never drinks it.
他不喜欢牛奶。他从来不喝它。
Sometimes my mother gets back at five.
有时候妈妈五点钟回来。
3. 一般现在时也常和以下时间表达法连用。如：in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, at noon, at night, every day, on Sunday(s), at seven 等。例如：
Do they have math in the morning?
他们早上有数学课吗？
She sleeps nine hours every night.
她每晚睡九个小时。
It takes me two hours to do my homework every day.
每天写作业花费我两个小时的时间。
They don’t have classes on Sundays.
他们周日不上课。
4. 一般现在时表示将来含义
a. 下列瞬时动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时可以表示将来，主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。
例如：The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。
----When does the bus star? 汽车什么时候开?
----It stars in ten minutes. 十分钟后。
b. 在主从复合句中，当主句是一般将来时，时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将来要发生的动作，即所谓的“主将从现”。
例如：When Bill comes (不是will come), ask him to wait for me. 比尔来后，让他等我。
I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那里，就写信给你。
1. 一般现在时表示现在的状态 ；表示经常性或习惯性的动作；表示主语具备的性格和能力；表示客观事实或普遍真理等。例如：
He is twelve.
他十二岁了。
I go to school at seven every day.
我每天七点去上学。
They can speak Japanese.
他们会说日语。
2. 一般现在时常和表示时间的频度副词连用。如：often, usually, sometimes, always, never等。例如：
I often read books in the evening.
我经常在晚上读书。
Do they usually go to school by bike?
他们通常骑自行车去上学吗？
He doesn’t like milk. He never drinks it.
他不喜欢牛奶。他从来不喝它。
Sometimes my mother gets back at five.
有时候妈妈五点钟回来。
3. 一般现在时也常和以下时间表达法连用。如：in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, at noon, at night, every day, on Sunday(s), at seven 等。例如：
Do they have math in the morning?
他们早上有数学课吗？
She sleeps nine hours every night.
她每晚睡九个小时。
It takes me two hours to do my homework every day.
每天写作业花费我两个小时的时间。
They don’t have classes on Sundays.
他们周日不上课。
4. 一般现在时表示将来含义
a. 下列瞬时动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时可以表示将来，主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。
例如：The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。
----When does the bus star? 汽车什么时候开?
----It stars in ten minutes. 十分钟后。
b. 在主从复合句中，当主句是一般将来时，时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将来要发生的动作，即所谓的“主将从现”。
例如：When Bill comes (不是will come), ask him to wait for me. 比尔来后，让他等我。
I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那里，就写信给你。
三、动词第三人称单数的构成
1. 动词原形后面直接加-s
look—looks
read—reads
play—plays
stop—stops
2. 在以字母s, x,ch,sh,o结尾的动词后加-es
miss—misses
fix—fixes
watch—watches
wash—washes
go—goes
do—does
3. 辅音字母加y结尾的动词变y为i，再加-es
carry–carries
study–studies
hurry–hurries
cry–cries
4. 特殊变化
have-has
be-is
1. 动词原形后面直接加-s
look—looks
read—reads
play—plays
stop—stops
2. 在以字母s, x,ch,sh,o结尾的动词后加-es
miss—misses
fix—fixes
watch—watches
wash—washes
go—goes
do—does
3. 辅音字母加y结尾的动词变y为i，再加-es
carry–carries
study–studies
hurry–hurries
cry–cries
4. 特殊变化
have-has
be-is
巩固演练
一、用所给词的正确形式填空
1.Mike sometimes ______(go)to the park with his sister.
2..At eight at night,she ______(watch)TV with his parents.
3._____ Mike____(read)English every day?
4.How many lessons ____your classmate___(have)on Monday?
5.What time ____his mother_____(do)the housework?
6.He often ____(have)dinner at home.
7.Daniel and Tommy___(be)in Class One.
8.We____(not watch)TV on Monday.
9.Nick ____(not go)to the zoo on Sunday.
10.They_____(like)the World Cup?
11.What ___they often ___(do)on Saturdays
12.Your parents____(read)newspapers every day?
13.The girl____(teach)us English on Sundays.
14.She and I _____(take)a walk together every evening.
15.There_____(be)some water in the bottle.
二、按要求改句子
1.Do you often play football after school?(肯定回答)
2.I have many books.（改为否定句）
3.Gao Shan’s sister likes playing table tennis（改为否定句）
4.She lives in a small town near New York.（改为一般疑问句）
5.I watch TV every day.（改为一般疑问句）
参考答案
一、用所给词正确形式填空
goes 2.watches 3.Does read
4.do have 5.does do 6.has 7.are
8.don’t watch 9.doesn’t go
10. likes 11.do do
12. read 13.teaches 14.take 15.is
二、根据要求改写句子
1.Yes,I/we do.
2.I don’t have many books.
3.Gao Shan’s sister doesn\'t like playing table tennis.
4.Does she live in a small town near New York?
5.Do you watch TV every day?
中小学科目资源【预习】中小学语、数、英、数、理、化、政、史、地、音、体、美、科学等汇总目录资料
【预习】中小学语、数、英、数、理、化、政、史、地、音、体、美、科学等汇总目录资料
扫码关注我们
识别二维码，即可关注