国外权威期刊目录ERE·环境资源经济学（总第189期）

期刊介绍

ERE的主要关注点是将经济学理论和方法应用于需要详细分析以改进管理策略的环境问题和问题。当代环境辩论处于不断变化的状态，新的或相对未探索的话题不断涌现。该杂志为进一步探索与这些主题相关的原因、后果和政策反应提供了一个论坛，涵盖了一系列空间和时间尺度，直至全球层面。特别感兴趣的领域包括评估和制定环境政策工具；成本效益和成本效益分析；部门环境政策影响分析；建模和仿真；体制安排；资源定价和环境商品估价；和环境质量指标。

本期期卷：Volume 82-Issue 1

发表日期：May 2022

来源：https://link.springer.com/journal/10640/volumes-and-issues/82-1

或点击文末“阅读原文”

2022年5月刊合集（卷82）

目     录

（1）

When is Environmentalism Good for the Environment?

环保主义什么时候对环境有益？

Marco A. Marini, Ornella Tarola, Jacques-François Thisse 

关键词：Environmentalism; Psychic costs and benefits; Vertical product differentiation; Environmental policy

（2）

Tradeable Nitrogen Abatement Practices for Diffuse Agricultural Emissions: A ‘Smart Market’ Approach

可交易的弥散性农业排放氮减排措施：“智能市场”方法

Syezlin Hasan, Line Block Hansen, James C. R. Smart, Berit Hasler, Mette Termansen 

关键词：Land use; Diffuse pollution; Leaching; Linear programming; Simulations; Water Framework Directive; Water quality trading

（3）

Does Decentralized and Voluntary Commitment Reduce Deforestation? The Effects of Programa Municípios Verdes

权力下放和自愿承诺是否减少了森林砍伐？佛得角市政府的影响

Maria Alice Moz-Christofoletti, Paula Carvalho Pereda, Wesley Campanharo 

关键词：Regression discontinuity design; Policy evaluation; Deforestation; High-resolution spatial panel

（4）

The Role of Search Frictions and Trading Ratios in Tradable Permit Markets

搜索摩擦和交易比率在可交易许可证市场中的作用

Mani Rouhi Rad, Taro Mieno, Nicholas Brozović 

关键词：Tradable permit markets; Search frictions; Transaction costs; Water markets; groundwater

（5）

Understanding the Heterogeneity in the Effect of Driving Restriction Policies on Air Quality: Evidence from Chinese Cities

分析限制性驾驶政策对空气质量影响的异质性——基于中国城市的检验

Wenbo Meng

关键词：Driving restriction policy; Air pollution; Heterogeneous policy effects; Endogeneity; Transportation policy; Environmental regulation

（6）

The Resilience of FDI to Natural Disasters Through Industrial Linkages

外国直接投资通过工业联系抵御自然灾害的能力

Hayato Kato, Toshihiro Okubo

关键词：Foreign direct investment (FDI); Multinational enterprises (MNEs); Input–output linkages; Supply chain disruptions; Multiple equilibria

（7）

Permit Markets with Political and Market Distortions

允许具有政治和市场扭曲的市场

Alex Dickson, Ian A. MacKenzie

关键词：Pollution market; Market power; Rent seeking

（8）

Information, Consequentiality and Credibility in Stated Preference Surveys: A Choice Experiment on Climate Adaptation

所述偏好调查中的信息、后果性和可信度：气候适应的选择实验

Malte Welling, Ewa Zawojska, Julian Sagebiel 

关键词：Environmental valuation; Information effects; Survey consequentiality; Scenario credibility; Urban ecosystem services; Hybrid choice model

1

When is Environmentalism Good for the Environment?

环保主义什么时候对环境有益？

Marco A. Marini, Ornella Tarola, Jacques-François Thisse 

Abstract

We study how the supply of environmentalism, which is defined by psychic benefits (costs) associated with the purchase of high-environmental (low-environmental) qualities, affects the way firms choose their prices and products and the ensuing consequences for the global level of pollution. Contrary to general belief, a high supply of environmentalism does not necessarily give rise to a better environmental outcome because it endows the green firms with more market power which they use to charge higher prices. Nonetheless, environmentalism can be used to effectively complement more traditional policy instruments such as a minimum environmental standard

摘 要

我们研究环保主义的供应，由与购买高环境（低环境）质量相关的心理效益（成本）来定义，如何影响企业选择价格和产品的方式以及随之而来的全球污染水平的后果。与普遍的看法相反，环境保护主义的高供应并不一定会产生更好的环境结果，因为它赋予了绿色企业更多的市场力量，他们用这些市场力量来收取更高的价格。尽管如此，环境保护主义可以用来有效地补充更传统的政策工具，如最低环境标准。

2

Tradeable Nitrogen Abatement Practices for Diffuse Agricultural Emissions: A ‘Smart Market’ Approach

可交易的弥散性农业排放氮减排措施：“智能市场”方法

Syezlin Hasan, Line Block Hansen, James C. R. Smart, Berit Hasler, Mette Termansen 

Abstract

Markets in pollution permits for managing environmental quality have been advocated by economists since early 1970s as a mechanism that can deliver pollution reduction targets at lower cost to regulated entities than traditional uniform command-and control approaches. This study explores whether a ‘smart market’ cap-and-trade scheme between non-point sources can offer meaningful, robust and policy amenable, advantages over alternative approaches for nitrogen management in a realistic setting: 6504 individual farms in Limfjorden catchment, Denmark. The scheme involves multilateral trading of nitrogen emission rights among farms via changes in agricultural land management practices under a catchment-level cap on total nitrogen load. In this, the first exploration of non-point to non-point smart market nitrogen trading in a real setting, we estimate efficiency gains compared to uniform command-and-control regulation, explore the robustness of these gains in the face of non-participation, and reflect on farmers’ potential acceptance of the trading market in comparison with its command-and-control analog: spatially-targeted regulation, implemented via location-specific limits on nitrogen leaching. Results indicate that the smart market has the potential to substantially reduce the cost of meeting the catchment’s nitrogen reduction target. For a 21.5% reduction from baseline nitrogen load, the market delivers cost savings of 56% (DKK273 million, €36.6 million) compared to uniform regulation, with participating farms realising a mean net benefit of DKK 723/ha (€ 97/ha). Market performance is relatively robust against transaction cost; when delivering a 21.5% reduction in nitrogen load to Limfjorden, approximately 70% of the overall efficiency gain could be retained if only 24% of farms engaged with the market.

摘 要

自1970年代初以来，经济学家一直主张将污染许可证市场用于管理环境质量，作为一种机制，可以比传统的统一命令和控制方法以更低的成本向受监管实体提供污染减排目标。本研究探讨了非点源之间的“智能市场”限额与交易计划是否可以在现实环境中提供有意义，稳健和政策适应性的优势，而不是替代方法：丹麦Limfjorden集水区的6504个个体农场。该计划涉及在总氮负荷集水区上限下改变农业用地管理实践，在农场之间进行氮排放权的多边交易。在这次对非点对点智能市场氮交易的首次探索中，我们估计了与统一的命令和控制监管相比的效率收益，探讨了这些收益在面对不参与的情况下的稳健性，并反映了农民对其命令和控制类比的潜在接受交易市场：空间目标监管，通过特定地点的氮浸出限制来实现。结果表明，智能市场有可能大幅降低实现集水区氮减排目标的成本。与基准氮负荷相比，市场可减少 21.5% 的成本（2.73 亿丹麦克朗，3660 万欧元），与统一监管相比，参与农场实现了 723 丹麦克朗/公顷（97 欧元/公顷）的平均净收益。市场表现相对于交易成本相对强劲;当向Limfjorden提供21.5%的氮负荷减少时，如果只有24%的农场参与市场，则可以保留约70%的整体效率增益。

3

Does Decentralized and Voluntary Commitment Reduce Deforestation? The Effects of Programa Municípios Verdes

权力下放和自愿承诺是否减少了森林砍伐？佛得角市政府的影响

Maria Alice Moz-Christofoletti, Paula Carvalho Pereda, Wesley Campanharo 

Abstract

One-third of total CO2 emissions from deforestation in the 2000s took place in the Amazon region, in Brazil. This paper examines the effectiveness of a locally-led policy—the Green Municipalities Programme—in curbing illegal deforestation in the Pará state, part of the legal Amazon. We combine a regression discontinuity (RD) design and a 10-year high-resolution spatial dataset (1,781,122 pixels covering 162,242 km2) to evaluate the programme’s impact. Evidence suggests that municipalities reduced deforestation only 4 years after joining the programme at about 0.01 km2 within the optional bandwidth (10 km). The effect comes mainly from municipalities traditionally with lower deforestation rates. This effect represents avoidance of 0.02 MtCO2/year released to the atmosphere, or USD 1.7 million per year of avoided damage. Since Brazil has committed through its NDC to eliminate deforestation in the Amazon by 2030, decentralized programmes focusing on indirect benefits appear to be effective only in the long run, serving as a “bonus” to support regions with relatively higher levels of forest cover

摘 要

一氧化碳总量的三分之一22000年代森林砍伐的排放发生在巴西的亚马逊地区。本文探讨了当地主导的政策——绿色市政计划——在遏制帕拉州非法砍伐森林方面的有效性，帕拉州是合法亚马逊的一部分。我们将回归不连续性 （RD） 设计和 10 年期高分辨率空间数据集（1，781，122 像素，覆盖 162，242 km）相结合2）来评估该方案的影响。有证据表明，市政当局在加入该计划后仅4年就减少了约0.01公里的森林砍伐。2在可选带宽（10 km）内。这种影响主要来自传统上森林砍伐率较低的城市。这一效应表示避免了0.02 MtCO2每年释放到大气中，或每年避免170万美元的损害。由于巴西通过其NDC承诺到2030年消除亚马逊地区的森林砍伐，因此，从长远来看，以间接利益为重点的权力下放计划似乎只有在长期内才有效，作为支持森林覆盖率相对较高的地区的“奖励”。

4

The Role of Search Frictions and Trading Ratios in Tradable Permit Markets

搜索摩擦和交易比率在可交易许可证市场中的作用

Mani Rouhi Rad, Taro Mieno, Nicholas Brozović 

Abstract

Search frictions, defined as the costs of finding trading partners, are a common feature of most permit markets. In these markets prices are not publicly available, buyers and sellers need to find their trading partners, trades often take place bilaterally, and there is often no central market-clearing mechanism. In this paper, we study the search and trading decisions of participants in a permit market with search frictions. We build an analytical model of the trading decision in a market with search frictions and show that individuals set a reservation price and an optimal search effort. The model shows that in the presence of search frictions, those who intend to trade (buy or sell) greater quantities search more. This trading behavior is not expected in a market without search frictions. Furthermore, we show that trading ratios affect the probability of trades taking place. We test the predictions of the model using a unique dataset of trades from a groundwater market with trading ratios that was designed to reduce a spatially explicit externality. We find that search frictions are significant so that buyers or sellers who trade greater quantities search more. Furthermore, we show that while the trading ratio system provides incentives to participants to reduce the spatial externality, search frictions reduces the effectiveness of the market by affecting the pool of potential trading partners for participants in the market.

摘 要

搜索摩擦，定义为寻找贸易伙伴的成本，是大多数许可证市场的一个共同特征。在这些市场中，价格不是公开的，买卖双方需要找到他们的贸易伙伴，交易往往是双边进行的，而且往往没有中央的市场清算机制。在本文中，我们研究了具有搜索摩擦的许可证市场中参与者的搜索和交易决策。我们在具有搜索摩擦的市场中建立了交易决策的分析模型，并表明个人设置了预订价格和最佳搜索工作。该模型表明，在存在搜索摩擦的情况下，那些打算交易（购买或出售）更多数量的人搜索更多。在没有搜索摩擦的市场中，这种交易行为是不可预期的。此外，我们表明交易比率会影响交易发生的概率。我们使用来自地下水市场的独特交易数据集来测试模型的预测，该交易比率旨在减少空间上明确的外部性。我们发现，搜索摩擦非常严重，因此交易量较大的买家或卖家会进行更多搜索。此外，我们表明，虽然交易比率系统为参与者提供了减少空间外部性的激励，但搜索摩擦通过影响市场参与者的潜在交易伙伴池来降低市场的有效性。

5

Understanding the Heterogeneity in the Effect of Driving Restriction Policies on Air Quality: Evidence from Chinese Cities

分析限制性驾驶政策对空气质量影响的异质性——基于中国城市的检验

Wenbo Meng

Abstract

Many cities around the world have adopted driving restriction policies to reduce vehicle emissions. However, evidence on the effectiveness of these policies is mixed. I exploit detailed and comprehensive data on Chinese cities to conduct a large-scale study of the effectiveness of a variety of driving restriction policies in a variety of locations. I estimate the monitor-specific short-run treatment effects of each driving restriction policy using a regression discontinuity in time approach, and the average treatment effect using a panel fixed-effect approach. The regression discontinuity in time estimation results show strong heterogeneity. Among the eight measures of air quality used, CO, NO2, PM2.5, PM10, and AQI respond most to driving restriction policies. The average reduction of CO and NO2 are consistent with back-of-the-envelope calculations for policies that effectively limit vehicle use. Using detailed information on the design of each policy, I show that policy details and pollution concentration are the major factors that affect the actual and estimated effects of driving restriction policies, and also a potential explanation for earlier studies that showed driving restriction policies had little effect.

摘 要

世界上许多城市都采取了驾驶限制政策来减少车辆排放。然而，关于这些政策有效性的证据好坏参半。我利用有关中国城市的详细而全面的数据，对各种地点的各种驾驶限制政策的有效性进行了大规模研究。我使用时间回归不连续性方法估计每个驾驶限制策略的监视器特定的短期治疗效果，并使用面板固定效应方法估计平均治疗效果。时间估计结果中的回归不连续性较强。在使用的八项空气质量指标中，CO，NO2，PM2.5，PM10和AQI对驾驶限制政策的反应最大。CO 和 NO2 的平均减少量与有效限制车辆使用的策略的粗略计算一致。通过对每项政策设计的详细信息，我表明政策细节和污染集中是影响驾驶限制政策的实际和估计效果的主要因素，也是对早期研究的潜在解释，这些研究表明驾驶限制政策几乎没有效果。

6

The Resilience of FDI to Natural Disasters Through Industrial Linkages

外国直接投资通过工业联系抵御自然灾害的能力

 Hayato Kato, Toshihiro Okubo

Abstract

When do multinationals show resilience during natural disasters? To answer this, we develop a simple model in which foreign multinationals and local firms in the host country are interacted through input-output linkages. When natural disasters seriously hit local firms and thus increase the cost of sourcing local intermediate inputs, most multinationals may leave the host country. However, they are likely to stay if they are tightly linked with local suppliers and face low trade costs of importing foreign intermediates. We further provide a number of extensions of the basic model to incorporate, for example, multinationals with heterogeneous productivity and disaster reconstruction.

摘 要

跨国公司在自然灾害期间何时表现出韧性？为了回答这个问题，我们开发了一个简单的模型，通过投入产出联系与东道国的外国跨国公司和当地公司进行互动。当自然灾害严重袭击当地公司，从而增加采购当地中间投入的成本时，大多数跨国公司可能会离开东道国。但是，如果它们与当地供应商紧密联系，并面临进口外国中间体的低贸易成本，它们很可能会留下来。我们进一步提供了基本模型的一些扩展，以纳入例如具有异质生产力和灾难重建的跨国公司。

7

Permit Markets with Political and Market Distortions

允许具有政治和市场扭曲的市场         

Alex Dickson, Ian A. MacKenzie

Abstract

This article investigates cap-and-trade markets in the presence of both political and market distortions. We create a model where dominant firms have the ability to rent seek for a share of pollution permits as well as influence the market equilibrium with their choice of permit exchange because of market power. We derive the equilibrium and show the interaction of these two distortions has consequences for the resulting marginal inefficiency—the extent to which a re-allocation of permits between firms can reduce equilibrium abatement costs. We find that if the regulator is not very responsive to rent seeking then marginal inefficiency reduces relative to the case without rent seeking. When the regulator is very responsive to rent seeking, if dominant rent-seeking firms are all permit buyers (sellers) then marginal inefficiency reduces (increases) relative to the case without rent seeking.

摘 要

本文探讨了存在政治和市场扭曲的限额与交易市场。我们创建了一个模型，在这种模型中，占主导地位的公司有能力通过租赁来获取污染许可证的份额，并且由于市场力量而选择许可证交换来影响市场均衡。我们推导出均衡，并表明这两种扭曲的相互作用对由此产生的边际低效率有影响——企业之间重新分配许可证可以在多大程度上降低均衡减排成本。我们发现，如果监管机构对寻租反应不是很灵敏，那么相对于没有寻租的情况，效率会降低。当监管机构对寻租反应非常迅速时，如果占主导地位的寻租公司都是许可买家（卖家），那么相对于没有寻租的情况，边际低效率就会减少（增加）。

8

Information, Consequentiality and Credibility in Stated Preference Surveys: A Choice Experiment on Climate Adaptation

所述偏好调查中的信息、后果性和可信度：气候适应的选择实验

Malte Welling, Ewa Zawojska, Julian Sagebiel 

Abstract

Information provided in valuation surveys has been shown to affect stated preferences, which in turn may matter for the validity and reliability of survey-based value estimates. Although information effects are widely documented in stated preference studies, the reasons underlying the effects are less established. We focus on information about the policy context of the valuation scenario and examine two pathways which may help explain how including such information in a survey affects stated preferences. We hypothesize and empirically analyze whether the information effects on stated preferences can emerge as a result of changed perceptions about (1) the survey consequentiality and (2) the credibility of the valuation scenario upon facing the additional information. Our results confirm that the frequently found information effects can be present in the context of urban green and climate adaptation. The role of the additional information appears to be negligible for consequentiality perceptions. In contrast, the additional information strengthens the perceived credibility, and this may partially explain the information effects on stated preferences. We conclude that stated preference research may benefit from an increased attention to perceived credibility of the valuation scenario.

摘 要

估价调查中提供的资料已被证明会影响所陈述的偏好，而这反过来又可能影响以调查为基础的价值估计数的有效性和可靠性。虽然在所述偏好研究中广泛记录了信息效应，但其背后的原因尚不清楚。我们专注于有关估值情景的政策背景的信息，并研究了两种途径，这两种途径可能有助于解释在调查中包含此类信息如何影响所述偏好。我们假设并实证分析了信息对所述偏好的影响是否会由于对（1）调查结果和（2）面对额外信息时估值情景的可信度的看法发生变化而出现。我们的研究结果证实，在城市绿色和气候适应的背景下，可以存在经常发现的信息效应。对于后果性观念而言，补充信息的作用似乎可以忽略不计。相比之下，额外的信息增强了人们所感知的可信度，这可以部分解释信息对所述偏好的影响。我们的结论是，所述偏好研究可能受益于对估值情景可信度的更多关注。

编辑：李佳馨
审核：李文清

资料来源于期刊网址，仅供学术交流使用，不得用于商业用途！来源：

https://link.springer.com/journal/10640/volumes-and-issues/82-1

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