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美媒分析了特朗普“疫情语录”26万个词,发现他最常说的是这件事……丨外媒说

双语君 中国日报双语新闻 2020-08-31

近日,《纽约时报》的三名记者分析了特朗普在疫情通报会上(3月9日到4月中旬)所使用的超过26万个用词,并将结果发表在题为《特朗普谈论病毒的26万个词,充满了自吹自擂》的文章中。



通过分析特朗普的发言文字稿,文章称他的表述充满特定的模式和重复的信息,揭示出了他作为总统的傲慢和自怜,对于这点,历史学家称此前闻所未闻。


The transcripts show striking patterns and repetitions in the messages he has conveyed, revealing a display of presidential hubris and self-pity unlike anything historians say they have seen before.


hubris /ˈhjuːbrɪs/:傲慢



文章直指特朗普发言的典型特点自命不凡(self-regard),急于邀功(credit-taking),厚颜改写历史,他把自己描述成一个抗疫英雄,而不是一个疏于应对的总统。


The self-regard, the credit-taking, the audacious rewriting of recent history to cast himself as the hero of the pandemic rather than the president who was slow to respond: Such have been the defining features of Mr. Trump’s use of the bully pulpit during the coronavirus outbreak.


 bully pulpit:名望讲坛(能提供机会阐明自己观点的重要公职);此处特指美国总统一职



截至目前,特朗普疫情相关的发言中最常表达的就是自吹自擂(self-congratulations),出现了大约600次,同时也常常伴随着夸大其词和虚假信息(exaggerations and falsehoods),而他展现同理心或者呼吁全国团结的话语只占到他夸奖自己或其团队的四分之一。


Mr. Trump’s attempts to display empathy or appeal to national unity (about 160 instances) amount to only a quarter of the number of times he complimented himself or a top member of his team.


下面我们就具体看看特朗普在这期间都说了什么。




自吹自擂

Self-congratulations


在3月19日的疫情发布会上,特朗普表扬了美国药监局局长史蒂芬·哈恩(Stephen Hahn):


“He’s worked, like, probably as hard or harder than anybody,” Mr. Trump said. Then he corrected himself: “Other than maybe Mike Pence — or me.”

“他和大家一样辛苦,甚至比任何人都要辛苦。特朗普说,随后纠正自己:“除了彭斯,或者我。”


► 4月17日,特朗普夸赞自己一月底对中国实行的旅行禁令:


I did a ban on China. You think that was easy? I then did a ban on Europe. And a lot of people said that was an incredible thing to do

我对中国实行了旅行禁令,你们以为这很容易做到吗?然后我又禁止来自欧洲的入境,很多人都说这是一件了不起的事情……


《纽约时报》称,在他的描述中,这项禁令仿佛是一个“他以一己之力对抗全世界”的英勇举动(a heroic me-against-the world struggle),他还夸张地说自己因此拯救了“成千上万,甚至数十万的生命”(having saved “tens of thousands, maybe hundreds of thousands of lives”)。



伊利诺伊大学厄巴纳-香槟分校研究美国总统和政客语言特色的约翰·墨菲(John Murphy)教授称,大多数总统都会避免直接往自己脸上贴金,因为他们喜欢让美国人自己得出结论,把国家的成功和总统的英明领导联系在一起


Dr. Murphy said that most presidents avoid taking personal credit because they appreciate the fact that Americans can draw the connection themselves between presidential leadership and the country’s successes.


不过特朗普就没有这么含蓄了(With Mr. Trump, there is no such subtlety)


 “The level of self-congratulations that occurs every day at these press conferences is unprecedented,” Dr. Murphy added.

“每天新闻发布会上展现的这种程度的自我吹捧,是前所未有的。”墨菲教授称。


美国研究政治话语(political rhetoric)的历史学家珍妮弗·摩西卡(Jennifer Mercieca)则认为,特朗普在疫情肆虐的当下自吹自擂,是在错误的时间做了不该做的事情。


Trump's primary goal is to spread good news and information and market the Trump brand: "Trump is great. The Trump brand is great. The Trump presidency is great". It's not the right time or place to do that.

特朗普主要目的就是传播关于疫情的好消息并塑造推广自己的品牌——特朗普很棒,特朗普的品牌很棒,特朗普干总统这一行很棒。在疫情当下,做这种事情,时机、场合都不对。


说假话或夸大其词

Speaks falsely or exaggerates


► 3月10日,疫情在美国刚刚有暴发迹象时,特朗普说美国的检测能力完全足够:


When the professionals need a test, when they need tests for people, they can get the test. It's gone really well.

当专业人士需要进行检测,当他们需要给人们检测时,他们都可以获得检测,现在进展得非常顺利。


但事实上,在疫情早期,检测不力是美国政府遭多方诟病的一个重要原因。


► 4月23日,在听说消毒液杀死病毒非常有效后更是提出虚假且危险的治疗建议:


And is there a way we can do something like that, by injection inside or almost a cleaning. Because you see it gets in the lungs and it does a tremendous number on the lungs. So it would be interesting to check that.

我们可不可以把消毒液注射到体内,或者来个大清洗,因为你们知道病毒会进入肺部,进而对肺造成严重伤害。所以这个方法听起来很有趣,可以一试。




《纽约时报》说:


He has claimed falsely that he always responded quickly and assertively when, in fact, he repeatedly played down the seriousness of the virus.

特朗普总是虚假宣称自己应对疫情一直快速且果断,而事实上,他却反复淡化病毒的严重性。


四处甩锅

Blame Others


疫情在美国暴发以来,特朗普一直在疫情通报会上责备他人,甩锅对象从中国到世界卫生组织,从民主党到美国媒体,不一而足。


► 3月17日,特朗普突然在疫情通报会上称该病毒为“中国病毒”:


I would like to begin by announcing some important developments in our war against the Chinese virus.

我先讲一讲我们对战“中国病毒”的重要进展。


► 在4月8号又将矛头指向世卫组织,称它偏袒中国,应对迟缓:


They’ve been wrong on a lot of things… They seemed to be very China-centric… They missed the call, they could call it months earlier. They would have known and they should have known and they probably did known, so we will look into that very carefully.

世卫组织很多事情都做错了……他们非常以中国为中心……他们错失了良机,他们本可以数月前就发出警告了。他们可能知道些什么,他们本应该知道,他们可能已经知道了,所以我们得好好查一查。



► 在4月13日,特朗普继续抨击美国媒体的报道为假新闻:


We did all this work, but when you read the phony stories, you—nobody—nobody acknowledge this.

这些工作都是我们做的,但是你们去看看那些假新闻,你们——没有人——没有一个人承认这些。


对伤亡者缺乏同理心

Lacks Empathy to Human Toll


虽然自吹自擂占大多数,但特朗普在某些场合也呼吁全美人民团结起来抗击疫情。


► 比如在4月3日和16日,他说:


I want to start by saying that our hearts go out to the people of New York as they bear the brunt of the coronavirus pandemic in America.

我首先想说我们的心和纽约人同在,他们正遭受着全美疫情的最大冲击。

We’ve marshaled every instrument of American power, and we’ve unleashed our most potent weapon of all: the courage of the American people.

我们已经集结力量,全方位部署好了,我们也释放出了最强大的抗疫武器:美国人民的勇气。


但文章随后指出特朗普更重视因疫情遭受的经济代价,而不是伤亡的人。


But his laments about the virus’s economic toll are far more common than remarks about the human toll.

但是他哀叹病毒造成的经济损失的次数远甚于他说到美国人员病亡的次数。


德克萨斯大学的政治演讲专家罗德里克·哈特(Roderick P. Hart)接受采访时说,他从特朗普的发言里面读不到那种我属于这场人类共同灾难中的一员”的感觉,而这种感觉代表了一种能够和那些不幸的人产生共情的能力


It's what's not there — that sense of, "I'm part of the human condition," the ability to empathize with the downtrodden and the afflicted — that’s what’s so important.”


downtrodden:被践踏的

afflicted:遭受折磨的


分析完这26万词的总统发言,《纽约时报》给出了这样一句评语:


At 260,000 words and counting, enough to fill a 700-page book, Mr. Trump has been writing his own history of the virus, one that is favorable to him, settles scores and is often at odds with the facts.

26万词,这个数字还在增长,足够写一本700页的书了,特朗普就是这样在写一本自己的病毒历史,这本历史对他自己奉承有加,顺便清算旧账,还常常与事实相悖。


编辑:大春

实习生:张恒

来源:纽约时报 环球时报 央视新闻


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