《清平乐》里的“大宋文人天团”火出圈，弹幕刷屏：背诵并默写全文……
今年五一小长假里，不少宅家小伙伴们都在追热播剧《清平乐》。精致的服化道令人梦回宋朝，许多我们熟悉的“语文书常驻嘉宾”——宋代文人也在剧中登场。
从晏殊、范仲淹、欧阳修，再到司马光……他们不仅仅是朝堂之上的重臣，也是闪耀文学史的大家。
根据第三集韩琦1027年中榜眼为时间点，人物列举如下：
只要《清平乐》“大宋背诵并默写全文天团”一出场，就能让所有观众瞬间魂穿到小时候认认真真背诵唐诗宋词的自己。
而每当出现官员被贬谪的剧情，“背诵并默写全文”的弹幕就会刷屏……
剧中徽柔和怀吉吐槽“他们被贬了官，不好好在家面壁思过，却高高兴兴游山玩水。一边玩，还一边写出那么多字的文章出来气人”，可以说道出了万千学子的心声。
玩笑归玩笑，正是那些幼时就熟诵，深深印入心中的诗词，构建起了我们对汉语之美最初体验与感知。
今天双语君就来带大家通过两位翻译大家许渊冲先生和赵彦春先生的译本，从不一样的角度走近“天团高人气成员”晏殊、范仲淹、欧阳修与苏轼的作品。
▌乐天文豪苏轼 ▌
苏轼自小才学过人，得到欧阳修赏识，名扬四方。后因反对王安石变法和遭人诬陷，屡遭贬斥，仕途坎坷。但苏轼生性豁达，生活中的不如意都在“老夫聊发少年狂，左牵黄，右擎苍”和“莫听穿林打叶声，何妨吟啸且徐行”中遁形。苏轼扩展了词的边界与内容，主题宏大，风格豪放。
《江城子》为年过四旬的苏轼初来密州，梦见了自己已去世十年的亡妻王弗后所作的悼亡词。词藻平实，却道尽了浓浓的哀伤和深情。
纵使相逢应不识，尘满面，鬓如霜。——苏轼《江城子·乙卯正月二十日夜记梦》节选
许译：
And to mind never brought?
Her lonely grave is a thousand miles away.To whom can I my grief convey?Revived, e’en if she be, could she still know me?
My face is worn with care;And frosted is my hair.赵译：
对于亡妻，许译选择第三人称，让读者作为倾听词人诉说的朋友，来体会词人思妻心切而不得见的伤痛之情。
赵译使用了第二人称，将读者代入亡妻，行文如情书缠绵，传递着词人对心爱的妻子倾诉其悲痛思念之情。
▌忧国忧民范仲淹 ▌
范仲淹为人正直，心怀天下，曾因秉公直言而屡遭贬斥，这也使他看到了更多民间疾苦，在《岳阳楼记》中发出“先天下之忧而忧，后天下之乐而乐”的感叹。
为平定不断进攻西北边境的西夏军队，范仲淹带军保卫边防。战士们在寒冷的边疆，与亲人相隔千里。范仲淹将边塞将士的劳苦和思乡之情看在眼里，写下了经典名篇《渔家傲·秋思》。
许译：
An uproar rises with horns blowing far and near.Walled in by peaks, smoke rises straight.At sunset over isolate town with closed gate.
赵译：
许译选择对句子再整合，保留了经典意象，描绘出孤独凄凉的驻守画面。
赵彦春在本句的翻译中较多地省略了具体意象，对“长烟落日孤城闭”的意境进行了再创作，从dust的角度，用with hue来体现落日光线、烟和紧闭的城镇，传递出了词句中的情绪。
↓点击观看电视剧《清平乐》相关片段↓
▌六一居士欧阳修 ▌
欧阳修虽仕途坎坷，但淡泊名利，晚年自封“六一居士”，即藏书一万卷、金石遗文一千卷、琴一张、棋一局、酒一壶和老翁一个。
欧阳修所著《踏莎行》上下阕分别以游子与思妇的视角来写离愁，因其独特的视角转换和场景构建而千古流传。
许译：
Heart broken by and by
With tearful longing eye
His wife won't lean on railings of the tower high
Beyond the far-flung plain mountains shut out her view
The rider's farther away than the mountains blue.
赵译：
I heave sad and sad sighs
With tears brimming my eyes
So high the tower, on the rail I rely
To see the vernal hills border the sky
And beyond the hills the travellers hie
此段中，许译与赵译选用了不同的人称。许译以第三人称视角，来描述思念之苦；赵译则用第一人称，以“我”为思妇，思念之情更易带入。
对于“平芜尽处是春山”的处理上，许译选择保留原句意象，赵译则用sky（天空）与山相连的情景替代平芜，重塑远方重峦叠嶂的画面。
但尽管风格不同，两位大家在翻译时，都十分注重诗词的“音美”，通过“sad and sad”和“by and by”的短词重复使用来尽力还原“寸寸柔肠，盈盈粉泪”的汉语叠词之美。
“楼高莫近危阑倚”这一句是远行人对闺中人的嘱咐，希望她不要登高远眺游子身影，也是思妇渴望能够登高远远望见心上人，又深知无用的挣扎。
许译体现的是泪水盈盈的思妇之后将不会登上高楼，只因深知哪怕登高也只看得到春山，看不见行人。赵译则体现了思妇登上了高楼眺望，因此看到了之后平芜春山相连的景象。
▌宰相词人晏殊 ▌
才子晏殊十四岁以神童入试，受宋真宗赏识，赐同进士出身，后身任要职，最终出任宰相。仕途较为平坦，当权之时大力发展教育事业，德才双高，一生顺遂。
在一次闲情逸致的歌酒吟诵中，年华易逝、迟暮落寞的感伤突然袭来。晏殊作下《浣溪沙》，表达对光阴流逝的怅惘和对春天消逝的惋惜之情。
许译：
Deeply I sigh for the fallen flowers in vain;Vaguely I seem to know the swallows come again.In fragrant garden path alone I still remain.
赵译：
Helpless, flowers disappear,Familiar swallows come here,On the path I rove, where, where?
杨慎在《词品》中点评“无可奈何花落去，似曾相识燕归来”一句“二语工丽，天然奇偶”。在此句的翻译上，提出了“三美论（意美、音美、形美）”，并善用莎士比亚十四行诗格律译古诗词的许渊冲先生用词工整雅致，同时全力保留了原诗中的形容和意象。
曾以三字英文译《三字经》的赵彦春先生以可视可听可感的、直入心境的意象营造为重，因此倾向于剥离中式意象，以英文现代诗的文风来言简意赅地传达情感。对于“小园香径独徘徊”，他翻译成“where,where?”，以较为直白的方式道出含蓄中文里包裹的情绪。
对于本诗第一句“一曲新词酒一杯”，许译“A song filled with new words, a cup filled with old wine”，而赵译“A new tune, a cup of cheer”。两位大家对不同的翻译手法在将“酒一杯”分别处理为“old wine”和“a cup of cheer”上也能得到体现。
▲
通过以上几句经典诗句的展示，匆匆一瞥中就能欣赏到宋词英译可如莎士比亚时期古典诗歌一样的严谨典雅，亦可如现代英文诗一般的流畅易懂。
不同的译诗理念与风格之中，既有相通，又各有千秋，展现的皆是别有一番风情的宋词与汉语之美。
↓滑动欣赏完整英译版↓
《浣溪沙·一曲新词酒一杯》
晏殊
一曲新词酒一杯，去年天气旧亭台。夕阳西下几时回？
无可奈何花落去，似曾相识燕归来。小园香径独徘徊。
Silk-Washing Stream（许译）
A song filled with new words, a cup filled with old wine,
The bower is last year’s, the weather is as fine.
Will last year reappear as the sun on decline?
Deeply I sigh for the fallen flowers in vain;
Vaguely I seem to know the swallows come again.
In fragrant garden path alone I still remain.
Yarn Washing （赵译）
A new tune, a cup of cheer; Air, kiosk, the same as last year.
Go back? The sun does west leer?
Helpless, flowers disappear; Familiar swallows come here,
On the path I rove, where, where?
《渔家傲·秋思》
范仲淹
塞下秋来风景异，衡阳雁去无留意。
四面边声连角起，千嶂里，长烟落日孤城闭。
浊酒一杯家万里，燕然未勒归无计。
羌管悠悠霜满地，人不寐，将军白发征夫泪。
Tune: Pride of Fishermen（许译）
When autumn comes to the frontier,
the scene looks drear; Southbound wild geese won’t stay e’en for a day.
An uproar rises with horns blowing far and near.
Walled in by peaks, smoke rises straight; At sunset over isolate town with closed gate.
I hold a cup of wine, yet home is far away;
The northwest not yet won, I can’t but stay.
At the flutes’ doleful sound over frost-covered ground,
None falls asleep,
The general’s hair turns white and soldiers weep.
Fisherman's Pride ·Autumn Thought（赵译）
Front wind blows, an autumn view;
Wild geese leave without adieu.
From all around, bugles blow.
All hills low, Dust touches the town with hue.
When and how can we home go?
A toast to our hometown though.
A Qiang flute through frost does flow.
Sleepless woe,
All soldiers are tired, tired through.
《踏莎行·候馆梅残》
欧阳修
候馆梅残，溪桥柳细，草薰风暖摇征辔。
离愁渐远渐无穷，迢迢不断如春水。
寸寸柔肠，盈盈粉泪，楼高莫近危阑倚。
平芜尽处是春山，行人更在春山外。
Treading on Grass（许译）
Mume flowers fade before the inn；By riverside sway willows green.
The farther he goes, the longer his parting grief grows endless as vernal river flows.
Heart broken by and by; With tearful longing eye;
His wife won't lean on railings of the tower high;
Beyond the far-flung plain mountains shut out her view;
The rider's farther away than the mountains blue.
Treading on Grass（赵译）
Now weary the plums look; The willows shade the brook.
Thru' warm air on the grass the reins I sway.
To wander farther and farther away;
Just like the spring water that makes its way.
I heave sad and sad sighs; With tears brimming my eyes
So high the tower, on the rail I rely; To see the vernal hills border the sky.
And beyond the hills the travellers hie.
《江城子·乙卯正月二十日夜记梦》
苏轼
十年生死两茫茫。不思量，自难忘。千里孤坟，无处话凄凉。
纵使相逢应不识，尘满面，鬓如霜。
夜来幽梦忽还乡。小轩窗，正梳妆。相顾无言，惟有泪千行。
料得年年断肠处，明月夜，短松冈。
Riverside Town Dreaming of My Deceased Wife
on the Night of the 20th Day of the 1st Month（许译）
For ten long years the living of the dead knows nought.
Should the dead be forgot; And to mind never brought?
Her lonely grave is a thousand miles away. To whom can I my grief convey?
Revived e’en if she be, could she still know me?
My face is worn with care; And frosted is my hair.
Last night I dreamed of coming to my native place:
She’s making up her face, At the window with grace.
We gazed at each other hushed; But tears from our eyes gushed.
When I am woken, I fancy her heart-broken;
On the mound clad with pines; Where only the moon shines.
The Rivertown
A Dream on the night of 20th Day, the First Moon,1075（赵译）
Ten years now, I'm here, you're gone. Though not thought, not forgot.
Your tomb far flung, nowhere could I mourn.
Could we make out if we met? Hair like frost, tears drip down.
In my dream I see our town. By the sill, hair you frill. Mute, we say none. Only tears flow on.
Sad, you’re there, a lonely one. By the moon, Pine Mound' shone.
编辑：陈月华
实习生：梁诗卿
参考资料：《半小时漫画宋词》《宋词三百首》 赵彦春博客 许渊冲《朗读者》节目采访等
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