“应确保女厕位多于男厕位”，妇女权益保障法修订草案提请审议
《中华人民共和国妇女权益保障法（修订草案）》今天提请审议，其中包括：各级政府在规划、建设基础设施和提供公共服务时，应当确保女性厕位多于男性厕位，合理配建母婴室等公共设施。
据有关部门对大约72.5万人的统计，女性上厕所时间平均是249秒，远高于男性上厕所用时的170秒。而此前很多厕所大多是按男女厕位比例1:1来设计。
该草案在网络上引发热议。
妇女权益保障法修订草案20日提请全国人大常委会会议审议。
The draft amendment to the Women's Rights Protection Law, which was submitted to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress for first review on Monday, marking another major adjustment to the law since it came into force nearly 30 years ago.
这是该法施行近30年来又一次进行重大调整。
草案明确，国家采取必要措施，逐步完善保障妇女权益的各项制度，消除对妇女一切形式的歧视，禁止基于性别排斥、限制妇女依法享有和行使各项权益。
图源：CFP
The draft adds the meaning of "discrimination against women" and stipulates that the country shall take necessary measures to gradually improve the protection of women's rights and interests, eliminate all forms of discrimination against them, and prohibit discrimination or restrictions on women's enjoyment and exercise of their rights and interests.
草案对离婚时家务劳动经济补偿增加了规定，明确女方因抚养子女、照料老人、协助男方工作等承担较多义务的，有权在离婚时要求男方予以补偿。补偿办法由双方协议，协议不成的，可以向人民法院提起诉讼。
Wives are entitled to seek compensation from their husbands during divorce if they were the primary caregivers for children or elderly parents, or did most of the unpaid housework. The amount of the compensation should be negotiated. If the negotiation fails, they can file a suit to the people's court, the draft amendment said.
此前，2021年1月1日起施行的《民法典》（Civil Code）已对家务劳动经济补偿作出规定：不论夫妻双方是否对财产状况有过约定，承担较多家务的一方都有权在离婚时行使离婚家务劳动补偿请求权。
图源：CFP
自《民法典》实施以来，适用新规进行家务补偿的离婚案件不断增多。北京市房山区法院审结一起离婚家务补偿案件，判决丈夫给付妻子家务补偿款5万元。福建省福州市闽清县人民法院审理认为在婚姻关系存续期间，因丈夫负担较多抚育子女的义务，妻子应给予丈夫补偿款1.5万元。
Courts in China have handled a number of such cases after the Civil Code took effect on Jan 1. In the first such case, a court in Fangshan district of Beijing ruled that a man must pay 50,000 yuan ($7,845) to his ex-wife for housework during their five-year marriage. In another case, a court in Minqing of Fujian province ordered a woman to pay her ex-husband 15,000 yuan for his primary role in taking care of their children.
草案其他要点包括：
1保障妇女平等接受教育
学校在录取学生时，除国家规定的特殊专业外，不得以性别为由拒绝录取女性或者提高对女性的录取标准。
图源：CFP
2明确就业性别歧视的主要情形
用人单位在招录（聘）过程中，除国家另有规定的外，不得：限定男性或者规定男性优先；进一步询问或者调查女性求职者的婚育情况以及意愿等。
According to the draft, unless stipulated by the state, employers are not allowed to do the following in the recruitment process: limit recruitment to men or give them priority; in addition to basic personal information, make further inquiries or investigations of female applicants' marriage, parental status and their plans for marriage and childbearing; include pregnancy tests in medical examinations for employment; impose restrictions on marriage and childbearing as conditions of employment; or take other actions to refuse to employ women on the basis of sex or raise women's employment standards in a differentiated manner.
3加强女职工特殊时期劳动保护
用人单位不得因结婚、怀孕、产假（maternity leave）、哺乳等情形，降低女职工的工资和福利待遇（benefits package），辞退女职工，单方解除劳动（聘用）合同或者服务协议。
4完善学校和用人单位对性骚扰的预防和制止措施
学校应当建立预防性侵害（sexual assault）、性骚扰（sexual harassment）的工作制度。用人单位应当采取措施预防和制止对妇女的性骚扰。
禁止违背妇女意愿，以下列方式实施性骚扰：①具有性含义、性暗示的言语表达；②不适当、不必要的肢体行为；③展示或者传播具有明显性意味的图像、文字、信息、语音、视频等；④暗示发展私密关系或者发生性关系将获得某种利益；⑤其他应当被认定为性骚扰的情形。
According to the draft, sexual harassment against a woman's will be prohibited in ways that involve words with sexual connotations or innuendo; inappropriate and unnecessary physical behavior; displays or dissemination of images, text, information, audio or video with obvious sexual significance; or acts that imply that there will be some benefit in developing a private or sexual relationship.
5禁止使用非暴力化手段等侵害女性
禁止虐待、遗弃、残害以及其他一切侵害妇女生命健康权益的行为。禁止用迷信、精神控制（mind control）等手段残害妇女。
The draft amendment will prohibit acts of mind control against women, stipulating that so-called girl's morals schools, mind control, brainwashing and suppression, are illegal.
6保护农村妇女土地及相关权益
妇女在农村集体经济组织成员身份确认、土地承包经营、集体经济组织收益分配、土地征收（land requisitions）或者征用安置补偿以及宅基地（rural residential land）使用等方面，享有与男子平等的权利。
7明确受侵害妇女维权途径
妇女的合法权益受到侵害的，可以向妇女联合会等妇女组织求助。对符合条件的妇女，当地法律援助机构或者司法机关应当给予帮助。县级以上人民政府应当开通全国统一的妇女权益保护服务热线。
8禁止因婚恋纠纷侵犯妇女人身权利
禁止以恋爱、交友为由或者在结束同居、离婚之后，纠缠、骚扰妇女，泄露、传播妇女个人隐私。
编辑：陈月华
实习生：申乐
来源：中国日网 新华社 央视新闻 环球时报
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