益生元+饮食干预可缓解自闭症症状

包括益生菌、益生元、无麸质和无酪蛋白饮食在内的多种干预手段被用于缓解自闭症患儿的肠道症状。本研究发现无麸质和无酪蛋白的限制型饮食对改善自闭患儿的肠道症状作用有限，而益生菌配合饮食干预后可显著改善自闭症患儿状况，强调了联合干预手段的有效性和优势，值得相关人士参考。

A prebiotic intervention study in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs)

https://doi.org/10.1186/s40168-018-0523-3

论文摘要

Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by impaired social interaction, verbal and non-verbal communication, and repetitive behaviour. In addition to cognitive aspects, autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) indi- viduals can suffer from gastrointestinal (GI) problems such as abdominal discomfort, pain and gas distension [1]. Causes of these gut difficulties are unknown but have been suggested to involve gut microbiota, in par- ticular reduced number of bifidobacteria and increased Clostridium spp., Desulfovibrio spp., Sutterella spp. and/ or Veillonellaceae [2]; altered dietary intake and in- creased gut permeability [3]. Previous studies reported alterations in gut barrier function and GI issues in ASD individuals [4] with the latter often associated with symptom severity [5]. Adam and colleagues looked at GI dysfunction as a parameter and noticed a strong correl- ation between GI symptoms and severity of autism [6]. These results were also confirmed by Tomova et al. in a more recent study [7]. 

Exclusion approaches, such as gluten and casein-free diets (GFCF), have been suggested for their potential benefits, but to date strong empirical evidence of their effect on gut health is lacking. 

Observational studies reported alleviation of GI prob- lems and/or improved behavioural traits with GFCF, but associations between restricted diet and symptoms are not always apparent [8–10]. Some studies evaluating mood and behaviour showed significant improvements in behavioural traits [11, 12], while others reported no differences after treatment [13–15]. 

实验综述

① 限制型饮食（无麸质、酪蛋白）配合Bimuno®半乳糖寡糖（B-GOS®）益生元可缓解自闭症症状；

② 单独采用限制型饮食一定程度上可改善患儿的腹痛和排便情况、改变肠道菌群结构，但无法显著改善肠道的营养吸收功能；

③ 限制型饮食配合B-GOS®干预，可缓解患儿的反社会行为，显著增加肠道中毛螺菌科丰度，改变粪便和尿液代谢物；

④ 食疗手段无法单独改善自闭症状，益生元配合食疗的联合干预手段更可能改善自闭儿童的肠道菌群、代谢及心理状况。