膳食脂肪和纤维素与孕妇肠道微生物丰度相关
Dietary intake of fat andfibre according to reference values relates to higher gut microbiota richnessin overweight pregnant women
Röytiö et al. British Journal ofNutrition (2017)
DOI 10.1017/S0007114517002100
Abstract
The diet–microbiota–metabolismrelationships during pregnancy are mostly unknown. We explored the effect ofthe habitual diet and adherence to the dietary reference valueson gut microbiota composition and diversity. Further, the association of gutmicrobiota with serum lipidomics and low-grade inflammation was evaluated.Overweight and obese women (BMI 30·7 (SD 4·4) kg/m2, n 100) werestudied at early pregnancy (≤17 weeks). Intakes of nutrients were calculatedfrom 3-d food diaries. Faecal microbiota composition was analysed using 16SrRNA gene sequencing. Fasting serum lipidomic profiles were determined by NMR.High-sensitivity C-reactive protein, glycoprotein acetylation (GlycA) andlipopolysaccharide activity were used as markers for low-grade inflammation.The recommended dietary intake of fibre and fat was related to higher gutmicrobiota richness and lower abundance of Bacteroidaceae. Correlations were observed between gutmicrobiota richness and GlycA and between a few microbiota genera and serumlipoprotein particles. As a conclusion, adherence to the dietary referenceintake of fat and fibre was associated with beneficial gut microbiotacomposition, which again contributed to lipidomic profile. Higher gutmicrobiota richness and nutrient intakes were linked to a lower level oflow-grade inflammation marker GlycA. This finding offers novelinsights and opportunities for dietary modification during pregnancy withpotential of improving the health of the mother and the child.
母体微生物群的组成和功能可能对母亲和儿童的健康产生影响。妊娠可能影响母亲肠道微生物的组成和丰度。最近的研究表明,儿童肠道的定植始于子宫,早期的微生物群可能影响儿童后期的健康,因此在怀孕期间保持母亲体内的微生物菌群平衡非常重要。
饮食和饮食方式对微生物菌群和产生的代谢产物的组成有显著影响。研究表明,高纤维或高脂肪摄取量,以及增加蛋白质和动物性食物,导致研究对象中微生物门类和属的相对丰度迅速变化。此外,含有大量纤维、水果和蔬菜的长期饮食模式导致肠道中碳水化合物消化细菌的积累,而原始的非洲饮食和地中海饮食与“典型的”西方饮食促进的微生物菌群类型不同。膳食中植物源性纤维和动物源性脂肪和蛋白质的含量变化很大,可能显著影响肠道微生物群的组成和分化。
目前的北欧膳食指南鼓励人们多吃水果、蔬菜和全谷类产品,以增加纤维摄入量,多吃鱼、坚果、种子和植物油,并限制饱和脂肪酸(SFA)的摄入量。一般来说,健康多样的饮食,高纤维和中等脂肪的摄入量,对于微生物组成和丰富度也是有益的。本文探讨了习惯性饮食和科学饮食(膳食指南建议的膳食纤维和脂肪摄入量)对肠道微生物群组成和多样性的影响。
研究对象:怀孕早期(≤17周)的超重妇女;
入组标准:芬兰西南部地区,参加母婴饮食干预试验(ClinicalTrials.gov,NCT01922791)的超重妇女;怀孕早期(≤17周)的超重妇女,且有完整的微生物组、饮食和脂质组学资料。
实验方法:向受试者提供关于如何记录食物摄取的口头和书面说明,并且在研究访问期间,借助部分图片小册子检查日记的完整性和准确性。使用计算机软件(Aivo diet 2.0.2.3;Aivo Finland Oy)计算平均每日能量摄入量、能量产生营养素(主要测量指标)以及维生素和矿物质;粪便样本收集在无菌塑料管中,并于4℃保存。
检测方法:16S rRNA 基因测序;核磁共振法(空腹血清脂质谱)等。
研究结论:
坚持膳食中脂肪和纤维的摄取量与有益的肠道微生物群组成有关,表现为建议的膳食纤维和脂肪摄入量与较高的肠道微生物群丰富度和较低的拟杆菌科(Bacteroidaceae)含量有关。
肠道微生物群与血脂组学的有关;
高丰度的肠道微生物与较低的母体炎症状态有关;
较高的肠道微生物丰度和营养素摄入量与较低水平的炎症标志物GlycA有关;
饮食量,尤其是纤维和脂肪的绝对消耗量,以及脂肪质量与肠道微生物的组成有关。
调整饮食可能是改善妊娠期间微生物菌群的方便有效的手段,且对下一代的健康具有长远的影响。
Figure1. Heatmap showing correlations between gut microbes and dietary nutrients (n88). The intensity of the colours represents thedegree of Spearman’s correlation between the microbial groups and the nutrientsas grams and percentage of total energy (E%). Red, positive correlation; Blue,negative correlation; LC-PUFA, longchain PUFA. ** Benjamini–Hochberg-adjustedP<0·05. Vitamin A: retinol activity equivalents comprising retinols andcarotenoids. p, Phylum; c, class; o, order; f, family; g, genus; s, species.
图 1.显示肠道微生物与膳食营养物之间相互关系的热图(n 88)。颜色的强度代表了斯皮尔曼的微生物群和营养物之间的相关程度,如克和总能量的百分比(E%)。红色,正相关;蓝色,负相关;LC-PUFA,长链PUFA。**本雅明-霍奇伯格校正后P<0.05。维生素A:视黄醇活性当量,包括视黄醇和类胡萝卜素。p,Phylum;c,class;o,order;f,科;g,属;s,种。
👇👇👇点击阅读原文,了解更多人体微生态研究