母亲体重对婴儿早期微生物的获取、组成和活动的影响

Effect of mother’s weight on infant’s microbiota acquisition, composition, and activity during early infancy: a prospective follow-up study initiated in early pregnancy

Collado et al. Am J Clin Nutr (2010)

DOI 10.3945/ajcn.2010.29877

作者之前的研究结果显示，超重孕妇体内的拟杆菌-普雷沃特氏菌丰度高于正常体重孕妇，并且这些细菌的数量随着孕妇体重的增加而增加。

母亲是婴儿肠道细菌的重要来源，基于这个理论，本研究通过检测婴儿前6个月的肠道微生物组成，评估母亲孕前体重和孕期体重增加对婴儿微生物建立和发育的影响。

Abstract

Background: It has been reported that deviations in gut microbiota composition may predispose toward obesity, and specific groups of commensal gut bacteria may harvest energy from food more efficiently than others. Alterations in microbiota compositions of mothers may be transferred to infants and lead to an increased risk of overweight.

Objective: We analyzed the fecal microbiota composition of infants of overweight and normal-weight mothers and assessed the relations of weight and excessive weight gain of mothers during pregnancy on the microbiota of infants.

Design: Mothers (n = 16) whose prepregnancy body mass index (BMI; in kg/m2) was ≥25 were selected with their infants from a prospective follow-up study of 256 women. Women with a BMI <25 (n = 26) and their infants served as control subjects. At the ages of 1 and 6 mo, infant stool samples were available for the analysis of microbiota composition by fluorescence in situ hybridization combined with flow cytometry and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.

Results: Infants’ fecal microbial composition was related to the weight and weight gain of their mothers during pregnancy. Fecal Bacteroides and Staphylococcus concentrations were significantly higher in infants of overweight mothers during the first 6 mo. Higher weights and BMIs of mothers were related to higher concentrations of Bacteroides, Clostridium, and Staphylococcus and lower concentrations of the Bifidobacterium group. Prevalences of Akkermansia muciniphila, Staphylococcus, and Clostridium difficile groups were lower in infants of normal-weight mothers and of mothers with normal weight gains during pregnancy.

Conclusion: The composition and development of infant gut microbiota are influenced by BMI, weight, and weight gain of mothers during pregnancy.

研究对象：本研究根据孕期体重指数BMI从256名女性的前瞻性随访研究中选出42名女性，分为超重组16名，正常体重组26名。

入组条件：健康孕妇；小于孕17周入组；排除代谢性或慢性疾病，如糖尿病。

研究方法：在婴儿出生及出生后1个月和6个月三个时间点分别收集婴儿粪便样本，分析超重和正常体重母亲的婴儿的肠道微生物群组成，并评估母亲体重和孕期体重增长对婴儿肠道微生物的影响。

检测方法：肠道微生物分析采用荧光原位杂交结合流式细胞仪(FCM-FISH)和实时定量聚合酶链反应(qPCR)。

研究结果：

1. 超重妇女的婴儿出生时体重明显高于正常体重妇女的婴儿；

2. 采用FISH-FCM技术，超重母亲的婴儿在1个月大时Bacteroides-Prevotella 数量明显低于正常体重母亲的婴儿，而在6个月大时C. histolyticum的数量高于正常体重母亲的婴儿。同样，体重增加过多的母亲的婴儿在1个月大时，Bacteroides-Prevotella的数量显著低于体重增加正常的母亲的婴儿，而在6个月大时，C. histolyticum的数量显著高于体重增加过多的母亲的婴儿；

3. 6个月大时，正常体重母亲所生婴儿的双歧杆菌（Bifidobacterium）数量高于体重超重母亲所生婴儿，尽管在出生后第一个月两组没有差异。6个月大时，正常体重孕妇的婴儿肠道中双歧杆菌与C. coccoides的比例明显高于超重孕妇的婴儿，而超重孕妇1个月大的婴儿中双歧杆菌与C. coccoides的比例没有发现差异。这一比例在日后罹患特应性疾病的儿童中也明显下降，这表明这些菌群的相对比例可能早于免疫相关疾病的发展；

4. 本研究数据显示，在肥胖和体重过度增加的母亲的婴儿中，嗜粘单胞菌的丰度很高。根据之前的研究，超重孕妇的嗜粘单胞菌数量明显高于正常体重的孕妇。嗜粘单胞菌浓度升高可能表明肠黏液素降解增加，微生物对上皮细胞的通路增加，从而影响促炎活性；

5. 本研究表明，母亲体重、孕期体重增加和微生物组成对婴儿微生物群发育有影响，说明母亲的微生物群是影响婴儿健康的重要因素。

知几未来研究院正在搭建一个“疾病-肠道菌群”知识库。

你可以在公众号对话框回复“IBD”或“肠易激综合征”，查看与疾病相关的菌群；

也可以回复“双歧杆菌”或“Hp”，查看与细菌相关的疾病。

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