孕前体重，妊娠体重增加，以及母亲和婴儿的肠道微生物群

Pre-pregnancy weight, gestational weightgain, and the gut microbiota of mothers and their infants

Stanislawski et al. Microbiome (2017)

DOI 10.1186/s40168-017-0332-0

母亲肥胖和过度妊娠体重增加(GWG)会增加后代肥胖的风险，而这种关联性不能完全用遗传因素和生活方式来解释。

最近的研究表明肠道微生物可能对肥胖的发生有一定的作用，并且有假说认为肠道微生物可能是肥胖风险跨代传递的一种机制。了解母亲和婴儿肠道微生物群与肥胖之间的关系可以为预防肥胖提供理论依据。

本研究通过对孕妇及婴儿的粪便进行16s rRNA基因测序，分析产妇分娩时肠道微生物与婴儿早期肠道微生物的相似性，并评估孕妇孕前超重/肥胖(OW/OB)或妊娠体重过度增加(GWG)是否与分娩时母体肠道菌群的差异或婴儿出生后2年肠道菌群的差异有关。

Abstract

Background: Recent evidence supports that the maternal gut microbiota impactsthe initial infant gut microbiota. Since the gut microbiota may play a causalrole in the development of obesity, it is important to understand howpre-pregnancy weight and gestational weight gain (GWG) impact the gutmicrobiota of mothers at the time of delivery and their infants in early life.In this study, we performed 16S rRNA gene sequencing on gut microbiota samplesfrom 169 women 4 days after delivery and from the 844 samples of their infantsat six timepoints during the first 2 years of life. We categorized the women (1)according to pre-pregnancy body mass index into overweight/obese (OW/OB, BMI ≥25) or non-overweight/obese (BMI < 25) and (2) into excessive andnon-excessive GWG in the subset of mothers of full-term singleton infants (N =116). We compared alpha diversity and taxonomic composition of the maternal andinfant samples by exposure groups. We also compared taxonomic similaritybetween maternal and infant gut microbiota.

Results: Maternal OW/OB was associated with lower maternal alpha diversity.Maternal pre-pregnancy OW/OB and excessive GWG were associated with taxonomicdifferences in the maternal gut microbiota, including taxa from the highlyheritable family Christensenellaceae, the genera Lachnospira, Parabacteroides,Bifidobacterium, and Blautia. These maternal characteristicswere not associated with overall differences in the infant gut microbiota overthe first 2 years of life. However, the presence of specific OTUs in maternalgut microbiota at the time of delivery did significantly increase the odds ofpresence in the infant gut at age 4–10 days for many taxa, and these includedsome lean-associated taxa.

Conclusions: Our results show differences in maternal gut microbiotacomposition at the time of delivery by pre- pregnancy weight and GWG, but thesechanges were only associated with limited compositional differences in theearly life gut microbiota of their infants. Further work is needed to determinethe degree to which these maternal microbiota differences at time of birth withOW/OB and GWG may affect the health of the infant over time and by what mechanism.

研究对象：169名来自挪威NoMIC队列的母亲及其婴儿。

入组条件：有母亲和婴儿的粪便样本；足月出生的婴儿；排除双胎。

研究方法：在本研究中，受试者按孕期BMI被分为两组，非超重或肥胖组（non-OW/OB）和超重或肥胖组（OW/OB）。在排除非足月生产及非单胎的孕妇后，受试者根据孕期体重增长（GWG）又被分为三组：过低组、适当组及过高组。孕妇在产后4天采集粪便样本。婴儿在出生后2年内6个时间点（10天、30天、120天、365天和730天）采集粪便样本。评估孕妇孕前超重/肥胖(OW/OB)或妊娠期体重过度增加(GWG)是否与分娩时母体肠道菌群的差异或婴儿出生后2年内肠道菌群的差异有关；评估了分娩时母体肠道微生物群与早期婴儿肠道微生物群之间的相似性。

检测方法：16s rRNA基因V4区测序。

研究结果：

1. 在所有三种alpha多样性测量方法中，OW/OB妇女的alpha多样性中值显著较低。母亲肠道微生物组成与欧美健康成人的典型微生物组成相似，以厚壁菌门、拟杆菌门、放线菌门的类群为主，婴儿随着年龄的增长其肠道微生物组成与母亲更加相似；

2. 婴儿出生后头2年肠道微生物alpha多样性在任何检测alpha多样性的方法中都没有显示出与母亲超重/肥胖或GWG过高有关；

3. 大多数区分超重或肥胖母亲的微生物丰度在瘦女性中较高，而在之前的研究中，这些微生物中有许多与瘦有关联，例如Parabacteroides,     Lachnospira, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Christensenellaceae, Ruminococcus和Bifidobacterium；

4. Blautia 在GWG过高组中丰度较高，并且与2型糖尿病相关；

5. 母亲超重肥胖和高GWG都会对婴儿的短期和长期健康造成不利影响，例如增加胎儿巨细胞症、肥胖、代谢综合征甚至全因死亡的风险。母亲肠道微生物可能介导与这些暴露有关的疾病风险，特别是与肥胖有关；

6. 拟杆菌属、双歧杆菌属或Christensenellacea，可能对过度增重起保护作用，并具有高度遗传性。

补充知识点：

NoMIC队列：挪威552名儿童的出生队列，旨在研究婴儿期肠道微生物群的建立及其对儿童健康的影响。参与调查的母亲于2002年至2005年期间被招募，她们被要求填写定期调查问卷，并在产后4天从收集和冷冻自己的粪便样本，同时，在产后4天、10天、30天、120天、365天和730天收集和冷冻其婴儿粪便样本。

Fig. 1 Violin plots of important a OTUs andb genera from Random Forests for classifying maternal OW/OB status.

图1 划分母亲OW/OB状态的重要OUTs（a）和肠道微生物属（b）

Fig. 2 Violin plots of important a OTUs andb genera from Random Forests for classifying maternal excessive GWG status.

图2 划分母亲妊娠期体重过度增长状况的重要OUTs（a）和肠道微生物属（b）

知几未来研究院正在搭建一个“疾病-肠道菌群”知识库。

你可以在公众号对话框回复“IBD”或“肠易激综合征”，查看与疾病相关的菌群；

也可以回复“双歧杆菌”或“Hp”，查看与细菌相关的疾病。

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