益生菌参与肠道微生物调节

Probiotic species in the modulation of gut microbiota: an overview

BioMed Research International. (2018)

DOI 10.1155/2018/9478630

Abstract

Probiotics are microbial strains that are beneficial to health, and their potential has recently led to a significant increase in research interest in their use to modulate the gut microbiota. The animal gut is a complex ecosystem of host cells, microbiota, and available nutrients, and the microbiota prevents several degenerative diseases in humans and animals via immunomodulation. The gut microbiota and its influence on human nutrition, metabolism, physiology, and immunity are addressed, and several probiotic species and strains are discussed to improve the understanding of modulation of gut microbiota. is paper provides a broad review of several Lactobacillusspp.,Bifidobacterium spp., and other coliform bacteria as the most promising probiotic species and their role in the prevention of degenerative diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, malignancy, liver disease, and inflammatory bowel disease. is review also discusses a recent study of Saccharomyces spp. in which inflammation was prevented by promotion of proinflammatory immune function via the production of short-chain fatty acids. A summary of gut microbiota alteration with future perspectives is also provided. 

益生菌是有益于健康的微生物菌株，因其对可调节肠道微生物群，越来越得到广泛关注。

肠道是由宿主细胞、微生物群和可用营养物质组成的复杂生态系统，微生物群通过免疫调节预防疾病。如今大多数益生菌产品都是由双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌和其他乳酸菌（如乳球菌和链球菌）开发的。其他有潜在应用价值的益生菌菌包括芽孢杆菌属、大肠杆菌属、丙酸杆菌属和其他一些酵母属，主要是酵母菌，也在逐步的开发中。

有研究指出嗜酸乳杆菌、干酪乳杆菌、鼠李糖乳杆菌、瑞士乳杆菌等几种乳酸杆菌的种类和菌株，对人类和动物疾病的预防都起着积极作用，这些益生菌能够改变肠道微生物群中的微生物数量，控制肠道微生物群生态系统的功能。

本文讨论了肠道微生物群及几种益生菌及其对人体营养、代谢、生理和免疫的影响。乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌和其它大肠杆菌作为比较有前景的益生菌，它们在预防肥胖、糖尿病、癌症、心血管疾病、恶性肿瘤、肝病和炎症性肠病等退行性疾病中可发挥重要作用。

近年来也有研究指出，酵母菌可通过产生短链脂肪酸来发挥促炎免疫功能，从而预防炎症。益生菌通过增加细菌数量、肠上皮屏障功能和产生细胞因子来调节肠道微生物的平衡状态。

同时，饮食和不同的营养物质对肠道微生物群有显著的影响。应进一步深化研究，阐明不同饮食或营养物质下肠道微生物群组成变化与益生菌种类之间的关系。利用适当的实验模型（体内或体外）去深入探讨肠道微生物群组成和宿主健康的潜在共生体。此外，发现和鉴定新的益生菌，从微生物群和益生菌混合物中分离和鉴定，也将是未来促进宿主健康研究的关键途径。

知几未来研究院正在搭建一个“疾病-肠道菌群”知识库。

你可以在公众号菜单栏“学术工具“版块直接查阅疾病和肠道菌群的相关信息；

也可以在公众号对话框回复疾病名称，如“IBD”或“肠易激综合征”，查看与疾病相关的菌群；

或回复菌种名称，如“双歧杆菌”或“Hp”，查看与细菌相关的疾病。

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