冬奥专栏-项目知识 || 自由式滑雪
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冬奥专栏||项目知识
第十一期
第24届冬奥会将于2022年2月4日在北京隆重开幕，为了迎接北京冬奥会胜利召开，“语言服务研究院”公众号开办“迎冬奥特别发布”栏目，将陆续推出冬奥会冰雪运动项目的术语及项目知识，敬请关注！
冬奥会设有15个竞赛分项：短道速滑、速度滑冰、花样滑冰、冰球、冰壶、雪车、钢架雪车、雪橇、冬季两项、高山滑雪、自由式滑雪、单板滑雪、跳台滑雪、越野滑雪、北欧两项。其中，冰上项目占5分项，雪上项目占10分项。
本篇推文向读者朋友介绍的项目知识是：自由式滑雪
自由式滑雪
Freestyle Skiing
01
项目简介
Brief Introduction
自由式滑雪从上世纪中叶开始首先在美国发展起来，九十年代陆续被列入冬奥项目，由双板完成。自由式滑雪项目包括空中技巧、雪上技巧、U型场地技巧、坡面障碍技巧、障碍追逐和大跳台等小项，不同小项各具特色。
After first featuring as a demonstration sport at the 1988 Calgary Games, freestyle skiing was introduced to the Winter Olympic programme in 1992, with new events - including ski cross, halfpipe, and slope-style - added to the competition format over the years.
-WINTER-
-WINTER-
02
项目设置
Settings
03
项目规则
Rules
空中技巧比赛: 选手可选择不同跳台起跳，在空中完成各种高难度的翻腾及旋转动作，稳定地落在松软的雪面上，并顺利地滑行道急停区。五名裁判根据选手的表现打出起跳分、空中分和落地分，合计各环节得分后确定名次。
雪上技巧比赛: 选手顺着布满人造雪球的赛道极速滑下。赛道只有两个跳跃点，选手需完成两次跳跃动作。运动员的分数等于跳跃得分、滑行技术得分和滑行时间得分相加。
障碍追逐比赛：通过预赛选出的选手，每四人一组，在各种地形地物构成的赛道上追逐，按选手通过终点线的先后顺序排名，每组前两名进入下一轮，直到决出最终胜负。
自由式滑雪U型场地技巧: 选手从倾斜的半圆筒形斜坡往下滑，并展现跳跃、回转等空中动作。裁判员根据动作的腾空高度、转体角度及流畅性与美观性来打分。
自由式滑雪坡面障碍技巧: 选手在有铁轨、桌子、箱子等各种道具及跳台构成的赛道上进行比赛，五名裁判员根据腾空高度、动作难度、动作创新性、动作多样性及完成度等因素打分。
自由式滑雪大跳台项目: 北京2022年冬奥会新增项目，是在一个仰角的跳台上完成跳跃翻转展现飞行美感的比赛，裁判员根据选手起跳的高度、远度、空中实现技术的难度以及落地滑行的姿态打分。
Moguls: This is a judged event where skiers race down a course covered in mounds of snow known as moguls. During their run a skier must hit two jumps and complete one trick each time.
Aerials: Skiers launch themselves off large jumps and perform acrobatic moves while airborne. The competitors perform a series of flips and twists and are judged on their take-off, manoeuvre execution and their landing.
Ski cross: Four skiers race together on a downhill course, similar to a BMX or motocross track with jumps and rollers. The first two skiers that cross the finish line go through to the next rounds. In the final the first three to cross the line win medals.
Slopestyle: This discipline involves skiers individually navigating down a course, performing a variety of tricks on a mix of rails and jumps. Courses usually have six features — three jumps and three sections of rails.
Halfpipe: Skiers compete in a U-shaped course that has walls which are 22 feet (6.7 metres) high. Skiers navigate through the halfpipe, performing a variety of tricks in and outside the course walls.
Big air: Big air has a single jump and skiers have three chances, known as runs, to land the biggest and most difficult trick they possibly can.
4. 比赛装备
Equipment
自由式滑雪器材包括滑雪板、滑雪靴、运动服及手套等。因动作比较剧烈且冲击力较大，要求滑雪板必须坚固耐用，滑雪板要安装固定器以连接滑雪靴与滑雪板。
The equipment for freestyle skiing includes skis, boots, ski suits, gloves and so on. To protect skiers from the violent impact during vigorous movement, the skis must be firm and durable. The skis should be fitted with a pair of bindings to connect the ski boots and the skis.
5. 开赛时间
2022年2月5日-2月14日
5 February - 14 February 2022
6. 竞赛场馆
首钢滑雪大跳台将在北京冬奥会期间承担单板和自由式滑雪大跳台比赛项目，设计理念源自中国敦煌壁画中传统的飞天造型，从侧面看去又犹如一只灵动的“水晶鞋”。
Big Air Shougang will undertake the big air events of snowboard and freestyle skiing. The design concept of the platform is derived from the traditional flying Apsaras in Dunhuang frescoes in China.
Big Air Shougang
云顶滑雪公园包括U型场地技巧、坡面障碍技巧、雪上技巧、空中技巧、障碍追逐、平行大回转六条赛道，共计产生20块金牌。张家口山地媒体中心位于场馆群内，由云顶大酒店改建而成。云顶滑雪公园不仅是自由式滑雪及单板滑雪国家队的训练基地，也为大众冰雪运动提供了优质场地。
Genting Snow Park will be the venues for Aerials, Halfpipe, Moguls, Slopestyle, Cross and Parallel Giant Slalom of both snowboard and freestyle skiing.
Genting Snow Park
END
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特别申明：文章部分内容、图片及视频来自北京冬奥组委官网及国际滑雪联合会官网，不用做商业目的，如有侵权，即刻删除。点击“阅读原文”，可直接跳转至北京冬奥组委官网，查看更多自由式滑雪相关知识。
参考网站：
https://www.beijing2022.cn/cn/olympics/freestyle_skiing.htm
https://www.beijing2022.cn/wog.htm?cmsid=EYS2021041400609300
https://www.beijing2022.cn/wog.htm?cmsid=MHI2021111000386800
https://www.fis-ski.com/en/alpine-skiing
https://olympics.com/en/news/watch-freestyle-skiing-olympic-games-beijing