冬奥专栏-项目知识 || 越野滑雪
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冬奥专栏||项目知识
第十四期
第24届冬奥会将于2022年2月4日在北京隆重开幕，为了迎接北京冬奥会胜利召开，“语言服务研究院”公众号开办“迎冬奥特别发布”栏目，将陆续推出冬奥会冰雪运动项目的术语及项目知识，敬请关注！
冬奥会设有15个竞赛分项：短道速滑、速度滑冰、花样滑冰、冰球、冰壶、雪车、钢架雪车、雪橇、冬季两项、高山滑雪、自由式滑雪、单板滑雪、跳台滑雪、越野滑雪、北欧两项。其中，冰上项目占5分项，雪上项目占10分项。
本篇推文向读者朋友介绍的项目知识是：越野滑雪
越野滑雪
Cross-Country Skiing
01
项目简介
Brief Introduction
越野滑雪是以滑雪板和滑雪杖为工具，滑行于山丘雪原的运动项目。赛道路线中的上坡、平地、下坡比例分别为1/3，选手需要使用传统式或自由式滑雪技巧进行比赛。该项目较之其他滑雪项目，负伤风险较少。冬季奥运会分男子6项和女子6项，共12个小项。
In cross-country skiing, skiers race across a snow-covered field on skis. The course is composed of three equal segments of uphill, level, and downhill fields and athletes must employ classic or skate skiing techniques. The event is not limited to the ski slope like alpine skiing but can be enjoyed wherever there is a snow-covered field, allowing participants to appreciate the natural beauty of the track. It has the further advantage that it is less liable to risk of injury compared to other skiing events.
-WINTER-
-WINTER-
02
项目设置
Settings
03
项目规则
Rules
越野滑雪比赛涉及两种技术，传统技术和自由技术。
传统技术的赛道需压制专用雪槽，两个滑雪板放入雪槽内并保持与滑行方向平行。传统技术比赛中不允许有单脚或双脚蹬雪滑行的动作，运动员利用雪仗的推撑向前滑行。
自由技术包括全部的越野滑雪技术，其赛道没有雪槽。自由滑雪板机动性更强，自由技术比赛没有对蹬雪动作的限制，以向两侧发力为主。
Two types of techniques are used in cross-country skiing competitions: classic techniques and free techniques.
The ski courses for the classic techniques are prepared trails that have pairs of parallel grooves cutting into the snow. Skiers keep their skis in the parallel grooves when skiing. Lifting one leg or both legs to kick the snow is not allowed in classic style skiing. Skiers move forward with pole planting.
For free technique skiing, which is more flexible, there are no groomed trails. There are no restrictions on kicking the snow in free technique skiing. Athletes push their skis out to the sides to propel them forward.
4. 比赛场地装备
FOP & Equipment
越野滑雪的场地一般选择地形复杂多变的区域，上坡、下坡和波状起伏路段各占赛道的1/3。
越野滑雪的器材装备主要包括滑雪板，滑雪靴，固定器，滑雪杖，滑雪服和护目镜等。越野滑雪使用两种技术，雪板最为重要：
自由式板比较短，板尖比较小，底部光滑，需全部打滑蜡。
传统式板有很明显的弓型弧线，滑行部分需要打滑蜡，中间蹬动部分打防滑蜡。
Cross-country skiing competitions are often held on complex terrains. The courses are with uphill, downhill, and undulating terrains, each accounting for one third of the total length.
The equipment for cross-country skiing includes skis, ski boots, bindings, poles, suits and goggles.
5. 开赛时间
2022年2月5日-2月20日
5 February - 20 February 2022
6. 竞赛场馆
国家越野滑雪中心将承担北京冬奥会越野滑雪和北欧两项的比赛。越野滑雪是冬季项目中的马拉松，赛道路线长、运动员比赛时间长，是典型的耐力项目。
National Cross-Country Centre will hold the Cross-Country and Nordic Combined events of the 2022 Winter Olympic Game.
National Cross-Country Centre
END
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特别申明：文章部分内容、图片及视频来自北京冬奥组委官网、新华社及国际滑雪联合会官网，不用做商业目的，如有侵权，即刻删除。点击“阅读原文”，可直接跳转至北京冬奥组委官网。
参考网站：
http://owgt.blcu.edu.cn/cn/term/details?id=Gkap765m&lang=cn
https://www.beijing2022.cn/en/olympics_/cross_country_skiing.htm
https://www.beijing2022.cn/a/20190509/007160.htm
https://www.beijing2022.cn/wog.htm?cmsid=EYS2021042300530200
https://olympics.com/en/beijing-2022/sports/cross-country-skiing/
https://www.fis-ski.com/en/cross-country