为无为｜谢英俊建筑实践价值观念
EXTITUTE｜BLOOM绽｜为城市展／为城市战
文｜谢英俊 [常民建筑]／责编｜王家浩
2011年以“人民的建筑”为题的巡回展出之后，谢英俊及其团队的工作进一步地转换到公众媒体传播的视野之中。同年10月持续四天的“社会更新”圆桌从两个方向提出问题：一方面是谢英俊及其团队在做什么事情？又是怎么做的？以及未来还会有怎样的可能？另一方面，我们又应当如何看待已经出现的对谢英俊及其团队的评论？
谢英俊及其团队创建的体系不仅力图对现有的社会生产进行垂向整合，更是对都市状况中的技术观念提出了挑战。由此我们可以将谢英俊在此前提到的四点总结简要概括并提升：“开放“的并不只是建筑的生产体系，而是作为人的政治本能的建造；“简化”的不只是建筑中的构造，而是社群中的人与生存环境的更为直接的关系；探索的“原型”并不只是居住群落的形态，而是社会的组织方式；“互为主体”不只是现实政治中慈善式参与或本体介入，而是相互召唤的主体化过程。
一系列议题的推进，缘起于对共识的否定、承接破除神化之后的反转、由建筑转向社会生产、由设计转向社会意识、合于对职业化主体的自我批判。也就是说，在厘正所谓人道主义的误解，澄清所谓乡愁中的潜能之后，将是对未来的假定：后宜家时期的设计生态应如何转向？知识产权与扩大再生产之间的冲突与协调？最终回到建筑师在社会更新中的政治主体的位置为何？
只有完成这样一个对现代主义以来的建筑生产体系反思的时刻，才有可能重新开始，由为什么“不得不去”来反观并没有可能去到那些地方的建筑师们所身处的机制。之后2015年9月的“评论展”的前提并不止于建造与建成物，而是试图将研究、策展、展示、社会运动转化为互相触动的进程。
除了与谢英俊及其团队实践相关的社会条件的资料展现之外，展出更侧重于来自人类学、艺术、建筑、社会运动、社区营造等不同学科和实践领域的评论人之间的马拉松对话，在谢英俊本人不在场的情况下，阐述自己是怎么观察、评论谢英俊及其团队的工作，表述各自是如何将这样的案例作用于自身已有工作的反思之中。而在展览第一回的结尾时，谢英俊又在此前的评论人不在场的情况下，回应了每个评论人的观点表述。
正如谢英俊及其团队在2018年9月的“为无为”展出中所强调的那样：“展览并不只是为了当下的展示及表达，更是检视了过去，评估现在到了哪里，以及将来的可能在哪里。”展览包含以“为”呈现谢英俊团队特殊的设计操作，如何以低限的作为与他者（使用者、营建参与者）做最有效的协作；“无为”则呈现他者参与后无限衍伸的状态。本次推送的是这一展出过程中由谢英俊团队分享的建筑实践的价值与观念，从单线图与数码化开篇，回应了所谓社会性建筑的技术前提与体系愿景。原文以及更多图片可以关注“常民建筑”。
谢英俊 [常民建筑]
为无为｜谢英俊建筑实践价值观念｜2018
本文5500字以内
A｜
单线图：
定义了抽象线条与真实世界间的关系，是有效的沟通与设计工具。
Single Line Drawing:
An efficient algorithm for communication and design that defines the functional relationship of real world with abstract lines.
向传统工匠学习：
传统木匠在施工时，并没有现代加工后笔直的木材可用，因此他们会在原木的两端截面以弹墨线的方式，建立出一条虚拟的中心线，再以此中心线放样并加工。依此经验，强化轻钢系统便是以“单线图”为基础的设计、生产、施工系统。
Learning from the traditional Chinese timber builders:
At the time, when industrial straight-cut limber were not available, the traditional builders define a virtual central line by inking both ends of the crooked wooden logs. Based on recognizing these virtual lines, they then build and assemble houses.
单线图的应用：
单线图的概念及应用，在不同时空背景及专业领域内都可找到它存在的脉胳。从传统木结构营建流程内，工匠师傅使用的单线图及建造过程中搭配的口诀和词汇；到近代专业分工下，房屋结构强度的设计与计算，都是使用类似的线条搭配文字，目的在于简化沟通的信息量。
Application of the Single Line:
The concept of single line drawing and its application can be found throughout the history of construction. For constructing a traditional Chinese timber house, artisans communicated with a few drawn lines, phrases that define these lines and pithy slangs to communicate among wood workers and clients. In the modern times, structural analysis are also done based on simplified lines with necessary information.
参数的载体：
在强化轻钢系统下，单线图中单一线条的表达，可同时携带多种含义及参数，并依据不同使用目的转换。从设计调整房屋型式及长宽高、决定钢材断面规格以符合结构安全、明确料件生产长度、整体成本管控、搭建时材料相对位置关系等，都能在单线图的概念下进行。
Medium of the variables:
In Reinforced Light-Gauge Steel Framing System, a line can simultaneously represents a variety of variables and definitions which can transform according to different application purposes. From adjustment to the designated dimensions, building forms, specification of the steel member for manufacture and cost control during the production and construction...etc, are all working under the framework of single line drawing.
有效沟通的语言：
相对于现行营建体系下精细且繁复的建筑图说，单线图更可精准且普及地跨越不同群体、产业层级及专业领域，在彼此间形成一种有效的沟通基础和语言。同时，由于可运用此单线图的群体范围大且能高效沟通，营建过程中更可相互整合、协作并且有效地将经验累积及传承更新。
Basic and compatible language:
In relation to current overly-complex and detailed construction drawings have the capacity to facilitate communication across a wide range of different disciplines, communities and industries. With a more generally recognizable and applicable language used by a wide range of groups, process and experience in construction and design can then be integrated and accumulated more systematically and cooperatively across generations.
B｜
数码化：
在电脑及电子资料的普及下，数位电子电路推进传统工业从机械和类比电路转化为数位技术所产生的科技革命。
Digital Revolution:
A shift in industries from mechanic technology to electronic and digital technology, with the widespread of computer and digital information.
数字基础：
从希腊数学家毕德哥拉斯(Pythagoras)起始，他便认为数学可以解择世界上一切事物。经过数千年科技文明发展，抽象数字语言逻辑的应用更是构成数码化革命必要的基础。数码化革命仰赖于电子计算机、个人电脑和微型处理器的发展，使运算效率得以上升至新的层级；同时依靠通迅技术的演进，造就了电脑网络、网际网路、无线传输……等技术，直到现今还遍布人类生活并不断持续地影响着人类的历史。
Mathematic Foundation:
Greek mathematician Pythagoras considered mathematic as a way to explain everything on earth. Through thousands of years of technological development, the abstract mathematic language and revolution. Digital revolution continually flourish when development of computers, PCs and micro-processors took the efficiency of computation to another level. At the same time, with the advancement of communication technology such as the internet and wireless communication are continuously changing our history to the present day.
精准运算的语言：
在电脑普及下，传统建筑行业内倚靠手工绘制图说，劳力密集且费时的工作，在搭配CAD电脑辅助设计(Computer Aided Design)二维制图工具后，降低建筑生产过程中所耗费的沟通成本与误差，并开启生产流程在自动化作业环境下的可能性。现行房屋工业体系内，数码化的应用仍仅止于图面绘制工具的效率提升、非量化高成本的建筑材料生产与建筑环境控制模拟计算等具体案例。在整合整体产业发展的前提下，少有相较于其他产业所能扩及的范围与有效量化的系统。
Precisionand Computation in language:
With the popularization of personal computers, CAD(Computer Aided Design) replaced what used to be labor-intensive and time consuming architecture drafting and reduced the cost for error or communication. This advancement opens up the possibility of automatic production in the manufacturing of many different industries.However in the current housing industry, the application of digitalization mainly concentrates on the advancement of efficiency in drafting, material productionfor customized design at all cost and building environment modeling andcomputing...etc. Under the premise trying to systematically integrate the entire housing industry, few systems in architecture have the same capacity interms of scope and mass as systems in other industries.
数码化单线图：
强化轻钢系统在数码化的基础上，一般图面原所携带较模糊的设计定义，被转化为可精准运算并且在数字规范下能更有效沟通的语言。不同于一般建筑行业内表达材料相对关系、具象却非精确现实的图面。强化轻钢系统克服了图像转化至现实后主要构件的精度问题。单一简化的线条在CAD环境下可同时定义出精准的轻钢构件长度、规格、断面以及其组合方式；于此同时，相同简化的线条，更是在方案发展、结构安全评估、构造材料结合、数量计算、预算成本控管……等各建筑发展阶段间，可同时平行运算的高精度沟通架构系统。
Digitalized single line drawing:
Based upon digitalized working environment in Reinforced Light-Gauge Steel Framing System, typical construction drawings can be transformed as algorithm that can be computed and communicate more easily. Unlike construction drawings that are mainly representational for the purpose of communication among house builders, R.L.S.F overcomes the challenge of precision control when drawings transfer to the actual material specification and connection type of a steel member, but it can also be used for design development, structural analysis, material detailing, quantity calculation and budget control in many phases of design and construction process, parallel and precise.
2016年芬兰Aavaranta难民安置区，以简化的放样及组构方式带领难民团体组建木构架。透过简化后的数据及图像即可沟通。
In 2016, Hsieh demonstrate how to layout and assemble timber frame with single line design to the community of Aavaranta refugee settlement of Finland. With simplified dates and images to communicate.
C｜
强化轻钢结构系统：
由工厂预制、螺栓固定、搭配水泥灌注以增加抗压强度的镀锌冷弯薄壁型钢结构框架。
Reinforced Light-Gauge Steel Frame:
A prefabricated steel framing system connected by bolts and nuts, reinforcing by concrete infill to enhance its compressive strength.
结构特性：
轻钢框架结构是由轻钢梁柱构成，以框架内主柱和次柱共同承担竖向荷载，并以斜向支撑抵抗侧向力（水平风力及水平地震力）及增加稳定性。搭配水泥砂浆抗压的特性，灌注水泥后的柱体可大幅增加其本身的结构稳定性。框架内主要构件连续且不间断，并由螺栓连结固定以抵抗节点剪力。轻钢框架在单一结构料件的构成上，足以提供基本居住空间使用上的结构需求。如遇大跨度需求，可利用钢材高抗拉的特性，将单一结构料件组合为桁架系统。
Structural Characteristics:
It constituted of light-gauge steel members as posts and beams. The major columns take the role of vertical load bearing members while the diagonal supports resists lateral loads such as wind load and horizontal seismic force. When reinforced with concrete infill, steel members perform with a better stability in resisting compression compare to usual steel structure. The main structures are connected by bolts as continuous steel members while most of the connections considered as hinges taken in shear forces. Light-gauge steel frame as one uniform structural materials has the capability to satisfied the structural needs for ordinary dwellings, while assembled trusses can fulfill the needs for greater span.
结构体系：
强化轻钢系统使用的原材料高强度镀锌冷弯薄壁钢材厚度介于1.5毫米至3毫米间，承袭了类似于中国传统木结构的梁柱结构体系，柱梁连续且柱间距较大，不易受墙体作法限制。不同于国际间发展出的板墙式结构体系，使用的钢材厚度约介于0.1毫米至0.8毫米间，是采用密肋式轻钢龙骨型成的承重墙面以楼层分隔，并以斜向交叉支撑作为抵抗侧向力。
Structural System:
The structural members are cold formed from thin sheets of galvanized steel in a thickness between 1.5 to 3.0 mm. It inherited similar post and beam structural system from the Chinese traditional timber framing, with continuous structural members and a greater column spacing, allowing flexibility in the construction of walls.
生产与组装：
构件由镀锌钢卷裁切冷弯成型，材质稳定均匀，构件加工精确度高，有利于大量生产与质量确保，镀锌防锈保护层，耐候性佳。钢材可预制成多样的断面规格，并依据不同的需求弹性组合使用。由螺栓连结的锁固方式，更确保了现场施工简易、迅速且易管理的特性。
Manufacture and Assembly:
Steel members are cold-rolled and formed as different types of section, with advantages from steel as a very stable material in manufacturing. Steel performs great in the precision of metalworking for mass production and quality control, while the galvanized coating protects steel members against weathering. The sectional variety associated with different structural characteristics allows a big range of combinations according to different needs. Constructed by simpler fixtures like nuts and bolts, the construction process becomes much easier, faster and way more cost-effective in supervision and management.
D｜
开放建筑系统：
考虑不同的地域、文化、社会经济、科技工艺等条件下，容许人造建构环境，随时间弹性变化的构筑系统。
Open Building Approach:
An open framework that respects regional, cultural, socio-economical and technological conditions allowing alternations and modifications done to the built-in environment through time.
支架与填充：
开放建筑的设计方法是以“层级”概念，将设计任务区分为“支撑体”(support)与“填充物”(infill)上下两种层级的对话。“支撑体”是指属于公共的、不易变动或不希望变动的主要构件；“填充物”则是指属于私有的、可呈现多元性或可依使用需求调整的次要构件。在强化轻钢系统内，主要构件为轻钢框架本身，确保了建筑结构本身的合理性与安全性；次要构件则是依据不同的地域环境和使用需求，所搭配现有的建房材料及工艺技术。
Skeleton and Infill:
Open building approach is based on the concept of dividing design tasks into two different hierarchy, “support” and “infill”. Support refers to main components that are public, limited to alternation orconstant; whereas infill stands for sub-components that are privately own, diverse and compatible with changes made by time. Under the premise of RLGS, the “supports” are made with the light gauge steel framework, ensuring adequate and safe structure, while allowing various “infills” to attach such as local craftsmanship, scavenged local materials and spatialneeds.
结构与空间：
强化轻钢构件本身相较于一般钢筋混凝土框架、重型钢构等常见的结构构件，有其轻量易搬运、组装拆卸容易、施工技术门槛低、材料成本低廉等特性。为回应长久居住下所产生空间及结构上调整的需求，此系统提供了居民以低廉的成本搭配简单的技术自行调整或扩建其居所的弹性。
Structure to Space:
RLGS components have a handful of advantages comparing to easily-seen structure systems such as R.C. or hot-formed steel. It can be easily transported, assembled and dismantled. It requires minimum technical professionals and made with very economical materials. To respond to the needs for adjusting structure and space under the circumstance to sustain a lifespan of habitation, the system provides the inhabitants the flexibility to expand and adjust with ordinary and available techniques.
构造与材料：
面对不同的地域及物理环境条件，强化轻钢系统所搭配的建筑构造除考虑基本的功能性外，也必须将简化构法、组件系统化、多样化等设计准则含括在内。简化构法，是尽量以现有市场组件为组成，不刻意开发特殊构件的方式，让一般民众在不经过特别训练的情况下仍能参与组装施作。组件系统化则是提供构造组成的可逆性，藉由回收且更新部份材料的方式延长及维护组件的使用。构造多样化的成立，在于必须考虑当地现有的建房材料及传统工艺技术如何合理的与轻钢系统结合，以使在单一简单的轻钢原型下仍能结合多样的工艺及材料。
Materials Compatibility:
Under different premises of the local physical environment, RLGS can be combine with material components to provide basic adequate function. At the same time, the construction must be simplified, systematized in to componentsand with the consideration of diversity. The simplification of construction process requires using readily-existed components in the market, limited the cost in developing new and special component, to allow common residents to participate in the construction process without special training. Systematized building components provides the reversibility of materials through recycle and renew partial materials for the longevity and maintenance of the building materials. The diversity of building component is established on the consideration of how to combine local materials with traditional craftsmanship with a simple and unified steel frame prototype.
E｜
适用科技：
是以简单、小规模、劳力密集、善用能源、环境友善且本地自主的方式，实现一般依靠资本密集式的先进技术才可达成目的的替代性选择。
Appropriate Technology:
Simple, small-scaled, labor-intensive, energy-efficient, environmental friendly and locally autonomous technological alternative in respond to the capital-intensive and high-end technology.
适用性：
适用科技又称为适用技术、中间技术或简单技术，是一种意识形态的运动和宣言，大多实践于开发中或未开发的国家。它强调在以人为本的前提下，为解决大部份人的基本生活需求，提供一个在先进技术选择中，能更充分的考虑环境与社会整体脉络，小规模、高能效、本地自主、且环境友善的科技选项。
Compatibility:
Appropriate technology is also called intermediate technology or simple technology. It is an ideological movement and manifesto mostly practiced in the developing countries. Appropriate technology stands to provide technological alternatives that meet the ordinary needs whichis small-scaled, highly-effective, local, autonomous and environmental friendlyin consideration of both the environment and social-economic condition.
劳力参与：
简单技术降低参与的门槛，扁平化空间范围内的劳力价值，除去专业技术门槛下的限制，使青壮年到老弱妇孺都可参与其中，劳力的参与程度得以最大化。面对在历经灾难后仍在恢复中的群体亦或是传统农村里农闲时剩余的劳动力，简单技术提供了有效整合并且利用小区劳动力的解决方式，使得居民参与、协力互助、小区区域经济、凝聚小区主体意识等概念得以实现。
Maximum Participation:
The simplification of technique reduce barrier in the participation of ordinary people. It flattens the value of labor in a certain area, reducing technical boundaries in a highly professional setting. By allowing participation from young adults to elderly and weak, it maximizes the participation of labor, especially in the circumstance of post-disaster recovery and idle labor power during the recessed season of the traditional peasant community. To integrate labors effectively within a community, the simplification of techniques allows residents to participate, help one another and coheres the sense of community.
简化工法：
在强化轻钢结构系统的营建体系中，适用科技的实践在各个层面都不断地被整合于系统内。主要构件钢材的生产及加工过程，可使用现行市场内普遍的电动或手工具，以简化易懂的生产流程确保质量及精准度；钢构框架的组装方式则仅以简化的线条图纸即可沟通，并且从人力到机具都可以搭配施工；系统组件化后的房屋构造更适以当地既成的工法及材料，使构筑过程中的沟通更加精简顺畅，大幅地增加多方参与的机会。
Simplification of Construction:
The idea of appropriate technology is integrated into the different levels of RLGS construction system. In the process of production and manufacture, even common electronic tools or hand tools can beutilized with easily-understood standard process ensuring the quality and precision. The method of construction is communicated through simple line drawing and can be assembled with only man power or regular machinery. Systematized components are made with local technology and materials, making building process easy and smooth.
F｜
可持续建筑：
以重建及维护自然与人造建构环境间的平衡为目标，肯定人类尊严及其价值并且追求经济平等的居住模式。
Sustainable Architecture:
Habitation which reconstructs and maintains the balance between nature and built-in environment, with consideration of human dignity and economic equality.
全球性：
1998年国际建筑与营造研发联盟(CIB: International Council for Research andInnovation in Building and Construction) 拟定了可持续建筑在全球尺度下，传统营建体系面对全球性生态环境、社会、文化、经济等问题所应考虑的范畴。
Global Context:
In the agenda drafted by the CIB (International Council for Research andInnovation in Building and Construction) in 1998, criteria regarding the environment, society, culture and economics were addressed as crucial consideration in the traditional construction process under the global context.
永续的环境经济社会：
环境的永续，考虑人类居住环境的生活质量、生态环境的维持与平衡、自然资源的有效利用、及维护生态系间稳定和谐的关系。可持续的经济建立在自主且非依赖性的营造体系，利用剩余的劳动力从事材料加工与房屋兴建，就地取材降低对主流市场的依赖，简化生产设备以减少资本的投入。社会文化的永续在于强调公平与正义，尊重每一个人的工作权、生存权。透过居民参与、协力互助、集体劳动，建立小区主体意识，保持文化多样性。
Sustainable socio-economic environment:
Sustainability considers the living quality ofhuman habitation, preservation and balance of the natural environment, effective use of natural resources and the stability of ecosystem. The sustainable economic is established on the autonomous and unreliable construction system by utilizing the excess labor force in the construction process of building. Using locally sourced building materials can minimize dependence on mainstream market, while simplified production equipment reduce the investmentof capital. In respect to the right to work and live for each person, sustainability in the society is established on the social equality andjustice. Through participation, cooperative building and collective working, sense of community and diversity of culture can be sustained.
部落及乌托邦：
部落文化是人类文明的母体，相较于部落万年的演进，人类文明却仅止于千年间的历史。在过去实际进行的案例中，部落文化仍现存于大部份的少数民族中。部落小区集体意识仍能从921震后重建(日月潭邵族)、88水灾重建(排湾、布农、鲁凯族)、汶川震后重建(羌族、藏族)、西藏牧民定居房(藏族)、四川凉山新农村建设(彝族)……等群体中窥见其脉络。现代人类智能的演化还跟不上其文明的发展速度，理想社会乌托邦的解答都指向了仍存在我们文化母体中来自部落的智慧。
Tribe and Utopia:
Tribal culture is the origin of human civilization. Comparing to the million-years of tribal evolution, human civilization history only lasts for thousands of years. In most of the cases of our practice, tribal culture is still existing in most of the minority aboriginal community. From the 921 earthquake reconstruction of Thao, 88 flood reconstruction of Payuan, Bunun and Rukai, Qiang, Tibetan and Yi from the reconstruction in China, are all communities coexisted with the tribal culture. The evolution of modern human intelligence is still running behind with the speed of their technological development. The solution towards Utopia resides in the wisdom of tribal culture, the mother of all the culture.
G｜
建筑产业4.0 Architecture：
旨在透过数码与网络技术，使建筑产业各方资源角色开放地相互协作，同时结合消费端，形成未来产销一体的平台。
Construction Industry 4.0:
Built on current digital and internet technology, a platform which integrates consumers and architecture service providers within the industry, allowing various resources and roles work cooperatively and effectively.
工业4.0：
现行“工业4.0”的认知，在于制造过程的电脑数位化，着重将现有的工业技术、销售与产品体验统合，建立为具有适应性、高效率的智慧工厂。在商业流程中更可整合客户以及合作伙伴，提供完善的售后服务。“物联网”结合了实体对象与其感知技术，在对象彼此间形成一个可互动的网络。在商业运作之下，即可利用对象所产生的大量数据进行演算与评估，进而提升其效率及影响力。
Industry 4.0:
The current understanding of industry 4.0 is limited to the digitalization of the production process. By combining latest technology with user experience and market management, an adaptive and effective smart factory is made possible. Onthe business side, by integrating customers and partners, complete and well-operated customer service can be provided. The “Internet of Things” combines physical objects with sensory technology, forming an interactive network between objects. When operated within certain business model, these massive data thus can be calculated and evaluated to increase productivity and effectively.
建筑产业整合：
建筑与营造专业领域内所涉及的社会经济面向多元且复杂，从一般人日常的生活模式，到社会政经条件下对于建筑集体意义与象征的投射，都是造成现代建筑产业至始仍处于封闭传统且单一线性发展的原因。建筑营造产业内所缺乏的，是一个能打破现有封闭结构、具有开放性、并整合产业链的机制。从使用者、设计者、材料生产者、销售方、地产开发者到政府决策者……等等各方角色，要如何使各专业及资源能在一个共有的平台上串联协作，将会是建筑产业所必须面对的首要问题。
Integration ofindustry:
The architecture and construction industry is operated under a very complicated and diverse socio-economic condition. From the definition of ordinary lifestyle to the current collective social and symbolic projection and interpretation to building and houses, these are all essential influences that affect the modern architecture industry to be developed towards a more monotonous and traditional path. What is missing is an industrial agency which breaks down the closed structural hierarchy and providesan integrated open platform which links to users, designers, material manufacturers, dealers, real estate developers and governmental decision makers. Finding a way to integrates all the professionals and resources to work cooperatively on one platform, will be the primary question current industry must face.
开放的平台：
在强化轻钢系统的技术支持以及秉持建筑专业作为的基础之下，一个整合各方专业资源并且容许彼此协作的开放平台便可建立起来。善用设计者的创造力、有效地回应使用者的需求、提供材料生产者可精准依附的结构体，以及平台内销售方依据的市场判断机制……等，此开放平台将大幅地降低现行房屋工业产业链内巨大的间接成本，并创造出多样化、客制化更可同时量化的产品及服务。
Open Platform:
With the technological support and respect of professions within the R.L.G.S. system, a platform can be established, allowing diverse professions and resources to work cooperatively and smoothly. Creativity from designers can beutilized effectively in response to the needs of users, precise and flexible building structures can allow material manufacturers to attach to with little waste, and flexible market models can provide dealers to adapt and profit from. This open platform aims to decrease the massive indirect cost which exist in most of the current building industry and can at the same time provide much more diverse, customized but mass-produced products and services.
H｜
物件导向设计：
旨在以系统化、正规化的方式将建筑设计思考和生成的思维，转化为严谨逻辑架构下精准且明确的沟通及设计操作语言。
Objected-Oriented Design:
Aims to systematize and normalize the architecture design process and transfer it into a rigorous and precise language that can be communicated and operated among designers.
物件导向程序开发：
物件导向设计一般定义为一种在“物件”概念下程序开发的思维过程。“物件”作为程序的基本单元，同时携带着数据资料以及处理程序, 而“物件界面”则定义了与此物件互动的范围及规则。“物件”的特性在于其所携带的处理程序可以取用或是修改与其所关联的数据，在物件导向程序设计中，处理程序是以多个“物件”与定义彼此互动关系而组成的。
Objected Oriented Design:
Objected Oriented Design, or OOD, is a programming design process under the concept of ‘object’. ‘Object’ as the basic unit in programing carries data and procedures. The ‘object interface’ defines the interactive boundaries and rules between different objects. The characteristic of ‘object’ is that the procedures it carries can associate and modify related data within the groups of many other objects. In OOD, the programming is formed by multiple ‘objects’ and their interactions with one another.
建筑设计下的物件：
为了让电脑像人脑一样运作，必须先提供有限的讯息以便运算并办识出客体。在建筑设计过程中最容易辨认的一些拥有重复性、规律性、原则性的东西，可先称之为“物件”。而当要重构一个主体时，并能以操作一些“物件”使其建构出来。例如川西民居常见的穿斗式构架，就是一个非常有效的物件，它可以有效地在一定范围内的结构体系与营建模式中，依据不同的使用需求以及基地情况达到不同的变化。在建筑设计里的“物件”必须完善各种的条件，如材料特性、结构特性、空间特性、构造关系、使用习惯……等等，才能成为一个强效的物件。
OOD in Architecture Design:
For computer to design like a human brain, limited information is fed for it to identify ‘object’ with algorithmic calculation. In the context of architecture design, some of the most recognizable elementsthat are repetitive, regular and primary can be organized as ‘objects’. A subject can be reconstructed with the manipulation and association of these ‘objects’. For example, the traditional Chinese post and lintel construction in West Sichuan is an example of a very effective object. Within its structural properties and construction method, it can adapt to various spatial requirements and site environment. An effective ‘object’ in architecture design has to fulfill different requirements such as material, structural, spatial characteristics, user experience and adequate building details.
边界条件/参数/接口：
介于程序设计工程师与建筑师之间的物件导向设计中，建筑师能够使用的“物件”有三个条件：边界条件、参数以及接口。边界条件定义了物件是何物，它必须要有能调动变量的参数，而物件与物件间则以接口相互影响结合。藉由物件导向概念转化建筑设计中的逻辑，便能在专业间形成一套共通且精准的语言，并以此工具彼此协作、累积经验。建筑设计过程中所面对的条件繁复且层级牵涉广泛，尝试以物件导向设计将是一个庞杂耗大的工程，需要逐步谨慎的尝试且细腻的优化完善。
Condition/Variables/Interface:
'Object' as adesign tool for architecture designers can be simplified into three properties: condition, variables and interface. ‘Condition’ defines the boundary of an object, while ‘variables’ within is made adjustable and ‘interface’ allows objects to work with other objects. By transforming the OOD concept into the architecture design process, a precise communicative language can be formed andutilized cooperatively between professions thus experience can be accumulated effectively. The parametric condition within the process of architecture designis rather complicated and with extensive hierarchal implications. The attempt to implement OOD design in architecture will be a massive and challenging process that requires gradual and sophisticated optimization to achieve.
有效的载体：
建筑设计思考能有效的在强化轻钢系统基础下转化为物件导向，源自于此系统是一个精准有效且简化的“载体”。单一线条除了可对应完善的结构系统、生产及营建机制及建筑复杂的客体，更可以在简化后的线条间产生有效且明确的对应关系，使设计能在不同层级下同步运算生成。
Efficient Vehicle:
The reason OOD can be effectively implement into architecture design process is because the R.L.G.S. system is a precise and simplified vehicle. For a simple line in the system, it not only associates with certain structural properties, production mechanism and the complicated architectural design decisions, but also forms a physical relationship between abstract and reality, allowing design to be operated under different scales and phases of design, parallel and precisely.
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文章来源｜常民建筑
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