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实现高并发秒杀的七种方式 !
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1
引言本文环境:SpringBoot 2.5.7 + MySQL 8.0 X + MybatisPlus + Swagger2.9.2 模拟工具:Jmeter 模拟场景:减库存->创建订单->模拟支付
2
商品秒杀-超卖@ApiOperation(value="秒杀实现方式——Lock加锁")
@PostMapping("/start/lock")
public Result startLock(long skgId){
try {
log.info("开始秒杀方式一...");
final long userId = (int) (new Random().nextDouble() * (99999 - 10000 + 1)) + 10000;
Result result = secondKillService.startSecondKillByLock(skgId, userId);
if(result != null){
log.info("用户:{}--{}", userId, result.get("msg"));
}else{
log.info("用户:{}--{}", userId, "哎呦喂,人也太多了,请稍后!");
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
}
return Result.ok();
}
@Override
@Transactional(rollbackFor = Exception.class)
public Result startSecondKillByLock(long skgId, long userId) {
lock.lock();
try {
// 校验库存
SecondKill secondKill = secondKillMapper.selectById(skgId);
Integer number = secondKill.getNumber();
if (number > 0) {
// 扣库存
secondKill.setNumber(number - 1);
secondKillMapper.updateById(secondKill);
// 创建订单
SuccessKilled killed = new SuccessKilled();
killed.setSeckillId(skgId);
killed.setUserId(userId);
killed.setState((short) 0);
killed.setCreateTime(new Timestamp(System.currentTimeMillis()));
successKilledMapper.insert(killed);
// 模拟支付
Payment payment = new Payment();
payment.setSeckillId(skgId);
payment.setSeckillId(skgId);
payment.setUserId(userId);
payment.setMoney(40);
payment.setState((short) 1);
payment.setCreateTime(new Timestamp(System.currentTimeMillis()));
paymentMapper.insert(payment);
} else {
return Result.error(SecondKillStateEnum.END);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new ScorpiosException("异常了个乖乖");
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
return Result.ok(SecondKillStateEnum.SUCCESS);
}
Jmeter不了解的,可以参考这篇文章:https://blog.csdn.net/zxd1435513775/article/details/106372446
3
解决商品超卖可以在controller层进行加锁 可以使用Aop在业务方法执行之前进行加锁
@ApiOperation(value="秒杀实现方式——Lock加锁")
@PostMapping("/start/lock")
public Result startLock(long skgId){
// 在此处加锁
lock.lock();
try {
log.info("开始秒杀方式一...");
final long userId = (int) (new Random().nextDouble() * (99999 - 10000 + 1)) + 10000;
Result result = secondKillService.startSecondKillByLock(skgId, userId);
if(result != null){
log.info("用户:{}--{}", userId, result.get("msg"));
}else{
log.info("用户:{}--{}", userId, "哎呦喂,人也太多了,请稍后!");
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
// 在此处释放锁
lock.unlock();
}
return Result.ok();
}
并发数1000,商品100 并发数1000,商品1000 并发数2000,商品1000
@Target({ElementType.PARAMETER, ElementType.METHOD})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
public @interface ServiceLock {
String description() default "";
}
@Slf4j
@Component
@Scope
@Aspect
@Order(1) //order越小越是最先执行,但更重要的是最先执行的最后结束
public class LockAspect {
/**
* 思考:为什么不用synchronized
* service 默认是单例的,并发下lock只有一个实例
*/
private static Lock lock = new ReentrantLock(true); // 互斥锁 参数默认false,不公平锁
// Service层切点 用于记录错误日志
@Pointcut("@annotation(com.scorpios.secondkill.aop.ServiceLock)")
public void lockAspect() {
}
@Around("lockAspect()")
public Object around(ProceedingJoinPoint joinPoint) {
lock.lock();
Object obj = null;
try {
obj = joinPoint.proceed();
} catch (Throwable e) {
e.printStackTrace();
throw new RuntimeException();
} finally{
lock.unlock();
}
return obj;
}
}
@Override
@ServiceLock // 使用Aop进行加锁
@Transactional(rollbackFor = Exception.class)
public Result startSecondKillByAop(long skgId, long userId) {
try {
// 校验库存
SecondKill secondKill = secondKillMapper.selectById(skgId);
Integer number = secondKill.getNumber();
if (number > 0) {
//扣库存
secondKill.setNumber(number - 1);
secondKillMapper.updateById(secondKill);
//创建订单
SuccessKilled killed = new SuccessKilled();
killed.setSeckillId(skgId);
killed.setUserId(userId);
killed.setState((short) 0);
killed.setCreateTime(new Timestamp(System.currentTimeMillis()));
successKilledMapper.insert(killed);
//支付
Payment payment = new Payment();
payment.setSeckillId(skgId);
payment.setSeckillId(skgId);
payment.setUserId(userId);
payment.setMoney(40);
payment.setState((short) 1);
payment.setCreateTime(new Timestamp(System.currentTimeMillis()));
paymentMapper.insert(payment);
} else {
return Result.error(SecondKillStateEnum.END);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new ScorpiosException("异常了个乖乖");
}
return Result.ok(SecondKillStateEnum.SUCCESS);
}
@ApiOperation(value="秒杀实现方式二——Aop加锁")
@PostMapping("/start/aop")
public Result startAop(long skgId){
try {
log.info("开始秒杀方式二...");
final long userId = (int) (new Random().nextDouble() * (99999 - 10000 + 1)) + 10000;
Result result = secondKillService.startSecondKillByAop(skgId, userId);
if(result != null){
log.info("用户:{}--{}", userId, result.get("msg"));
}else{
log.info("用户:{}--{}", userId, "哎呦喂,人也太多了,请稍后!");
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return Result.ok();
}
@ApiOperation(value="秒杀实现方式三——悲观锁")
@PostMapping("/start/pes/lock/one")
public Result startPesLockOne(long skgId){
try {
log.info("开始秒杀方式三...");
final long userId = (int) (new Random().nextDouble() * (99999 - 10000 + 1)) + 10000;
Result result = secondKillService.startSecondKillByUpdate(skgId, userId);
if(result != null){
log.info("用户:{}--{}", userId, result.get("msg"));
}else{
log.info("用户:{}--{}", userId, "哎呦喂,人也太多了,请稍后!");
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return Result.ok();
}
@Override
@Transactional(rollbackFor = Exception.class)
public Result startSecondKillByUpdate(long skgId, long userId) {
try {
// 校验库存-悲观锁
SecondKill secondKill = secondKillMapper.querySecondKillForUpdate(skgId);
Integer number = secondKill.getNumber();
if (number > 0) {
//扣库存
secondKill.setNumber(number - 1);
secondKillMapper.updateById(secondKill);
//创建订单
SuccessKilled killed = new SuccessKilled();
killed.setSeckillId(skgId);
killed.setUserId(userId);
killed.setState((short) 0);
killed.setCreateTime(new Timestamp(System.currentTimeMillis()));
successKilledMapper.insert(killed);
//支付
Payment payment = new Payment();
payment.setSeckillId(skgId);
payment.setSeckillId(skgId);
payment.setUserId(userId);
payment.setMoney(40);
payment.setState((short) 1);
payment.setCreateTime(new Timestamp(System.currentTimeMillis()));
paymentMapper.insert(payment);
} else {
return Result.error(SecondKillStateEnum.END);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new ScorpiosException("异常了个乖乖");
} finally {
}
return Result.ok(SecondKillStateEnum.SUCCESS);
}
@Repository
public interface SecondKillMapper extends BaseMapper<SecondKill> {
/**
* 将此行数据进行加锁,当整个方法将事务提交后,才会解锁
* @param skgId
* @return
*/
@Select(value = "SELECT * FROM seckill WHERE seckill_id=#{skgId} FOR UPDATE")
SecondKill querySecondKillForUpdate(@Param("skgId") Long skgId);
}
/**
* UPDATE锁表
* @param skgId 商品id
* @param userId 用户id
* @return
*/
@Override
@Transactional(rollbackFor = Exception.class)
public Result startSecondKillByUpdateTwo(long skgId, long userId) {
try {
// 不校验,直接扣库存更新
int result = secondKillMapper.updateSecondKillById(skgId);
if (result > 0) {
//创建订单
SuccessKilled killed = new SuccessKilled();
killed.setSeckillId(skgId);
killed.setUserId(userId);
killed.setState((short) 0);
killed.setCreateTime(new Timestamp(System.currentTimeMillis()));
successKilledMapper.insert(killed);
//支付
Payment payment = new Payment();
payment.setSeckillId(skgId);
payment.setSeckillId(skgId);
payment.setUserId(userId);
payment.setMoney(40);
payment.setState((short) 1);
payment.setCreateTime(new Timestamp(System.currentTimeMillis()));
paymentMapper.insert(payment);
} else {
return Result.error(SecondKillStateEnum.END);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new ScorpiosException("异常了个乖乖");
} finally {
}
return Result.ok(SecondKillStateEnum.SUCCESS);
}
@Repository
public interface SecondKillMapper extends BaseMapper<SecondKill> {
/**
* 将此行数据进行加锁,当整个方法将事务提交后,才会解锁
* @param skgId
* @return
*/
@Select(value = "SELECT * FROM seckill WHERE seckill_id=#{skgId} FOR UPDATE")
SecondKill querySecondKillForUpdate(@Param("skgId") Long skgId);
@Update(value = "UPDATE seckill SET number=number-1 WHERE seckill_id=#{skgId} AND number > 0")
int updateSecondKillById(@Param("skgId") long skgId);
}
@ApiOperation(value="秒杀实现方式五——乐观锁")
@PostMapping("/start/opt/lock")
public Result startOptLock(long skgId){
try {
log.info("开始秒杀方式五...");
final long userId = (int) (new Random().nextDouble() * (99999 - 10000 + 1)) + 10000;
// 参数添加了购买数量
Result result = secondKillService.startSecondKillByPesLock(skgId, userId,1);
if(result != null){
log.info("用户:{}--{}", userId, result.get("msg"));
}else{
log.info("用户:{}--{}", userId, "哎呦喂,人也太多了,请稍后!");
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return Result.ok();
}
@Override
@Transactional(rollbackFor = Exception.class)
public Result startSecondKillByPesLock(long skgId, long userId, int number) {
// 乐观锁,不进行库存数量的校验,直接
try {
SecondKill kill = secondKillMapper.selectById(skgId);
// 剩余的数量应该要大于等于秒杀的数量
if(kill.getNumber() >= number) {
int result = secondKillMapper.updateSecondKillByVersion(number,skgId,kill.getVersion());
if (result > 0) {
//创建订单
SuccessKilled killed = new SuccessKilled();
killed.setSeckillId(skgId);
killed.setUserId(userId);
killed.setState((short) 0);
killed.setCreateTime(new Timestamp(System.currentTimeMillis()));
successKilledMapper.insert(killed);
//支付
Payment payment = new Payment();
payment.setSeckillId(skgId);
payment.setSeckillId(skgId);
payment.setUserId(userId);
payment.setMoney(40);
payment.setState((short) 1);
payment.setCreateTime(new Timestamp(System.currentTimeMillis()));
paymentMapper.insert(payment);
} else {
return Result.error(SecondKillStateEnum.END);
}
}
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new ScorpiosException("异常了个乖乖");
} finally {
}
return Result.ok(SecondKillStateEnum.SUCCESS);
}
@Repository
public interface SecondKillMapper extends BaseMapper<SecondKill> {
/**
* 将此行数据进行加锁,当整个方法将事务提交后,才会解锁
* @param skgId
* @return
*/
@Select(value = "SELECT * FROM seckill WHERE seckill_id=#{skgId} FOR UPDATE")
SecondKill querySecondKillForUpdate(@Param("skgId") Long skgId);
@Update(value = "UPDATE seckill SET number=number-1 WHERE seckill_id=#{skgId} AND number > 0")
int updateSecondKillById(@Param("skgId") long skgId);
@Update(value = "UPDATE seckill SET number=number-#{number},version=version+1 WHERE seckill_id=#{skgId} AND version = #{version}")
int updateSecondKillByVersion(@Param("number") int number, @Param("skgId") long skgId, @Param("version")int version);
}
// 秒杀队列(固定长度为100)
public class SecondKillQueue {
// 队列大小
static final int QUEUE_MAX_SIZE = 100;
// 用于多线程间下单的队列
static BlockingQueue<SuccessKilled> blockingQueue = new LinkedBlockingQueue<SuccessKilled>(QUEUE_MAX_SIZE);
// 使用静态内部类,实现单例模式
private SecondKillQueue(){};
private static class SingletonHolder{
// 静态初始化器,由JVM来保证线程安全
private static SecondKillQueue queue = new SecondKillQueue();
}
/**
* 单例队列
* @return
*/
public static SecondKillQueue getSkillQueue(){
return SingletonHolder.queue;
}
/**
* 生产入队
* @param kill
* @throws InterruptedException
* add(e) 队列未满时,返回true;队列满则抛出IllegalStateException(“Queue full”)异常——AbstractQueue
* put(e) 队列未满时,直接插入没有返回值;队列满时会阻塞等待,一直等到队列未满时再插入。
* offer(e) 队列未满时,返回true;队列满时返回false。非阻塞立即返回。
* offer(e, time, unit) 设定等待的时间,如果在指定时间内还不能往队列中插入数据则返回false,插入成功返回true。
*/
public Boolean produce(SuccessKilled kill) {
return blockingQueue.offer(kill);
}
/**
* 消费出队
* poll() 获取并移除队首元素,在指定的时间内去轮询队列看有没有首元素有则返回,否者超时后返回null
* take() 与带超时时间的poll类似不同在于take时候如果当前队列空了它会一直等待其他线程调用notEmpty.signal()才会被唤醒
*/
public SuccessKilled consume() throws InterruptedException {
return blockingQueue.take();
}
/**
* 获取队列大小
* @return
*/
public int size() {
return blockingQueue.size();
}
}
// 消费秒杀队列
@Slf4j
@Component
public class TaskRunner implements ApplicationRunner{
@Autowired
private SecondKillService seckillService;
@Override
public void run(ApplicationArguments var){
new Thread(() -> {
log.info("队列启动成功");
while(true){
try {
// 进程内队列
SuccessKilled kill = SecondKillQueue.getSkillQueue().consume();
if(kill != null){
Result result = seckillService.startSecondKillByAop(kill.getSeckillId(), kill.getUserId());
if(result != null && result.equals(Result.ok(SecondKillStateEnum.SUCCESS))){
log.info("TaskRunner,result:{}",result);
log.info("TaskRunner从消息队列取出用户,用户:{}{}",kill.getUserId(),"秒杀成功");
}
}
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}).start();
}
}
@ApiOperation(value="秒杀实现方式六——消息队列")
@PostMapping("/start/queue")
public Result startQueue(long skgId){
try {
log.info("开始秒杀方式六...");
final long userId = (int) (new Random().nextDouble() * (99999 - 10000 + 1)) + 10000;
SuccessKilled kill = new SuccessKilled();
kill.setSeckillId(skgId);
kill.setUserId(userId);
Boolean flag = SecondKillQueue.getSkillQueue().produce(kill);
// 虽然进入了队列,但是不一定能秒杀成功 进队出队有时间间隙
if(flag){
log.info("用户:{}{}",kill.getUserId(),"秒杀成功");
}else{
log.info("用户:{}{}",userId,"秒杀失败");
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return Result.ok();
}
注意:在业务层和AOP方法中,不能抛出任何异常, throw new RuntimeException()这些抛异常代码要注释掉。因为一旦程序抛出异常就会停止,导致消费秒杀队列进程终止!
消费秒杀队列中调用业务方法加锁与不加锁情况一样,也就是seckillService.startSecondKillByAop()、seckillService.startSecondKillByLock()方法结果一样,这也很好理解 当队列长度与商品数量一致时,会出现少卖的现象,可以调大数值 下面是队列长度1000,商品数量1000,并发数2000情况下出现的少卖
// 事件生成工厂(用来初始化预分配事件对象)
public class SecondKillEventFactory implements EventFactory<SecondKillEvent> {
@Override
public SecondKillEvent newInstance() {
return new SecondKillEvent();
}
}
// 事件对象(秒杀事件)
public class SecondKillEvent implements Serializable {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
private long seckillId;
private long userId;
// set/get方法略
}
// 使用translator方式生产者
public class SecondKillEventProducer {
private final static EventTranslatorVararg<SecondKillEvent> translator = (seckillEvent, seq, objs) -> {
seckillEvent.setSeckillId((Long) objs[0]);
seckillEvent.setUserId((Long) objs[1]);
};
private final RingBuffer<SecondKillEvent> ringBuffer;
public SecondKillEventProducer(RingBuffer<SecondKillEvent> ringBuffer){
this.ringBuffer = ringBuffer;
}
public void secondKill(long seckillId, long userId){
this.ringBuffer.publishEvent(translator, seckillId, userId);
}
}
// 消费者(秒杀处理器)
@Slf4j
public class SecondKillEventConsumer implements EventHandler<SecondKillEvent> {
private SecondKillService secondKillService = (SecondKillService) SpringUtil.getBean("secondKillService");
@Override
public void onEvent(SecondKillEvent seckillEvent, long seq, boolean bool) {
Result result = secondKillService.startSecondKillByAop(seckillEvent.getSeckillId(), seckillEvent.getUserId());
if(result.equals(Result.ok(SecondKillStateEnum.SUCCESS))){
log.info("用户:{}{}",seckillEvent.getUserId(),"秒杀成功");
}
}
}
public class DisruptorUtil {
static Disruptor<SecondKillEvent> disruptor;
static{
SecondKillEventFactory factory = new SecondKillEventFactory();
int ringBufferSize = 1024;
ThreadFactory threadFactory = runnable -> new Thread(runnable);
disruptor = new Disruptor<>(factory, ringBufferSize, threadFactory);
disruptor.handleEventsWith(new SecondKillEventConsumer());
disruptor.start();
}
public static void producer(SecondKillEvent kill){
RingBuffer<SecondKillEvent> ringBuffer = disruptor.getRingBuffer();
SecondKillEventProducer producer = new SecondKillEventProducer(ringBuffer);
producer.secondKill(kill.getSeckillId(),kill.getUserId());
}
}
@ApiOperation(value="秒杀实现方式七——Disruptor队列")
@PostMapping("/start/disruptor")
public Result startDisruptor(long skgId){
try {
log.info("开始秒杀方式七...");
final long userId = (int) (new Random().nextDouble() * (99999 - 10000 + 1)) + 10000;
SecondKillEvent kill = new SecondKillEvent();
kill.setSeckillId(skgId);
kill.setUserId(userId);
DisruptorUtil.producer(kill);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return Result.ok();
}
4
小结一、二方式是在代码中利用锁和事务的方式解决了并发问题,主要解决的是锁要加载事务之前 三、四、五方式主要是数据库的锁来解决并发问题,方式三是利用for upate对表加行锁,方式四是利用update来对表加锁,方式五是通过增加version字段来控制数据库的更新操作,方式五的效果最差 六、七方式是通过队列来解决并发问题,这里需要特别注意的是,在代码中不能通过throw抛异常,否则消费线程会终止,而且由于进队和出队存在时间间隙,会导致商品少卖 上面所有的情况都经过代码测试,测试分一下三种情况: 并发数1000,商品数100 并发数1000,商品数1000 并发数2000,商品数1000
【福利】2023 高薪课程,全面来袭(视频+笔记+源码)
【福利】2023 高薪课程,全面来袭(视频+笔记+源码)
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