BRI Countries 一带一路非洲国家系列 27 | Libya 利比亚

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Libya is a country in North Africa. It is named after an ancient Berber tribe known as the Libyans. The country borders Egypt to the east, Sudan to the southeast, Chad to the south, Niger to the southwest, Algeria to the west, Tunisia to the northwest, and the Mediterranean Sea to the north. The capital city of Libya is Tripoli.

利比亚是北非的一个国家。它是以一个叫做利比亚人的古老柏柏尔部落命名的。该国东与埃及交界，东南接苏丹，南与乍得交界，西南接尼日尔，西与阿尔及利亚接壤，西北接突尼斯，北滨地中海。利比亚的首都是的黎波里。

Languages 语言

The official language of Libya is Arabic. Italian and English are also widely used.

利比亚的官方语言是阿拉伯语。意大利语和英语也有很多人使用。

Currency 货币

The currency used in Libya is the Libyan dinar.

利比亚的法定货币叫利比亚第纳尔。

National Anthem 国歌

The national anthem of Libya is Libya, Libya, Libya.

利比亚的国歌是《利比亚，利比亚，利比亚》。

Population 人口

As of 2019 estimates, the population of Libya is 6.78million.

2019年，利比亚人口估计数为六百七十八万。

A beach in Tripoli 的黎波里的沙滩

Largest Cities (by population) 最大的城市（按人口）

Tripoli, Benghazi, Misratah, Tarhuna, Al Baya, Al Khums

的黎波里、班加西、米苏拉塔、塔鲁纳、巴亚、库姆斯

National Flag 国旗

The national flag of Libya consists of three horizontal stripes, red, black, and green from top to bottom, with a white crescent and a star centered on the black stripe.

利比亚国旗由红、黑、绿三条横条纹自上而下组成，以白色新月和星星为中心的黑色条纹。

Natural Resources 自然资源

Libya's economy depends largely on oil and natural gas. Other mineral resources are limited, natron, potash, iron ore, gypsum, manganese, lignite coal, Sulphur, chalk, limestone, and marble are some of the minerals found in Libya.

利比亚经济在很大程度上依赖于石油和天然气。其他矿产资源有限，纳豆、钾盐、铁矿石、石膏、锰、褐煤、硫、白垩、石灰石和大理石是利比亚发现的一些矿产。

Tripoli 的黎波里

Tripoli is the capital, principal harbor and biggest commercial and manufacturing center of Libya. There are multiple spots of archaeological significance in this city. The Red Castle dominates the city's skyline. There are classical statues and fountains from the Ottoman period in the castle.

的黎波里是利比亚的首都、主要港口和最大的商业和制造中心。这个城市有许多具有考古意义的地方。红色城堡主宰着城市的天际线。城堡里有奥斯曼时期的古典雕像和喷泉。

The Red Castle 红色城堡

The Gurgi and Karamanli mosques are examples of the artistic skills of the local craftsmen. The Arch of Marcus Aurelius is the only surviving Roman monument in the city.

古尔基清真寺和卡拉曼里清真寺是当地工匠艺术的典范。马库斯·奥雷利乌斯的拱门是该城现存唯一的罗马纪念碑。

Jamahiriya Museum

亚马西利亚博物馆

There is a Jamahiriya Museum, the national museum of Libya is located in the Red Castle. It has many artifacts from the Roman and Greek periods, including treasures from the World Heritage sites at Leptis Magna and Sabratha.

红色城堡内的亚马西利亚博物馆是利比亚的国家博物馆。馆内收藏了许多罗马和希腊时期的文物，包括来自Leptis Magna和Sabratha世界遗产遗址的珍宝。

Entrance to Martyrs' Square 烈士广场入口

People's Palace and Martyrs' Square are also located in this city.

人民宫殿和烈士广场也位于这座城市。

Attractions in Libya 主要景点

Theatre 剧院

In the old port of Sabratha, a Unesco World Heritage Site, there's a 3 storey theatre from the late 3rd century, a few sanctuaries. In the old site, there's a Christian basilica from the Justinian time.

在古萨布拉塔港有一个三世纪晚期的3层剧院，是个世界级遗产，这里有一些避难所。在旧址上有一座查士丁尼时期的基督教大教堂。

Cyrene 古利奈

Cyrene was turned into a Greek settlement in 630 BC, this archaeological site has some remarkable structures like sanctuaries for Apollo, Demeter, and Zeus.

古利奈在公元前630年成了一个希腊定居点，这个古遗址有一些非凡的建筑，如阿波罗、德米特和宙斯的避难所等。

Leptis Magna was once the largest city of old Rome in Libya. Here there's a theater, Hadrianic Baths, and gallery.

Leptis Magna曾是利比亚最大的古罗马城市。城里有剧院、哈德良浴场和画廊。

The Sahara Desert 撒哈拉沙漠

This is the largest hot desert in the world and is the third-largest desert in the world overall following only after the cold deserts of Antarctica and the Arctic. It covers the following countries: Algeria, Chad, Egypt, Libya, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Niger, Sudan and Tunisia. Its area is comparable to that of China or the United States. In Libya, the part is called Libyan desert and is one of the most unspoiled parts of the Sahara Desert.

撒哈拉沙漠是世界面积最大的“热”沙漠，也是世界上仅次于南极和北极的“冷”沙漠之后的第三大沙漠，涵盖了阿尔及利亚，乍得，埃及，利比亚，马里，毛里塔尼亚，摩洛哥，尼日尔，苏丹和突尼斯。它的总面积跟中国或者美国差不多大。在利比亚的部分叫做利比亚沙漠，是撒哈拉沙漠中保持原始状态最完整的部分。

A Beach in Zuwarah 在祖瓦拉的沙滩

Zuwarah 祖瓦拉

This is a town just 40 miles from the Tunisian border, it has some of Libya's most attractive beaches.

祖瓦拉距离突尼斯边境40英里，拥有利比亚最迷人的海滩。

Farwa Island 法瓦岛

The island is famous for its pristine white sands, it also features sand dunes and palm trees.

这个岛以其原始的白色沙滩而闻名，还有颇具特色的沙丘和棕榈树。

Acacus Mountains 阿卡库斯山

The mountains rise out of the flat Sahara Desert, millennia of desert winds and flash floods have carved beautiful shapes with innumerable natural arches spanning the foot of the mountains. Pictographs on the mountains, under overhanging rocks, in mountain caves, and in canyons are also one of the top attractions in these mountains. They depict animals, hunting scenes, and social gatherings.

这些山脉从平坦的撒哈拉沙漠中拔地而起，数千年的沙漠风和洪水，刻画了其弯曲优美的形状，无数的自然拱门横跨山脚。山上、悬岩下、山洞里和峡谷里的象形文字也是这些山脉最吸引人的地方之一。象形文字描绘了动物，社交聚会和狩猎场景。

People and Culture

 人与文化

Muammar Gaddafi, born in an impoverished Bedouin family and later become the head of revolutionary government which transformed Libya into a wealthy state. He advocated much of the reforms to help women get the same treatment as men in his country. He was one of the advocates and sponsor of the African Union (AU) and One Africa coined as "The United States of Africa", he was assassinated on October 20, 2011, by the rebels which were helped by the United States and Allied forces.

卡扎菲出生于一个贫穷家庭，后来成了利比亚革命政府的领导人；把利比亚建设成了一个富裕的国家。他推动了一系列的改革，倡导了男女平等，倡导建立了非盟，倡导成立统一的“非洲联合国”。2011年10月20日，在美国和盟军的帮助下，他被叛军暗杀。

Ghadames International Festival

加达米斯国际节

Cultural Festivals 文化节日

Libya hosts a number of cultural festivals complete with feasts, music and dancing.

利比亚每年举办许多的文化节，包括宴会、音乐和舞蹈。

Ghadames International Festival is a three-day celebration of the traditions of the nomadic Tuareg people. There're horse and camel racing, feasting, singing and dancing.  It held on varying dates in October.

加达米斯国际节是游牧民族图阿雷格人的一个为期三天的传统庆祝活动，有赛马、赛骆驼、宴会、歌舞等，在每年10月份的不同日期举行。

Ghat Festival of Culture and Tourism is set in a Tuareg oasis with music, dancing, Tuareg camel racing and traditional crafts on display. It also lasts for three days and is held alternately in November and December.

Ghat文化旅游节在图阿雷格绿洲举行，有音乐、舞蹈、图阿雷格人的骆驼比赛和传统工艺品展出等。它也会持续三天，在11月和12月交替举行。

Other festivals include the Nalut Spring Festival and Zuwarah Awessu Festival.

其他节日包括纳鲁特春节和祖瓦拉-阿威苏节。

Current situation 现状

 Libya in 2010 compared to 2016

2010年利比亚与2016年相比

According to travelsafe.com, Libya is currently under serious political and social turmoil and instability caused by the ongoing civil war following Gadaffi's overthrow. 

据travelsafe.com报道，利比亚目前正处于卡扎菲政权后持续内战造成的严重的政治和社会动荡和不稳定之中。

Visitors are advised not to visit this country under the current situation until peace prevails.

在当前情况下，游客们最好不要选择去这个国家旅游，直到和平来临。

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