BRI Asian Countries 一带一路亚洲国家 12 | Mongolia 蒙古
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Mongolia is a landlocked country in East Asia. It is sandwiched between China to the south and Russia to the north. The capital city of Mongolia is Ulaanbaatar which is also known as Ulan Bator. The capital city's name means the "Red Hero."
蒙古是东亚的内陆国家。它夹在中国北部和俄罗斯南部之间。蒙古的首都是乌兰巴托，意思是“红色英雄”。
National Flag 国旗
Mongolia's flag has 3 vertical colored stripes:on the left is red, center one is blue, and a red one at the right. The left-most stripe is the Buddhist Soyombo symbol, which is the national symbol of Mongolia. The symbol and colors represents Mongolia's Buddhist heritage. Blue also symbolizes the blue sky.
蒙古国旗上有3条垂直条纹：左边是红色，中间是蓝色，右边是红色。左边的条纹是佛教的索永布图案，它是蒙古的国家象征。图案和颜色代表着蒙古的佛教传统。蓝色也代表蓝天空。
National Anthem 国歌
Capital City 首都
Ulaanbataar 乌兰巴托
Ulaanbaatar is located on the bank of the Tuul River and is surrounded by four sacred mountains with dense pine forests on the northern slopes and grassy steppes on the south. Mostly described, as sunny, peaceful and open, Ulaanbaatar is a city of contrast where modern life comfortably blends with Mongolian traditional lifestyle.
乌兰巴托位于图尔河畔，四周是四座圣山，北坡有茂密的松林，南面有草丛。乌兰巴托是一座阳光明媚、宁静开放的城市，现代生活与蒙古族传统生活方式融为一体。
Major Cities in Mongolia 蒙古主要城市
Erdenet 额尔登特
Erdenet is officially known as Bayan-Öndör sum. It is the capital of the Province of Orkhon and was founded in 1974.
埃尔登特被正式称为巴彦-恩德苏姆。它是鄂尔浑省的省会，成立于1974年。
Darkhan 达尔汗
Darkhan is the capital of the Province of Darkhan-Uul and it is the province's industrial hub.
达尔汗是达尔汗乌尔省的省会，也是该省的工业中心。
Khvod 科布多
This city is the capital of the Khovd Province. The city was founded in the 17th century by Galdan Khan of Dzungaria on the Khovd River banks. It is most famous for the harvest of watermelon and tomato in the summer and also the availability of high-quality products.
这个城市是科布多省的首府。是17世纪由宗加里亚的加尔丹·汗在科布多河岸上建立的。它最著名的是在夏天收获西瓜和西红柿，并且有高质量的产品。
Points of interest in Mongolia 蒙古的兴趣点
Gandan Monastery 甘丹寺
Gandan is the largest and most significant monastery in Mongolia and one of Ulaanbaatar 's most interesting sights.
甘丹是蒙古最大最重要的寺院，也是乌兰巴托最有趣的景点之一。
National Museum of Mongolia 蒙古国国家博物馆
This museum offers the richest collection on the history of Mongolia, from the Stone Age to modern times. The exhibition contains many artifacts and arts, military equipment and arms of Genghis Khan Warriors. Outside the museum, the large modern sculpture is a memorial for the victims of the 1930s political repression. Collections include Traditional Mongolian customs & jewels.
这个博物馆有着从石器时代到现代的蒙古历史上最丰富的收藏。展览中展出了成吉思汗战士的许多文物和艺术、军事装备和武器。博物馆外面有座大型现代雕塑为1930年代政治镇压的受害者而建的纪念碑。藏品包括蒙古族传统习俗和珠宝。
Choijin Monastery 彩金寺
The Choijin Temple is a classic example of traditional Buddhist architecture. The museum is famous for its collection of Buddhist artworks, original silk icons and tsam dancing masks.
彩金寺是传统佛教建筑的典范。该博物馆以收藏佛教艺术品、原始丝绸图符和沙姆舞面具而闻名。
Zaisan Hill
The landmark in front of the city offers the best views of Ulaanbaatar and the surrounding nature. The large monuments on the top of the hill were erected for the memory of soldiers who died in the World War II.
城市前面的地标提供了乌兰巴托和周围自然的最佳景观。山顶上的巨大纪念碑是为纪念二战中阵亡的士兵而建的。
Sukhbaatar Square 苏赫巴塔尔广场
This is the main square at the heart of Ulaanbaatar. A large statue of Sukhbaatar characterizes the square, and the square is named after this historic figure. Important buildings such as the Parliament House, Stock Exchange, the Drama Theater and Cultural Palace are located around the square.
这是乌兰巴托市中心的主要广场。苏赫巴托的一尊大型雕像是广场的特色，广场就是以这个历史人物命名的。广场周边有国会大厦、证券交易所、戏剧剧院、文化宫等重要建筑。
International Intellectual Museum 国际知识博物馆
This museum contains an intriguing collection of puzzles and games made by local and international artists. One of the puzzles requires 56,831 movements to complete. There are dozens of handmade chess sets and ingenious traditional Mongolian puzzles that are distant cousins to Rubik's Cube. An enthusiastic guide will show you how the puzzles operate and will even perform magic tricks. A fascinating place for both kids and adults.
这个博物馆收藏了当地和国际艺术家制作有趣的游戏。其中一个谜题需要56831个动作才能完成。有几十套跟魔方相差不大的手工制作的象棋和巧妙的传统蒙古语游戏。一位热情的导游将向您展示游戏是如何操作的，甚至还会表演魔术。对孩子和成年人来说都是一个迷人的地方。
Erdene Zuu 额尔登祖
The name Erdene Zuu translates to “100 Treasures,” a name that refers to the many temples and stupas that originally surrounding this monastery.
额尔登祖（Erdene Zuu）这个名字被翻译成“100件宝物”，这个名字指的是最初围绕着这个修道院的许多寺庙和佛塔。
Gobi Gurvansaikhan National Park 戈壁古尔万赛罕国家公园
Gobi Gurvansaikhan National Park is a famous park in Mongolia that is named for three of the four ridges found within. Its iconic sand dunes, known as Khongoryn Els, are huge and picturesque, and they are a definite must-see on any trip to the park. Most visitors only manage to see a mere fragment of the giant park, but those who have some time to spend will be able to delve deeper into the beautiful and remote caves, mountains, and sand dunes.
戈壁古尔万赛罕国家公园是蒙古国著名的公园，因其内发现的四座山脊中的三座而得名。它的标志性沙丘，被称为孔戈林沙丘，巨大而风景如画，它们是任何去公园旅行的必看之地。大多数游客只能看到这个巨大公园的一部分，但那些有时间的游客将能够深入到美丽而偏远的洞穴、山脉和沙丘。
Gorkhi-Terelj National Park 戈尔基特里尔国家公园
Here you can hike or ride horses to some truly picturesque spots like Turtle Rock, cross a precarious suspension bridge to find an elusive temple, pose for a photo with a real eagle, and stay overnight in an authentic Mongolian ger, complete with traditional music and food.
在这里，你可以徒步或骑马到一些真正风景如画的地方，如龟岩，穿过一个不稳定的吊桥，找到一个难以捉摸的寺庙，与一只真正的鹰合影，并停留在一个真正的蒙古包过夜，与传统音乐和食物。
Gun Galuut Natural Reserve （Gun Galuut自然保护区）
This natural paradise is home to many rare species of animals and birds, some of which are nationally and globally endangered, including the grey wolf, marmot, Hooded Crane, wild mountain sheep, and the Eurasian Penduline, among many others. Gun Galuut offers a great opportunity for hiking, bird watching, cycling, or horseback riding through the beautiful natural scenery.
这个自然天堂是许多珍稀动物和鸟类的家园，其中一些是国家和全球濒危物种，包括灰狼、旱獭、白鹤、野生山羊和欧亚盘龙等。Gun Galuut为徒步旅行、观鸟、骑自行车或骑马穿越美丽的自然风光提供了绝佳的机会。
Gurvan Tsenkher Cave 古尔文岑克尔洞
Lovers of art, history, and nature will be awed by the Gurvan Tsenkher Cave in the Khovd Province of Mongolia. On this site, rock paintings on the cave walls date back 15,000 to 20,000 years ago, from the Paleolithic period of history.
蒙古科布多省的古尔文·赞克尔洞穴将让艺术、历史和自然爱好者们惊叹不已。在这里，岩壁上的岩画可以追溯到15000年到20000年前，从旧石器时代开始。
The cave art depicts symbols of nature, including trees and animals such as oxen, elephants, stags, and ostriches. The paintings in the cave are similar to other Paleolithic drawings found worldwide but are unique in that they are the only ones of their kind that have been discovered in Mongolia.
洞穴艺术描绘了自然的象征，包括树木和动物，如牛、大象、牡鹿和鸵鸟。洞穴中的绘画与世界各地发现的其他旧石器时代的绘画相似，但独特之处在于它们是蒙古发现的唯一同类绘画。
Khamriin Khiid 卡姆林·基德
Khamriin Khiid, located in the Gobi Desert, is a monastery complex that was built in the 19th century, and according to Mongolian Buddhists, it is located in the very center of all the spiritual energy in the world.
Khamriin Khiid位于戈壁沙漠，是一座建于19世纪的寺院建筑群，根据蒙古佛教徒的说法，它位于世界所有精神能量的中心。
Khogno Khan Natural Reserve 霍格诺汗自然保护区
This natural reserve is named after the mountain Khogno Khan, a sacred mountain of granite, that lies within the bounds of this 181 square mile park. The sight of the rocky mountain protruding from the desert grasslands at its base is a breathtaking one, and hikers will enjoy a number of short hikes in the reserve, including ones over rocks and boulders and up to the summit of the mountain. There are also several old Buddhist temples in the reserve that are accessible for exploration, including several old ruins and also some active temples as well.
这个自然保护区以霍格诺汗山命名，这是一座花岗岩的圣山，位于这个181平方英里的公园边界内。岩石山从其底部的沙漠草原上突出来的景象令人叹为观止，徒步旅行者将在保护区内享受许多短途徒步旅行，包括越过岩石和巨石的徒步旅行，并登上山顶。保护区内还有几座古老的佛教寺庙可供探索，其中包括几处古老的遗迹以及一些活跃的寺庙。
Khuvsgul Lake 库夫斯古尔湖
Near the Mongolian border with Russia at the base of the Sayan Mountains is Khuvsgul Lake, a 136-kilometer-long lake that contains approximately 70% of the freshwater in Mongolia. It is the second-largest lake in Asia by volume, and it is the titular feature of Khuvsgul Lake National Park, which also includes the surrounding mountains and forests. The area is packed with wildlife, including bear, ibex, wolverines, and moose, and the lake itself is full of sturgeon, Siberian grayling, and lenok, among other species.
位于俄罗斯的蒙古边境与萨扬山脉的基座是Kuvsgl湖，这是一个136公里长的湖泊，约占蒙古淡水的70%。它是亚洲第二大湖泊，也是库夫斯古尔湖国家公园的标志性建筑，包括周围的山脉和森林。这个地区有很多野生动物，包括熊、野山羊、狼獾和驼鹿，而湖本身也充满了鲟鱼、西伯利亚灰岭和莱诺等物种。
Ongi River And Temple 翁溪寺
The Ongi Monastery refers to two monasteries on opposite banks of the Ongi River, which stretches for over four hundred kilometers throughout the country. The monasteries are home to many ruined temples, one of which was once one of the largest in Mongolia. Originally built in the 17th century.
翁吉寺是指位于翁吉河对岸的两座寺院，绵延全国四百多公里。这些寺庙是许多被毁坏的寺庙的所在地，其中一座曾经是蒙古最大的寺庙之一。最初建于17世纪。
The Mother Tree 母树
A shrine to worshipers of the Shaman religion, The Mother Tree, or Eej Mod, is located in northern Mongolia. Once an actual tree that was struck by lightning until a fire in 2015 burned it nearly to the ground, the shrine now consists of a ceremonial stump where the tree once stood, a “ger” (yurt), and all the offerings left by Shamans. Offerings like milk, vodka, bricks of tea, and a sea of blue ceremonial scarves turn this eerily beautiful place into something like an art installation, and the worshippers who make the pilgrimage to the Mother Tree continue to add to it as tribute for their prayers.
位于蒙古北部的一个萨满神龛，供奉萨满信仰者，即母树，或Eej Mod。曾经是一棵被闪电击中的树，直到2015年的一场大火几乎把它烧成了平地，现在神龛由一个仪式用的树桩、一个“蒙古包”（蒙古包）和萨满留下的所有祭品组成。牛奶、伏特加、砖头茶和一大堆蓝色的礼巾把这座奇异美丽的地方变成了一个艺术装置，朝圣母树的朝圣者们继续把它作为他们祈祷的贡品。
The Orkhon Waterfall 鄂尔浑瀑布
The Orkhon Valley is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, known for the archaeological remains found on this huge pasture land, some of which date all the way back to the 6th century, as well as for being the site of Genghis Khan’s 13th-century capital. The 27-meter tall Orkhon Waterfall, also known as Ulaan Tsutgalan, was formed by volcanoes and earthquakes about 20,000 years ago. It is part of the Orkhon River, which is the longest river in Mongolia. At the Orkhon Waterfall, which is most beautiful during late summer, visitors will find some amazing sights as well as some beautiful hiking through woods, gorges, and boulder-filled paths.
鄂尔浑河谷是联合国教科文组织（UNESCO）的世界遗产，因在这块巨大的牧场上发现的考古遗迹而闻名，其中一些遗迹可以追溯到6世纪，同时也是成吉思汗13世纪的首都所在地。这座27米高的鄂尔浑瀑布，也被称为Ulaan Tsutgalan，是大约2万年前火山和地震形成的。它是鄂尔浑河的一部分，鄂尔浑河是蒙古国最长的河流。在鄂尔浑瀑布，这是最美丽的夏末，游客会发现一些惊人的景观，以及一些美丽的徒步穿越森林，峡谷和充满巨石的路径。
Festivals 节日
Tsagaan Sar (Mongolian Lunar New Year) 查干萨尔（蒙古农历新年）
Mongolian New Year (Tsagaan Sar) is normally celebrated somewhere between the end of January and the end of February. The traditional Tsagaan Sar feast includes dairy products, mutton and horse meat, rice with curds, buuz (dumplings) and a ‘mountain’ of cookies stacked high and, of course, airag (fermented mare’s milk). Families visit each other to pay their respects and eat dumplings.
蒙古新年通常在1月底到2月底之间。传统的查干萨尔盛宴包括乳制品、羊肉和马肉、米饭和凝乳、布兹（饺子）和堆积如山的饼干，当然还有airag（发酵马奶）。家家户户互相拜谒，吃饺子。
Khovsgol Ice Festival 霍夫斯戈冰雪节
March is witness to the unique Ice Festival at Lake Khovsgol. This time of year offers the rare opportunity of experiencing one of the deepest winters on the planet with temperatures regularly dropping below -35°C. The enchanting ice festival with horse-sled races, ice rally-driving, wrestling, and tug-o'-war are all held on the frozen lake.
三月是霍夫斯戈尔湖独特的冰雪节的时候。每年这个时候可以体验地球上最冷的冬季之一，气温定期下降到-35°C以下。在冰冻的湖面上举行了有马拉雪橇比赛、冰上拉力赛、摔跤和拔河比赛的迷人冰雪节。
Gobi Camel Festival 戈壁骆驼节
The Thousand Camel Festival, held in the Gobi Desert, is a celebration of the endangered Bactrian camel and the role it plays in the lives of the Gobi’s nomads. Camel racing and polo competitions, as well as performances of traditional Mongolian music and dance, are among the highlights of this annual event. Taking in the beautiful scenery of the Gobi Desert with its towering dunes, glacial canyons and red sandstone cliffs.
在戈壁沙漠举行的千骆驼节是对濒临灭绝的双峰驼及其在戈壁游牧民族生活中所起作用的庆祝。骆驼比赛和马球比赛，以及蒙古族传统音乐和舞蹈的表演，都是本年度活动的亮点。高耸的沙丘、冰川峡谷和红色的砂岩峭壁构成了戈壁沙漠的美丽景色。
Nauryz (Spring/New Life) Festival 瑙利兹节
Nauryz is a new year celebration for the Mongolian Kazakhs, many of whom live in the Bayan Ulgii province. Kazakhs call the month of March 'Nauryz' – this is the time of renewed life that comes with the spring. The Nauryz celebrations take place on 21-22 March, the day of the spring equinox.
瑙利兹是蒙古族哈萨克人的新年庆祝活动，他们的许多人居住在巴彦乌尔盖省。哈萨克人称三月为“瑙利兹月”——这是伴随着春天而来的新生之时。瑙利兹庆祝活动于3月21日至22日，即春分日举行。
Naadam Festival 纳丹节
Naadam is celebrated every summer throughout Mongolia across every province, in most towns and villages. In traditional dress, the colorful spectators watch competitors take part in the three sports of archery, wrestling and horse racing.
每年夏天，在蒙古的每个省，在大多数城镇和村庄都会庆祝纳丹节。穿着传统服装，五颜六色的观众观看选手们参加射箭、摔跤和赛马三项运动。
Eagle Festivals 鹰节
There are two Golden Eagle Festivals held each year, in September and October respectively when the weather is beginning to get cold and the eagles are livening up ready for a winter of hunting. The ancient art of falconry as practiced by the Kazakhs in the west has remained unchanged for millennia.
每年有两个金鹰节，分别在9月和10月，当天气开始变冷，鹰也活跃起来准备迎接冬季的狩猎。几千年来，西部的哈萨克人所使用的古代猎鹰艺术一直没有改变。
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