名师梳理|仁爱版英语7-9年级上册知识点梳理,新学期教学必备！（建议收藏打印）
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七年级上册
Unit 1 Making New Friends
【重点短语】
1. good morning/ afternoon / evening 早上/下午/晚上好
2. glad / nice to meet / see you 见到你很高兴
3. welcome to + 地点 欢迎来到……
4. let’s + v 让我们做……
5. stand up 起立
6. sit down 坐下
7. this is... 这是……
8. thanks = thank you 谢谢
9. see you = see you later = goodbye 再见
10. ID number 身份证号码
11. be from=come from 来自
12. in English 用英语
【重要句型】
1. ---What’s your name? ---My name is Sally.
2. ---Where are you from? ---I’m from China.
---Where do you come from? ---I come from China.
3. ---Where is he/ she from? ---He/She is from Japan.
4. ---What’s this/ that in English? --- It’s a/ an…
5. ---What’re these/ those in English? ---They’re…
6. ---How do you spell it? ---E-R-A-S-E-R, eraser.
7. ---Can you spell it? ---Yes, M-A-P, map.
8. —How old are you/ is he/ are they?
—I’m/ He is/ They are eleven.
9. —What’s your telephone number?
—It’s 4567967.
10. —What class/ grade are you in?
—I’m in Class Ten, Grade Seven.（注意大小写）
11. Good morning/ afternoon/ evening.
12. —Hello!/Hi! —Hello!/Hi!
13. —Nice/Glad to see/meet you. —Nice/Glad to see/meet you, too.
14. —Welcome to China/my home. —Thanks.
15. —How do you do? —How do you do?
16. —How are you? —Fine, thank you. And you? —I’m OK.
17. —See you then/ later. —See you.
18. —Goodbye. —Bye.
19. —Thank you. —You’re welcome./That’s OK./Not at all.
【重点语法】
1. 元音字母： Aa Ee Ii Oo Uu
包含有以下元音的字母：
[e] Aa Hh Jj Kk
[i:] Ee Bb Cc Dd Gg Pp Tt Vv
[aɪ] Ii Yy
[ju:] Uu Qq Ww
[e] Ff Ll Mm Nn Ss Xx Zz
2. 大小写
句首字母，人名，地名，称呼语，专有名词，星期的首字母要大写，引人注意。
• Look！Is that Jane?
• He comes from Hubei, China.
• Mr. Wang, this is my mom.
• —What class are you in?
—I’m in Class Ten, Grade Seven.
• On Sunday, we go to the West Hill for a picnic.
3. Be动词的用法
• 我用am，你用are，is用于他、她、它，单数用is，复数就用are。
• 含be动词的陈述句变否定句在be后加not，变一般疑问句将be提前。
• 一般疑问句的肯定回答：Yes, 人称代词+ be；否定回答：No, 人称代词+be + not。
如：---They are teachers. ---They are not teachers.
---Are they teachers? ---Yes, they are./ No, they aren’t.
4. 不定冠词、定冠词和and的用法
(1)不定冠词a, an的用法
a /an 都表示“一，一个”，a 用在以辅音音素开头的单词前,如：a book; a desk; an 用在以元音音素开头的单词前，如：an apple / an orange/ an English book;/ an English boy/ an old man;/an actor/ an English teacher/ an office worker.
(2)the是定冠词，表特指，单复数前面都可用
• We are in the same class.
• The girl in a pink skirt is Jane.
• Where is the book?
• This isn’t my bike. The blue one is mine.
(3) and的用法
• 数字相加看做单数： Two and three is five.
• 颜色相加也是单数: Black and white is gray.
• 人和事物相加是复数：Lucy and Lily are sisters. The pen and the eraser are Jane’s.
5. 可数名词单数变复数
（1）规则变化
① 一般在名词词尾加-s，如：car---cars; photo---photos; toy---toys; boy---boys
② 以s, x, ch, sh结尾的词，在词尾加--es，如：box---boxes; bus--buses
③ 以辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i再加es，如：baby--babies; family--families
4）以fe结尾，变fe为v再加es，如：knife--- knives
（2）不规则变化
如：foot---feet; man---men; woman---women; snowman---snowmen;
（3）集体名词：people, clothes, police, family
（4）成双出现的名词：shoes, pants(trousers), gloves, eyes, ears
九. 一词多义：An orange（桔子）is orange（橙色的）.
Unit 2 Looking Different
【重点短语】
1. give sb. sth. = give sth. to sb.把某物给某人
Please give it to her.
2. look the same 长相相同
look different 长相不同，看起来不一样
3. look like 看起来像
He looks like his father. = He and his father look the same.
4. next to 在……旁边
The boy next to me is my good friend.
5. in +颜色 穿着……颜色的衣服
in +a/an +颜色+衣服 穿着……颜色的……
The boy in a yellow T-shirt and gray pants is my good friend.6. (1) both两者都（be动词之后，实义动词之前）
They both have brown hair and black eyes.
They are both office workers.
(2)all 三者或三者以上都
They are all kind to me.
7. 数字+(形状、大小)+颜色+n.
two big red apples
She has short blond hair.
【重点句型】
1. Who is your favorite actor?
2. We are in the same school, but we are in different grades.
3. What do/does +主语+look like? ……长得怎么样？
---What does he look like?
--- He is not very tall but very strong.
4. We don’t look the same, but we are good friends.
We look the same, but we are in different clothes.
5. ---What color is/are +主语？---It’s/ They’re +颜色.
---What color is her hair? ---It’s blond.
6. This is my cap. = This cap is mine.
Is this your cap? = Is this cap yours?
---Whose cap is this? = Whose is this cap? --- It’s Sally’s.
---Whose are these bananas? --- They’re their bananas/ theirs.
7. His pants are blue and mine are white.(mine=my pants)
My T-shirt is green and his is brown.(his=his T-shirt)
8. I have small eyes, but he has big ones.（ones指代eyes）
My jacket is blue and white. That one is blue. （one指代jacket）
【重点语法】
1. 动词原形和动词第三人称单数形式
（1）主语是第三人称单数形式（he、she、it；单一的人；单一的名字；单一的事物），动词要用单三形式。实义动词变第三人称单数的规则：
① 一般情况直接加“s”，如：come---comes，meet---meets
② 动词以o，s，sh，ch, x结尾，加“es”，如：do--does; go--goes; teach--teaches
③ 以辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i，再加es, 如：study--studies, fly--flies, try--tries
④ 特殊情况：have--has
（2）句型转换
① 当主语为第三人称单数：变否定句时，在动词前加doesn’t, 动词现原形；变一般疑问句时，在句首加does，动词现原形。
一般疑问句的肯定回答：Yes, 人称代词+does；否定回答：No, 人称代词+doesn’t.
如：She has small eyes.
---She doesn’t have small eyes.
---Does she have small eyes?
---Yes, she does. /No, she doesn’t.
② 当主语为第一、第二人称变否定句，在动词前加don’t，变一般疑问句，在句首加do，肯定回答：Yes, 人称代词+do；否定回答：No，人称代词+don’t.
They have small eyes.
---They don’t have small eyes.
--- Do they have small eyes?
---Yes, they do. / No, they don’t.
2. 表示所属关系
（1）名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词
形容词性物主代词 my your his her our their its
名词性物主代词 mine yours his hers ours theirs its
• --Whose is this pen? Is it yours?
• --No, it’s not mine. My pen is blue.
（2）名词所有格
① 用于人或其他表示有生命的名词后：
• 单数或不以s结尾的复数+’s，如：Jane’s book；Women’s Day
• 以s结尾的复数+’如： Teachers’Day
• Lucy’s and Lily’s bags 分有
Lucy and Lily’s room 共有
Those are Jane’s shoes.= Those shoes are Jane’s.
② of 表示所属关系，用于没有生命的物体，如：a map of China；a photo of my family
Unit3 Getting Together
【重点短语和句型】
1. Could you please + 动词原形……？用来表示委婉的请求
---Could you please tell me your name?
--- Sure/ No problem. My name is Sally.
--- Sorry.
2. tell sb. sth. = tell sth. to sb. 告诉某人某事
tell sb. about sth. 告诉某人关于某事
Please tell me your name. = Please tell your name to me.
Please tell Maria about it. 请把这件事告诉玛丽亚吧。
3. help sb. do sth.= help sb. with sth. 在某方面帮助某人，帮助某人做某事
Please help us find him.
Could you please help me with English?
= Could you please help me study English?
4. want to do sth.= would like to do sth. 想要做某事
want sth. = would like sth. 想要某物
want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做……
He wants to visit Beijing. = He would like to visit Beijing.
I want/would like an orange.
Jane wants Kangkang to sing some songs with her.
5. show sth. to sb.= show sb. sth. 把某物展示给某人看
Maria shows a photo of her family to Kangkang.
6. My English is very good. =I can speak English very well.
7. live in+ 地点 居住在某地
live with + sb. 和某人住
He live in China with his parents.
8. know a lot about…… 知道许多关于……的事
He knows a lot about China.
9. say表示说话的内容，speak表示说某种语言的能力
What does he say in the letter?
He can speak some English.
10. 对事物的喜欢程度
like……very much/a lot 非常喜欢
like……a little 有点喜欢
don’t like……at all 一点都不喜欢
Many students in our class like English a lot, but I like it a little.
He doesn’t like chocolate at all.
11. a lot of+可数名词复数/不可数名词
I have a lot of English books.
12. every day 每天
each other 相互
some of them 他们中的一些
eat out 下馆子，到外面吃饭
13. play with sb. 和某人一块玩耍
like to do/doing sth. 喜欢(做)某事
She likes to play with Kitty.
14. Help yourself/yourselves to sth. 随便吃(喝)……
15. be kind to sb. 对某人很友好
They are all kind to me. 他们对我很友好。
It’s very kind of you. 你真好。
16. be glad to do sth. 很高兴(乐意)做……
I am very glad to be here. 我很乐意在这里。
Glad to meet you. 很高兴见到你。
17. let sb. do sth. 让某人做某事
Let me see.让我想一想。
Let us help you find him. 让我们帮助你找到他。
18. I am home. 我到家了。
Maria isn’t at home/in now. 玛丽亚现在不在家。
Welcome to my home. 欢迎来我家。
It’s time to go home. 该回家了。
【单元知识点详解】
1. 实义动词变一般疑问句及其回答
---Does he speak English?
-- Yes, he does./ No, he doesn’t.
2. 询问职业及工作地点
---What does your mother do?(书面) /What is your mother?(口语)
--- She is an English teacher.
---Where does she work?
--- She works/ teaches/studies in a school / hospital / restaurant / on a farm / in an office...
3. 介绍家人
This is a photo of my family.
The young woman in red is my mother.
Is the young woman in red your mother?(变一般疑问句)
Who is the young woman in red?(对划线部分提问)
My grandparents, my cousin and I are on the sofa.
I have a big family. 我有一个大家庭。
I love my family. 我爱我的家。
4. 就餐表达语
1) ---Would you like something to drink ? 想不想喝些东西？
---Yes, a glass of apple juice , please. / No, thanks.
something to drink 一些喝的东西
something to eat 一些吃的东西
2) ---What would you like to have / eat / drink ? 你想吃（喝）些什么？
---I’d like some rice and chicken. / Let me see. 我想想看。
3) Would you like to have dinner with me? 想和我共进晚餐吗？
---Yes, I’d love to. / Yes, I’d like to.
--- I’m sorry, I have to…
4) ---What do you usually have for breakfast? 你通常早餐吃什么？
---I usually have milk and bread for breakfast.
have…for breakfast/ lunch / dinner 早/午/晚餐吃......
5) ---May I take your order, sir? 请问，要点菜了吗？
---Fish with vegetables and rice , please.
6) May I help you ? = Can I help you ? =What can I do for you ?请问要吃/喝/买些什么？
5. 委婉地请求、提建议的五种表达
Would you like sth. / to do…? 你愿意/想……？
What / How about sth. / doing…? ……怎么样？
Why not do…? 为什么不……？
Let’s do…! 让我们干……吧！
Why don’t you do…? 为什么不……？
肯定回答:Yes, I’d like/love to. /Good idea. /OK. / All right./ I’d love that.
否定回答: No, thanks. / I’m sorry I can’t, I have to do…/ I’d like that, but I’m sorry I have no time.
【重点语法】
1. 人称代词的主格与宾格
点拨：主格在句子中充当主语，放在动词之前；宾格放在动词之后构成动宾短语，放在介词之后构成介宾短语。
主格 | I | we | you | he | she | it | they |
宾格 | me | us | you | him | her | it | them |
---Do you know them?
--- Yes. They are my new classmates.
2. 可数名词与不可数名词
（1）可数名词：可以用数目来计数的名词，有单数和复数之分。
如：banana, egg, apple, orange, noodles, vegetable, hamburger等。
（2）不可数名词：不能用具体的数目来表示，前面不能加a/an，没有复数形式。
如：milk, chicken, bread, Coke, coffee, rice, juice, fish, tea, water, chocolate等。
（3）不可数名词若要表示数量，可用：数词+量词+ of + 不可数名词。
如：a glass of milk 一杯牛奶； ten bottles of apple juice十瓶橙汁；ten loaves of bread 十条面包
（4）some/ a lot of +可数名词的复数/ 不可数名词
many +可数名词的复数
much +不可数名词
【书信的格式】
1. 称呼：顶格写，常用Dear… 开头，表示亲切、客套，后面用逗号。
2. 正文：从称呼的下一行开始写，开头空两格。
3. 结束语：正文下面的客套话，写在右下角，首字母大写，末尾用逗号，常用Yours。
4. 签名：指写信人的签名，写在结束语的下面。
Unit4 Having fun
【重点短语和句型】
1. buy sth. for sb. = buy sb. sth. 为某人买……
Linda wants to buy a toy car for her cousin. = Linda wants to buy her cousin a toy car.
2. try on sth.= try sth. on 试穿
try it/them on(固定搭配)
Maria tries on the coat in a clothes shop.
3. The coat looks very nice on you. 你穿上这件外套真漂亮。
4. That’s fine. We’ll take it. 好的，我们就买它了。
5. I am just looking. 我只是随便看看。
6.“Are you kidding?”你在开玩笑吗？
7. think 想，认为
think about 考虑
think of 认为
Kangkang thinks it’s Li Ming’s.
I’ll think about it. 我要考虑一下。
think about a plan 考虑一项计划
What do you think of this yellow skirt?
8. Thank you all the same. 仍然感谢你。
9. get some wate 取水
fly a kite / kites 放风筝
sing some songs 唱歌
meet friends at home 在家和朋友见面
have a picnic=go (out) for a picnic 去野餐
get up 起床
go home 回家
go fishing 去钓鱼
go shopping=do some shopping 购物
go to the zoo 去动物园
go to the West Hill 去西山
visit a friend 拜访朋友
call … back 回电话
do one’s homework 做作业
take one’s order点菜
take some bread 带一些面包
see the Monkey Show 看猴子表演
10. ask sb. to do sth. 请/要某人做某事
Could you ask her to call me back this evening? 你能让她今晚给我回个电话吗？
11. need sth. /to do sth. 需要(做)某事
We need to help them with their English. 我们需要帮助他们学英语。
We need two kilos of apples and some rice.
12. have / has to do sth. 不得不/必须做……
Kangkang has to cook. 康康必须要做饭。
Kangkang doesn’t have to cook. (变否定句)
13. save 节省，攒钱，挽救
Big sale! Buy more and save more! 大降价！买得多，省得多！
Ben can save ¥5.
14. here 这里 there 那里
Here you are. 给你。
Here it is. 在这。
Here we are. 我们到了。
The clothes are there, madam. 夫人，服装在那边。
---Where is Baby Monkey’s home? --- It’s there.
15. be free = have time 有时间，有空
Are you free this Sunday? = Do you have (any) time this Sunday?
I’m sorry I have no time. = I’m sorry I don’t have any time.
16. It’s time to do sth / for sth. 该做某事了，是做某事的时候了
It’s time to have breakfast.= It’s time for breakfast.
17. Thank you for your help. = Thank you for helping me. 谢谢你的帮忙。
18. at eight o’clock 在八点整
in the morning / afternoon / evening 在早上/下午/晚上
on Sunday moring在星期天早上
19. on one’s way home 在某人回家的路上
on one’s way to school 在上学的路上
Buy some eggs and rice on your way home.
The Baby Monkey can’t find his way home.
【单元知识点详解】
1. 购物表达语
1) ---Can I help you? / May I help you?
---Yes, please. I want to buy some clothes for my daughter. / I’m just looking, thanks.
2) ---What can I do for you?
---I want a T-shirt for my son.
3) ---Can I try it on? / Why not try them on?
--- Sure / No problem.
4) That’s fine. We’ll take it.
5) 280 yuan! Are you kidding? I’ll think about it. Thank you all the same.
6) ---Could you help me do some shopping?
--- Sure. What do we need?
7) ---Is that all? 就那些吗？
--- Yes, I think so. 是的，我想就这些。
8) ---It’s too heavy. 它太重了。
---Let me help you. 让我帮助你吧。
2. 询问对事物的观点、看法
---How do you like this pair of pants?=What do you think of this pair of pants? 你认为这条裤子怎么样？
--- They’re too long. / I don’t like it at all. How about the blue one?
3. 询问数量
how much +不可数名词 + …？
how many+可数名词(复数) +…？
---How many apples do you need?
---We need two kilos of apples.
---How many bags of rice do you need?
---We need five bags of rice.
---How much rice do you need?
---We need five bags of rice.
4. 询问价格(price)
---How much is / are ……？ ---It’s / They’re …….
---How much is the bread? ---It’s three yuan a loaf.
---How much are the shoes? ---They are 280 yuan.
5. 询问重量(quantity)
---How heavy is it? --- It’s one kilo a bag.一千克一袋。
6. 打电话的简单交际用语
1) ---Who is this, please? ---This is Sally.
2) ---May I speak to Maria? ---Sorry, she isn’t in/at home now.
3) ---Are you free this Sunday? ---Yes. What’s up?
4) ---Would you like to go to the West Hill with us?
5) ---Could you ask / tell him to call me back this evening? ---Sure.
7. 委婉地请求、建议
1) ---Would you like to fly a kite with me? ---Oh/Yes, I’d love/like to.
2) ---How/What about flying a kite with me?---I’m sorry I can’t. I have to cook.
3) ---Why not fly a kite with me? ---I’d like that, but I’m sorry I have no time.
4) ---Let’s fly a kite. --- Good idea. / OK. / That would be very nice.
8. 询问时间(time)
---What time is it, please? / What is the time, please?
---It’s seven o’clock.
9. 询问最喜欢的动物
---What are your favorite animals?
---Elephants/Monkeys/Panadas/Tigers. They’re so/very kind/clever/cute/strong.
【重点语法】
1. 时间表达法
（1）直接表达:“时+分”，如: 4:00 four o’clock ; 12:05 twelve o five；2:30 two thirty
（2）30分钟以内：用“分+ past+ 时”，表示“几点几分”
如：8:15 a quarter past eight; 9:30 half past nine
（3）超过30分钟：用“(60-分)+ to+(时+1)”表示“差几分到几点”
如：3:55 five to four ; 5:40 twenty to six
2. some与any 的用法
some 用于肯定句及希望得到肯定回答的疑问句，any用于否定句和疑问句中。
She wants some oranges.
Does she want any oranges?
What about / Why not have/ Would you like some chicken?
八年级上册
Unit1 Playing Sports
Topic1 I’m going to play basketball.
【重点单词】
1. healthy(同义词)fit(名词)health
2. win(过去式)won(名词)winner
3. ski(现在分词)skiing
4. famous(比较级)more famous
5. arrive(同义词)reach
6. leave(过去式))left
7. popular(最高级)most popular
【重点短语】
1. during the summer holidays在暑假期间
2. between…and…在两者之间
3. cheer sb. on为某人加油
4. prefer doing sth.更喜欢做某事
5. quite a bit/a lot很多
6. plan to do sth.计划做某事
7. have a skating club举办滑雪俱乐部
8. go skating/skiing/bicycling/climbing/hiking去滑雪/滑冰/骑车/爬山/远足
9. arrive in/at到达
10. play against…与……对抗/较量
11. for long很久
12. leave for…动身去…
13. the day after tomorrow后天
14. China’s national team中国国家队
15. play baseball打棒球
16. at least至少
17. What a shame! 多羞愧！
18. be good at善于做某事
19. take part in参加
20. all over the world全世界
21. be good for对……有益
22. a good way一种好方法
23. keep fit/healthy保持健康
24. relax oneself放松某人自己
【重点句型】
1. What’s your favorite sport? = What sport do you like best? 你最喜爱的运动是什么?
2. Which sport do you prefer? = Which sport do you like better?你更喜欢什么运动?
I prefer skating. = I like skating better. 我更喜欢滑雪.
3. Do you skate much? = Do you often skate? 你常滑雪吗?
4. She spends at least half an hour in the gym every day. 每天她至少花半小时在体育馆.
5. She plays baseball pretty well and she is also good at jumping. 她棒球打得相当好而且擅长于跳.
6. What kind of sports do you like? = Which sport do you like? 你喜欢哪种运动?
7. Would you like to come and cheer us on? 你愿意来为我们加油吗？
8. What are you going to be when you grow up? 当你长大后做什么？
9. There is going to be a school sports meet next month.下月有一场运动会。
【考点详解】
1. see sb. do sth “看见某人做了某事” 强调动作的全过程；
see sb. doing sth. “看见某人正在做某事” 强调动作正在进行。
如：I saw her go across the street. 我看见她过了马路。
I saw her going across the street. 我看见她正在过马路。
2. join sb. 表示 “加入某人的行列”“和某人在一起”
join + 组织 表示 “加入某个组织”
take part in 表示 “参加某个活动”
如：Will you join us?
I will join the skiing club.
She is planning to take part in the high jump.
3. arrive in + 大地点
arrive at + 小地点
get to + 地点 = reach + 地点
如：My uncle arrived in Beijing yesterday.
I arrived at the Great Wall. = I got to the Great Wall. = I reached the Great Wall.
注意：reach here/there/home = get here/there/home = arrive here/there/home
4. leave… 离开……
leave for… 动身去…/离开到…
如：They are leaving Beijing tomorrow. 明天他们要离开北京。
They are leaving for Japan the day after tomorrow. 后天他们要前往日本。
5. a few“几个，一些” 修饰可数名词
a little“一点点” 修饰不数名词
如：There are a few eggs in the basket.
There is a little water in the bottle.
6. how long 表示“多久(时间)”; 提问时间段.
how often 表示 “多常; 多久一次”; 提问时间的频率.
如: They will stay in Beijing for a week. → How long will they stay in Beijing?
He plays basketball twice a week. → How often does he play basketball?
7. be good at (doing) sth. = do well in (doing) sth. 擅长于(做)某事 如：She is good at (playing) baseball. = She does well in (playing) baseball.
8. make sth/sb + adj. 使某物(某人)在某种状态
keep …sth/sb + adj. 保持某物(某人)在某种状态
如：Playing soccer can make your body strong.
Swimming can help to keep your heart and lungs healthy.
【重点语法】
一般将来时
1. be going to 结构
① 表示主语计划、打算做某事。这种打算常经过预先考虑并含有自己做好某些准备的意思，因此通常认为用be going to表达的行动很可能会见诸实践。
I’m going to play basketball with my classmates this Sunday.
我打算本周日和同学们一起打篮球。
She is going to buy a sweater for her mother.
她打算为她妈妈买一件毛衣。
②表预测，指根据迹象推测，而且马上或很快就要发生。
Look at those clouds. It’s going to rain.
瞧那些乌云！快要下雨了！
2. will + 动词原形
表示单纯的将来事实，常与表将来的时间状语如:tomorrow, soon, later, next time(week/month/year…)等连用。will not = won’t; 缩略形式为’ll.
① 表示作出立即的决定。这种意图并未经过事先的考虑或计划，是临时的一种决定。
---Please put your things away, Tom. 汤姆，把你的东西收拾好。
---I’m sorry. I’ll do it right away. 对不起。我马上就去做。
② 表示预测。指说话人对于将来的看法、假设和推测。
I’m sure our team will win next time. 我确信下次我们队会赢。
Maybe she will go to the gym. 也许她会去体育馆。
③ 表示许诺。
I’ll do better next time. 下次我会做得更好的。
I’ll visit you tomorrow. 明天我会去看你的。
句式：肯定句：I/She/He/They will go to play baseball soon.
否定句：I/She/He/They won’t go to play baseball soon.
一般疑问句：Will you/she/he/they go to play baseball soon?
回答：Yes, I/she/he/they will. No, I/she /he/they won’t.
3. 动词plan, come, go, leave等瞬时动词用现在进行时表示将要发生的事。
I’m coming. 我就来。
He is leaving for Shanghai. 他将到上海去。
We are going to Beijing. 我们将去北京。
Topic2 We should learn teamwork.
【重点单词】
1. 词形转换
(1) adj. + ly → adv.
loud → loudly soft → softly quiet → quietly
clear → clearly angry → angrily easy → easily
(2)过去式
fall → fell break → broke lose →lost throw → threw feel → felt
(3)
ill (同义词)sick (名词)illness
start(同义词)begin
far(反义词)near
smoke(现在分词)smoking
careless(反义词)careful
important(比较级) more important
enjoy(现在分词)enjoying
9.invent(名词)invention; inventor
indoor(反义词)outdoor
century(复数)centuries
coach(复数)coaches
feel (名词)feeling
tiring(近义词)tired
【重点短语】
1. have a soccer game 进行一场足球赛
2. fall ill 病倒了
3. be a little far from… 离……有点远
4. right away = at once 立刻;马上
5. miss a good chance 错过一个好机会
6. get/miss a goal 得到/失去一分
7. shame on sb. 为某人感到羞耻
8. do one’s best 尽某人的力
9. say sorry to sb. 对某人说抱歉
10. be sure to do sth. 确定做某事
11. be angry with… 生某人的气
12. with one’s help= with the help of sb. 在某人的帮助下
13. serve food 上菜
14. turn up/down… 调高/低（音量）
15. keep sb. doing sth. 让某人一直做某事
16. in a minute 一分钟后；马上
17. on the phone 在电话中
18. take a seat 就坐
19. never mind 不要紧
20. a lot of traveling 一系列旅行
21. love/enjoy doing sth. 喜爱做某事
22. have a very exciting life 过着非常兴奋的生活
23. as well 也
24. throw…into… 把……投进……
25. follow/obey the rules 遵守规则
26. over a century later 一个多世纪后
27. more and more people 越来越多的人
28. feel tired 感到疲劳
29. instead of… 替代……
30. ask sb. to do sth. 叫某人做某事
31. make a plan for sb. 为某人订一份计划
32. build up 增进;增强
33. have fun doing sth. 乐于做…..做某事
34. be important to 对于......来说是重要
35. in a minute/ at once/ right away 立刻/马上
【重点句型】
1. Could you please do me a favor? = Could you help me? = Could you give me a hand? 你能帮我吗？
2. Would you mind teaching me? = Would you please teach me? 你教我好吗？
3. Would you mind not smoking here? 你不要在这里抽烟好吗？
4. You are always so careless. 你总是这样粗心大意.
5. I’m very sorry for what I said. 我为所说感到到道歉。
6. We are sure to win next time 下次，我们一定回赢。
7. Let me buy you a new one. = Let me buy a new one for you. 让我为你买一个新的。
8. He invented an indoor game for his students so that they could play it even in bad weather. 他为他的学生们发明了一项室内运动以便他们甚至在恶劣的天气也能玩。
9. And you can throw it with one hand or both hands.你能用一只手或两只手投掷它。
10. I have great fun running and I feel well and look fit 我总是快乐地跑步和我感到很好，看上去很健康。
【考点详解】
1. ill 与 sick 都表示 “生病的”, ill只能作表语，而sick既可作表语也可作定语。
The man is ill/sick. 那个男人病了. (作表语)
He is a sick man. 他是个病人. (作定语)
2. Would you mind (not) doing sth? 表示“(不)做某事介意/好吗?”
Would you mind coming and checking it? 来修理它好吗?
Would you mind not smoking here? 不要在这儿吸烟好/介意吗?
3. one of + 名词复数，表示 “其中之一……”, 主语是one，表单数。
One of my teammates is strong and tall. 其中我的一个队友又高又壮。
4. miss 错过，思念，遗失
I missed the last bus yesterday. 昨天我错过最后一班车.
He missed his mother. 他想念他的母亲.
My God! I missed(=lost) my key. 天啊! 我把钥匙弄丢了.
5. be sure to do sth. = be sure that + 句子 “确定做某事”
We are sure to win next time. = We are sure that we will win next time.
我们确信下次一定会赢。
6. be sorry for… “为某事抱歉”
be sorry to do sth. = be sorry (that) + 句子 “很抱歉做了某事”
I am very sorry for what I said. 我为我所说的话感到抱歉。
I’m sorry I lost your book. = I’m sorry to lose your book. 很抱歉弄丢你的书。
7. tired adj. “（感到）疲惫的” , 主语是人。
如：I feel tired today. 今天我感到累了.
tiring adj. “令人疲劳的”, 主语是事物
如：This job is tiring. 这份工作令人疲惫.
类似的有: excited 感到兴奋的 exciting 令人兴奋的
interested 感到有趣的 interesting 有趣的
8. 15-year-old “15岁的”；15 years old “15岁”
如：He is a 15-year-old boy. = The boy is 15 years old.
9. instead “替代，相反”, 一般单独使用，放在句末，前面用逗号隔开。
instead of…“替代……;而不是……”
I won’t go to Shanghai. I’ll go to Beijing, instead. 我不会去上海而会去北京。= I’ll go to Beijing instead of Shanghai.
I drank a lot of milk instead of water. 我喝了许多牛奶而不是水。
10. have fun doing sth. = enjoy doing sth. 表示 “从做…….中获得乐趣”
如：I have great fun running. = I enjoy running.我总能在跑步中得到很大乐趣。
【交际用语】
1. 请求和回答
Requests(请求) | Responses（回答） |
Could you please do me a favor? | Sure. What is it? |
Will you join us? | I’d be glad to. |
Would you mind teaching me? | Not at all. Let’s go and practice. |
2. 道歉和回答
Apologies（道歉） | Responses（回答） |
I’m sorry I didn’t call you last night. | Never mind. I guess you were busy last night. |
I’m sorry I’m late for class. | That’s OK. Please take a seat. |
I’m sorry I lost your book. | It doesn’t matter. That book isn’t important to me. |
I’m sorry I broke your pen. | Don’t worry. I have another pen. |
Topic3 The school sports meet is coming.
【重点短语】
1. join the English club 加入英语俱乐部
2. host the 2008 Olympics 举办2008年奥运会
3. fill out 填出/填好
4. go on 发生，进行
5. all the interesting places 所有有趣的地方
6. quite a lot 相当多
7. make friends with… 与……交朋友
8. be afraid of 恐怕
9. be free 有空
10. see you then 再见
11. win the first gold medal 赢得第一枚金牌
12. get 28 gold medals 获得28枚金牌
13. the winner of the first gold medal 第一枚金牌的获胜者
14. every four years 每四年，每隔三年
15. the mascot for the Beijing Olympics 北京奥运会的吉祥物
16. behave well 举止得体
17. improve the environment 改善环境
18. plant trees and grass 种植花草树木
19. a symbol of… 一种……的象征
20. stand for 代表
21. the five parts of the world 世界的五大部分
22. do morning exercises 做早操
23. be fond of (doing) sth. 喜欢(做)某事
【重点句型】
1. Could you tell me your name? 你能告诉我你的名字吗?
= What’s your name?
2. What do you do? = What’s your job? = What are you? 你是干什么的?
3. Beijing will host the 2008 Olympics. 北京将主办2008年奥运会。
4. More and more foreign friends ride in my taxi (= take my taxi) now. 现在越来越多的外国朋友搭我的出租车.
5. Speaking English will help me a lot. 说英语将对我有很大帮助。
6. Please fill it out. 请把它填好.
7. What will the weather be like this weekend? = How will the weather be this weekend? 本周末的天气怎样?
8. There will be more roads in Beijing. 在北京将会有更多的马路.
9. When shall we meet? 我们什么时候见面？
10. Let’s make it half past six. 咱们把时间定在六点半吧。
【考点详解】
1. fill out + 名词 “填好……”
fill + 名词/代词+out
如：Please fill out this form. = Please fill this form out. 请填好这张表格。
Please fill it/them out. (当宾语是代词时, 只能放中间) 请把它(们)填好。
2. be afraid…“恐怕” 指有礼貌地、委婉地拒绝别人.
be afraid of…“害怕(做)……”
如：I’m afraid I won’t be free. 我恐怕没有空。
He is afraid of dogs. 他害怕狗。
They are afraid of losing the game. 他们害怕输了比赛.
3. may be“可能是……” may是情态动词
maybe“或许; 可能” maybe是副词
如：He may be a teacher. = Maybe he is a teacher. 他可能是一名老师。
He may know her name. = Maybe he knows her name. 他可能知道她的名字。
4. between 在两者之间
among 在三者或三者以上当中
如：The answer is between A and B. 答案在A和B 之间。
The winner is among of us. 获胜者在我们当中。
5. There be 句型的一般将来时
正：There will be a sports meeting in our school this weekend.
= There is going to be a sports meeting in our school this weekend.
误：There will have a sports meeting in our school this weekend.
= There is going to have a sports meeting in our school this weekend.
【交际用语】
提建议的句型：
Would you like to go hiking with us? 你想和我们一起去远足吗?
What/How about going hiking with us? 和我们一起去远足怎么样?
Why don’t you go hiking with us? 你为什么不和我们一起去远足呢?
Why not go hiking with us? 为什么不和我们一起去远足呢?
Let’s go hiking. 让我们一起去远足吧!
Would you mind going hiking with us? 你介意和我们一起去远足吗?
Would you please go hiking with us? 和我们一起去远足好吗?
Unit2 Keeping healthy
Topic1 You should see a dentist.
【重点短语】
1. have a cold/a toothache /a fever/a cough/a backache/a stomachache/a sore throat /the flu /sore eyes
感冒/牙疼/发烧/咳嗽/背疼胃疼/咽喉发炎/流感/眼疼
2. take a rest=have a rest 休息
3. not read for too long 不要看书太久
4. boiled water 开水
5. stay in bed 卧病在床，躺在床上
6. have a good sleep 好好睡一觉
7. feel terrible 感觉难受
8. day and night 日日夜夜
9. You'd better=You had better 你最好…
10. not so well 很不好
11. not too bad 没什么大碍
12. much better 好多了
13. go to see a doctor 去看病
14. take/have some medicine 吃药
15. take…to… 把…带到…
16. send-…to… 把…送到…
17. hot tea with honey 加蜂蜜的热茶
18. lie down 躺下
19. look after=take care of 照看，照顾
20. brush teeth 刷牙
21. have an accident 发生一次意外/事故
22. don't worry 别担心
23. worry about 担心
24. nothing serious 没什么严重，没什么大碍
25. check over 诊断，仔细检查
26. thank you for 因…而感谢你
27. buy…for… 为…买…
28. not…-until… 直到…才…
29. ice cream 冰淇淋
30. both…and… ...和…都是......
31. take some cold pills 吃感冒药
32. plenty of 许多，大量
【重点句型】
1. What's wrong with you/him/her?你/他/她怎么了？
=What's the matter with......?=What's the trouble with......?
2. You should see a dentist. 你应该去看牙医。
这是一种表达建议的句子。还可以用以下句式：
you'd better(not)...
how/what about...
why not/don't you...
3. I'm sorry to hear that. 听到这个消息我很难过。（这是表示同情别人的句子。）
4. You look pale. 你看起来很苍白。
（1）在英语中表示气色不好，苍白，用pale
（2）“look ”在这里译作“看起来”，作连系动词，后接形容词。
与look用法相同的连系动词还有 tast ，sound ，smell ，feel 。如：
The soup tastes very delicious. 这汤尝起来真香。
Your voice sound nice. 你的声音听起来很动人。
The flowers smell sweet. 这些花闻起来很香。
The silk feels smooth 丝绸摸起来很光滑。
5.---Shall I take you to the hospital? 我送你去医院吧？
---No,thank you. 不用，谢谢。
6. I'll take some medicine and see how it goes. 我打算先吃药看看情况再说。
“goes”在这里指事情的进展。“it ”用来代指病情。如：
How is everything going? 一切进展如何？
Everything is going well. 一切进展顺利。
7. You'd better drink hot tea with honey. 你最好喝加蜂蜜的热茶。
tea with honey 加了蜂蜜的茶，with表示一种伴随状态。类似的表达还有：
some coffee with sugar and milk 加了牛奶和糖的咖啡
some tea without sugar 不加糖的茶
8. Michael had an accident yesterday. 昨天迈克发生了事故。
had an accident 发生了事故
9. But my left leg still hurts when I move it. 可是当我挪动脚时，还是有点儿疼。
句中“hurt”译为“疼痛”，作不及物动词。后不可接宾语。
10. Your X-rays show it's nothing serious. 你的X光照片显示没什么严重的问题。
nothing serious 没什么严重的
nothing ，something ，anything等不定代词，被形容词修饰时，形容词位于其后。
11. Stay in bed and don't move your leg too much. 躺在床上，不要总是挪动你的腿。
12. Michael's friends bought some chocolate for him . 迈克的朋友给他买了一些巧克力。
buy sth for sb. 双宾语的运用。使用双宾语时，在人宾前需要使用介词，有时用“to”有时用“for ”，这与动词本身有关，表示动词的方向，多用“to”，表示动词的目的，多用“ for ”
give sth to sb. pass sth to sb.
bring sth to sb. take sth to sb.
cook sth for sb. buy sth for to sb .
13. ...but I couldn't read them until today. 但是直到今天我才读了它们。
not...until... 直到......才...... until 在肯定句动词一般用延续性动词，在否定句中动词一般为短暂性动词。如：
He will wait for his father until ten o'clock.他将等他父亲一直到10点钟。
He won't leave until his father comes. 他直到他父亲回来才离开。
【重点语法】
1. had better 的形式和用法
1） 固定短语had better具有情态意义，也可以看作情态动词。译为“最好”，它只有一种形式，没有人称和数的变化，后常跟动词原形，是给人提出建议的一种方式。如：
You had better go to see the doctor. 你最好去看医生。
You'd better eat a lot of fruit and drink plenty of water. 你最好多吃水果，多喝水。
2）Had better的否定结构为 had better not。如：
You'd better not eat hot food. 你最好别吃辛辣的食物。
You'd better not work today. 你今天最好别工作。
2. shall的用法
1） 作助动词时，英式英语中表示将来，可与第一人称连用，但在口语中所有人称都用will。如：
I shall/will be in New York this time next week .下周这个时候我就在纽约了。
注意：美语则不管什么人称，一律用will。
2）作情态动词时表征询意见，用于第一人称的疑问句中。如：
Shall I take you to the hospital? 要不要我带你去医院？
What shall we do this weekend? 这个周末我们要作什么呢？
Topic2 I must ask him to give up smoking.
【重点短语】
1. stay up late 熬夜
2. be bad for 对......有害
3. be good for 对......有益
4. too much 太多，过分
5. do morning exercises 做早操
6. keep long fingernails 留长指甲
7. play sports right 进行适当的体育锻炼
8. go to school without breakfast 不吃早餐去上学
9. have a bath 洗澡
10. take a fresh breath 呼吸新鲜空气
11. read ...about... 读关于......
12. Ren'ai English Post 仁爱英语报
13. ask sb to do 叫某人做某事
14. give up 放弃
15. read in the sun 在太阳底下看书
16. throw litter about 乱扔垃圾
17. on the lawn 在草坪上
18. put...into... 把......放进......
19. exercise on an empty stomach 空腹锻炼
20. get into 进入
21. keep the air clean and fresh 保持空气清新
22. wash hands before meals 饭前洗手
23. potato chips 炸薯条
【重点句型】
1. Staying up late is bad for your health. 熬夜有害健康。
1） stay up late 熬夜
2） be bad for 对......有害。
类似的短语还有： be good for 对......有好处
3） staying up late is... 动名词作主语。当我们需要一个动词充当主语时，常用此动词的动名词（即doing）形式。如：
Playing basketball is good for your heath. 打篮球对你的身体有好处。
Reading in bed is bad for your eyes. 躺在床上看书对眼睛有害。
Swimming is my hobby. 游泳是我的爱好。
2. It will keep you active during the day. 它会使你在白天保持活力。
keep sth/sb .+adj. 保持某物/某人在某种状态。如：
keep your fingersails clean 保持你的指甲干净。
keep our streets clean 让街道保持干净。
3. Different foods help us in different ways. 不同的食物对我们有不同的作用.
in different ways译为“用不同的方式”。
4. If we eat too littele or too much food...如果我们吃太少或太多食物......
little 少得几乎没有，表否定，修饰不可数名词。
a little 有一些，表示肯定，修饰不可数名词。
与 little ，a little类似的用法的还有 few， a few 。
few少得几乎没有，表否定，修饰可数名词。
a few有一些，表示肯定，修饰可数名词。
5. Walking is good exercise and it is necessary for good health. 散步是很好的锻炼，它是身体健康必不可少的。
be necessary for 对......来说是必不可少的 如：
Sunshine is necessary for our life. 阳光对于我们的生活来说是必不可少的。
Food is necessary for life. 食物是生命所必需的。
【重点语法】
1. 情态动词must及其否定形式 must not
must 译为“必须做......”其否定意义“不必做......”，用don't have to/needn't/don't need to表示，而不用must not 。如：
——Must Ifinish it tonight?
——No, you don't have to.
must not 译作“禁止做......”。如：
You must not throw litter about.=Don't throw litter about.别到处乱扔垃圾。
2. 情态动词may
①表示请求允许，译作“可以”。如：
May I come in? 我可以进来吗？
②表示推测，译作“可能”。如：
You may get a headache when you work too hard. 当你工作太累时你可能回感到头疼。
You may get a headache when you can't get enough sleep. 当你睡眠不足时，你可能会头疼。
Topic3 Must we exercise to prevent the flu?
【重点短语】
1. hurry up 快点，赶快
2. go ahead（尤指经某人允许）开始，干下去，走在前面，领先
3. do more exercise 多锻炼
4. do some cleaning 做扫除
5. all the time 一直
6. have to 不得不，必须
7. keep away 远离...
8. just a moment 稍等一会儿
9. get through 拨通（电话）；通过
10. take care of 照顾
11. care for 照顾（病人）；照料；喜欢
12. talk with 和...交谈
13. enjoy oneself 过得愉快
14. Chinese medicine 中药
15. since then 从那时起
16. get lost 丢失了，迷路
17. on one's way to... 在某人去...的路上
18. by mistake 错误地
19. ask for leave 请假
20. healthy food 健康食物
21. crowded places 拥挤的地方
22. do one`s best 尽力
23. change clothes often 常换衣服
24. wash hands often 常洗手
25. ring...up 打电话给...
26. leave a message 留口信
27. take a message 带口信
28. call...back 给...回电话
29. take an active part in 积极参加
30. the name of... ...的名称
31. what do you think of...? 你认为...怎么样？
32. have a good time=enjoy oneself 过得愉快
33. next time 下次
34. let...out 让 ...出去
35. teach oneself on the Internet 网上自学
36. be afraid of 害怕...，恐惧...
【重点句型】
1. Sure, go ahead. 当然可以，请问吧！
ahead 意思是向前，这里的go ahead原意为向前走，在这里译作继续问问题，相当于go on。
2. Please tell my father to take care of himself. 请告诉我爸爸照顾好自己。
take care of 照顾，照料。同义词：look after
tell sb to do sth/ask sb to do sth/want sb to do sth/get sb to do sth 表示让某人去做某时事
3. Can I take a message? 我能为您捎个口信吗？
take a message 捎口信
leave a message 留口信
give a message to... 给某人一个口信
4. I'll tell her when she comes back. 她一回来我就告诉她。
本句是由when引导的时间状语从句。当主句的动词用一般将来时时，从句一般用现在时。如：
He'll phoneme when he arrives in Beijing .当他到北京时，他将回给我打电话。
5. ..., he took an active part in the battle against it. 他积极投身于抗击“非典”的战斗中。
against 与......相对抗
take part in... 参加......；加入到某种活动中
take an active part in... 积极参加......，如：
You should take an active part in the sports meet in your school.你应该积极参加你们学校的运动会。
6. He cared for the patients. 他日夜关心着病人。
care for sb. 关心某人
7. It's my duty to save the patients. 救治病人是我的职责。
It's...to do... 做某事是......，在此句式中，“to do...”是真正的主语，而“it ”是形式主语，类似的句式有：It's dangerous to climb the tree. 爬树很危险。
8. Long time no see. 好久没见！
这是一句常用口语，在久别重逢的朋友之间，还可以说：
“Haven't seen you for a long time！”。
9. I tought myself on the Internet. 我在网上自学。
1） on the Internet 在网络上。介词on用来表示在网上、电视上、收音机里、电话里。如：
2） on the phone， on the radio ，on tv
3） teach oneself 自学，近义词组为： learn by oneself
10. How often does Mr Brown exercise? 布朗先生多长时间锻炼一次？
how often 对频率提问，回答用 once/twice/three times...a day/a week/...
exercise在这里为动词，意思是“锻炼，运动”。
【重点语法】
1. 反身代词的形式
单数 复数
myself ourselves
yourself yourselves
himself themselves
herself themselves
itself themselves
2. 反身代词的用法
1）“by+反身代词”表示“单独地，独自一人地”。如：
The boy couldn't make the model plane by himself. 那个男孩不能独自制作飞机模型。
2）反身代词常与一些动词连用。如：
“teach+反身代词”表示“自学”；
“ hurt+反身代词”表示“伤到自己”。如：
Jane teaches herself English. 简自学英语。
Lily fell down and hurt herself yesterday. 昨天莉莉自己摔伤了。
注：反身代词与个别动词搭配使用，意思发生变化。如：
“help +反身代词+to...”表示“随便吃...”；
“ enjoy+反身代词”表示“...玩得开心”。
Help yourself to some strawberries,please. 请随便吃些草莓。
They enjoyed themselves at the party last night. 昨晚在晚会上他们玩得很开心。
3）反身代词作名词或代词的同位语时，起加强语气的作用，可译为“亲自，本人”。如：
You'd better ask your teacher about it yourself. 你最好亲自去问你的老师。
Unit3 Our Hobbies
Topi1 What's your hobby?
【重点短语】
such as 例如
used to do sth. 过去常常做某事
take a bath 洗澡
be interested in 对……感兴趣
go dancing 去跳舞
go boating 去划船
play volleyball 打排球
collecting stamps 集邮
collecting coins 收藏硬币
listening to pop music 听流行音乐
listening to classical music 听古典音乐
listening to symphony 听交响乐
walking in the countryside 在乡间散步
【重点句型】
1. Wow! So many stamps! 哇，那么多的邮票！
2. We can learn a lot about people, places, history, and special times from stamps. 通过这些邮票我们可以学到许多关于人文、地理、历史和特殊时代的知识。
3. Would you like to collect any of these things? 你想集下面这些东西吗?
4. What things do you love collecting? 你喜欢集什么东西？
5. I am interested in playing sports. 我对运动感兴趣。
6. What do you often do in your spare time? 在你的业余时间里面你都做些什么啊？
7. I often go fishing. 我经常去钓鱼。
8. And I do a lot of reading. 我通常都是阅读一些书籍。
9. I' m a movie fan. 我是一个电影迷。
10．I also rent VCDs and watch them at home. 我也租一些VCD在家看。
11. Why not go out and do some outdoor activities? 为什么不走出去做一些户外运动呢？
12. Maybe I need a change. 或许我需要改变。
13. My interests are changing all the time. 我的兴趣爱好总是在不断地改变。
14. And I wasn' t interested in sports at all. 我对运动一点兴趣都没有。
15. But now, my hobbies are sports, like soccer and swimming. 但是现在我的爱好是体育，比如足球和游泳。
16. I never miss any important soccer games. 我从未错过任何一场重要的足球比赛。
17. I used to know little about paintings. 我过去不太懂绘画。
18. I enjoy listening to rock music. 我喜欢听摇滚音乐。
19.Did you use to go swimming during summer vacations? 在暑假里，你过去经常去游泳么？
20. I used to do that in the pond in front of my house. 我过去常在我家门前的池塘里游泳。
21. Nobody. I taught myself. 没有任何人，我自学的。
22. When they are free, people usually do what they like. 当人们空闲的时候，他们总是做一些自己喜欢的事情。
23. They also paint pictures or collect things such as coins, dolls or stamps. 他们也绘画或者收集一些东西，例如硬币、娃娃或邮票。
24. When people become old, hobbies can keep them healthy. When people are sick, hobbies can help them get well sooner.
当人们变老的时候，爱好可以帮助他们保持健康。当人们身体虚弱的时候，爱好还可以帮助他们尽快地康复。
25. I call him Pink pig. The color of his skin is light pink. 我叫他粉色，因为他的皮肤是淡粉色的。
26. Pink likes to have a bath. Pink喜欢洗澡。
27. How do you take care of them? 你怎样照顾它们？
【重点语法】
1. I used to listen to rock music but now I collect telephone cards and paintings. 我过去常听摇滚乐，可现在我集电话卡和画。
used to do sth. 这一结构表示过去的习惯（过去经常反复发生的动作）或状态（暗含的意思是现在已不复存在），用于所有人称。
used to的否定形式为：used not to do或didn’t use to do。疑问句为Used you to... ? 或 Did you use to...? 如：
1) I used to go to school on foot.
我过去步行上学。（暗含的意思是：我现在不再步行上学了。）
2) Mary used to sleep late.
玛莉过去总是很晚才睡觉。（暗含的意思是：玛莉现在睡觉不再那么晚了。）
3) He used not to like Peking opera, but now he’s very fond of it. 他过去不喜欢京剧，但现在非常喜欢。
现在大多数人在口语中或不太正式的书面语中对否定句和疑问句常使用与do 连用的形式。例如：
1) I didn’t use to like skating, but now I like it very much. 我过去不喜欢滑冰，但现在很喜欢。
2) Did you use to go there? 你以往常去哪儿？
3) There used to be a theatre here, didn’t there? 以前这里有一座剧院，是不是？
另外，注意be used to doing sth.、used to do sth.和be used to do sth.的区别：
be used to doing sth “习惯于……”如：
1) He is used to working hard. 他习惯于努力地工作。
2) I’m used to doing jogging in the morning now. 我习惯于早上慢跑。
3) He used to bring me roses when he came to see me. 过去他来看我时，常带玫瑰花。
be used to do sth.“某物被用来做某事”。如：
1) Wood is used to make paper. 木材被用来生产纸张。
2) Computers can be used to do a lot of work now. 如今电脑可用来做许多事。
2. Collecting stamps must be great fun! 集邮肯定很有趣！
must在这里是情态动词，表示推测，可以翻译为“一定，肯定”。如：
1) Your brother must be in the school. I saw him just now.
你的哥哥想必在学校。我刚才看见他了。
2) Your friend must have left for Nanjing yesterday.
你的朋友昨天一定已经离开去南京了。
3) She thought that her present must be in the box. 她以为礼物一定是在盒子里。
情态动词must的三种否定形式：
must表示“必须”时，其否定回答为don’t have to/needn't/don't need to，意思为“不需要”。如：
---Must I pay back the money right now? 我必须现在偿还这笔钱吗？
---No, you don’t have to. 不，你不需要现在还。
must表示“推测”时，其否定形式为can’t，意思为“不可能”。如：
1) I’ve seen what she is talking about, so she can’t be telling lies.
我目睹了她所说的事情，因此，她不可能在说谎。
2) Yesterday I received a letter from him, so he can’t be here. 昨天我收到了他的信，所以说他不可能在这儿。
而mustn't的意思为“绝对不可，不许，禁止”。如：
1) You mustn't smoke in the hospital.你绝对不可以在医院里吸烟。
2）You mustn't cross the road when the traffic lights are red.
交通灯是红色时，你千万不能过马路。
3. He doesn’t mind whether they’re good or not. 他并不介意它们是否是好的。
此句为以whether引导的宾语从句。whether...or not“不论是否……”。如：
You have to get up early everyday whether it rains or not.
你必须天天早点起床，不论是否下雨。
if与whether的区别：
二者在引导宾语从句时一般可换用。如：
1) I want to know if / whether it is going to rain tomorrow. 我想知道明天是否下雨。
2) He asked me if / whether Li Ping was at home. 他问我李平是否在家。
3) He didn’t understand if / whether the stranger told a lie. 他不明白那个陌生人是否说的是假话。
但下列几种情况不能换用。
1) whether 后可紧接or not，而if一般不能。
Let me know whether or not you can come. 你能来还是不能来，请告诉我一声。
2) 不定式前用whether，不用if。如：
I haven’t decided whether to go to the cinema or to stay at home. 我还没有决定是看电影还是留在家里。
3) 介词后可用whether，不用if。如：
I haven’t settled the question of whether I’ll go back home. 我是否回家还没有定。
Topic2 What sweet music?
【重点短语】
continue doing sth. 继续做某事
be born 出生
set up 建立
classical music 古典音乐
folk songs 民歌
stage name 艺名
everyday life 日常生活
be famous for 因……而著名
look for 寻找
【重点句型】
1. And it sounds great! 听起来好极了。
2. What kind of musical instrument can you play? 你会弹什么种类的乐器？
3. We have guitar, violin, piano and drum lessons for just ￥240 each. 我们有吉他课、小提琴课、钢琴课、和打鼓课，每个课程仅需要240元。
4. What do you do in your free time? 你在闲暇之际干些什么？
5. Classical music is serious music. 古典音乐是一种很严肃的音乐。
6. Pop music often comes and goes easily. 流行音乐来得快去得也快。
7. They are very popular among young people. 它们在年轻人当中很流行。
8. Guo Lanying, Song Zuying and Tenger are famous for their folk songs. 郭兰英，宋祖英和腾格尔以（唱）民歌而出名。
9. It is one of the most famous rock bands in the world. 它是世界上最著名的摇滚乐队之一。
10. In the fall of 1976, a 14-year-old high school student, Larry Mullen, looked for some musicians. 在1976年的秋天，一个14岁的中学生，Larry Mullen寻找一些音乐家。
11. He wanted to form a band. 他想组建一个乐队。
12. He found 3 boys and they set up a band. 他找到了3个男孩，他们组成了一个乐队。
13. The four members are still close friends after many years. 多年后，4位成员仍然是好朋友。
14. They continue making music. 他们继续创作音乐。
15. And people all over the world still enjoy their music very much. 全世界的人们仍然非常喜欢他们的音乐。
16. When he was eight, his father asked a music teacher to teach him to play the piano. 当他八岁的时候，他的父亲请了一位老师来教授他如何弹奏钢琴。
17. He says violin music is his favorite and it makes him happy.
他说小提琴是他的最爱，使他很快乐。
【重点语法】
1. What a pity! 真遗憾！
这是一个由what引导的感叹句。what引导感叹句的基本构成为：
what + a / an +（形容词）+可数名词单数+主语+谓语/系动词！
what +（形容词）+可数名词复数/不可数名词+主语+谓语/系动词！如：
1) What a stupid question! 多么愚蠢的问题啊！
2) What lively boys they are! 多么活泼的男孩子们啊！
2. What are you going to do this Sunday evening? 这周日晚上你想干什么？
“be going to” 是一般将来时的一种表达方法，它表示：
1) 现在打算在最近或将来要做某事，如: Tom is going to Beijing with his father next week.
2) 说话人根据已有的迹象认为可能要发生某事，如: There are a lot of dark clouds. It’s going to rain.
“be going to”句式的基本结构：
肯定句：主语+be going to …
eg. He is going to stay at school.
否定句：主语+be + not +going to…
eg. I’m not going to the library this afternoon.
一般疑问句：Be +主语+going to…
eg. Are you going to play tennis next week?
be going to 用于there be 结构时要用There is/am/are going to be + 主语+其它形式
如: There is going to be a football game tomorrow.
与be going to 连用的时间状语有：next week/month/year, tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, this evening, in the future等.
Topic3 What were you doing at this time yesterday?
【重点短语】
agree with sb. 与某人看法一致
take a shower 洗澡
answer the phone 接电话
do some cleaning 打扫卫生
knock at 敲
too…to 太…..以至于不能......
talk about 谈论关于......的事情
【重点句型】
1. I called you but nobody answered the phone. 我给你打电话了，但是没有人接。
2. Oh, I was taking a shower. 我在淋浴。
3. Yeah, I think so. 是，我也这样认为。
4. And I also like the young man with light hair. 我也喜欢那个留着浅色头发的年轻人。
5. He is so handsome! 他非常帅！
6. I agree with you. 我同意你的意见。
7. You look very sad. 你看起来很伤心。
8. There’s nothing serious. 没什么严重的事。
9. Well, Miss Wang was angry with me. 王老师生我的气了。
10. In the early 1800s, Sunday was the “holy day". 在19世纪早期，星期日的含义就是“神圣的一天”。
11. In the US, workers called them“blue Mondays". 在美国，工人们把它们叫做“蓝色星期一”。
12. Then decide how you are going to spend your weekend. 然后决定你的周末怎么过。
13. Did you have a good time? 你们玩得高兴吗？
【重点语法】
I was doing some washing. I was doing some cleaning.
我在洗衣服。 我在打扫卫生。这句用的是过去进行时.
1. 过去进行时表示过去某一时刻正在进行或发生的动作，也表示过去一段时间内的活动或那个阶段正在进行的动作，如：
He were watching TV at 8:00 last night.
They were writing a book last month.
2. 过去进行时由be (was/were)+动词ing 形式构成的
肯定句：主语+was/were +doing +…
否定句：主语+wasn’t/weren’t +doing +…
一般疑问句：Was/Were+主语+doing+…
肯定回答：Yes, 主语+was/were.
否定回答：No, 主语+wasn’t/weren’t.
They were studying English at this tine yesterday.
They weren’t studying English at this time yesterday.
Were they studying English at this time yesterday?
Yes, they were. / No, they weren’t.
Unit 4 Our World
Topic1 Which do you like better, plants or animals?
【重点短语】
1. share…with 与……共享......
2. play with 玩弄，玩耍
3. in danger 在危险之中
4. feed on 以……为食
5. think about 考虑，思考
6. enjoy nature 享受自然
7. at night 在晚上
8. in the daytime 白天
9. summer vacation 暑假
10. thousands of 成千上万
11. in fact 事实上
12. find out 查明，发现
13. in nature 在自然界
【重点句型】
1. Plants are more beautiful than animals. 植物比动物更漂亮。
2. The plants stay green longer there. 那儿的植物能更长时间保持绿色。
3. The rainforests are very important to us. 雨林对我们很重要。
4. Water is necessary for all plants. It is the most important thing to all living things, we must save every drop of water. 水对所有植物是必需的。它对所有生物都重要，我们必须节约每一滴水。
5. Isn’t it interesting? 是不是很有趣呀？
6. It is one of the most dangerous fish in the world. 它是世界上最危险的鱼之一。
7. It is so strange! 太奇怪了！
【重点语法】
一. 形容词的比较级和最高级的构成
1. 规则变化：
（1）一般在词尾加—er或—est，如：fresh—fresher—freshest
（2）以字母e结尾的形容词，加r或st，如：late—later—latest
（3）以重读闭音节结尾的词，词尾只有一个辅音字母时，应双写这一辅音字母，再加er或est，如：big—bigger—biggest
（4）以辅音字母＋y结尾的双音节词，先改y为i，再加er 或est，如：happy—happier—happiest
（5）部分双音节词和多音节词前面加more或most构成比较级或最高级。如：careful—more careful—most careful；beautiful—more beautiful—most beautiful
2. 不规则变化：
good/well—better—best
little—less—least
many/much—more—most
bad/ill—worse—worst
far—farther/further—farthest/furthest
二. 形容词的比较级和最高级的用法
1. 两者比较用比较级，经常与than搭配，可用much和a little修饰。
I’m happier than you. 我比你更快乐。
Plants are much more beautiful than animals. 植物比动物漂亮的多。
2. 三者或三者以上比较用最高级，一般给出比较范围，如：of（in）＋…。
The boy is the tallest in my class. 这个男孩是我们班最高的。
Lesson Two is the most important of all. 第二课是所有中最重要的。
Topic2 How can we protect ourselves from the earthquake?
【重点短语】
1. take the place of 代替，取代
2. instead of 代替，而不是……
3. mistake…for… 把……错当
4. seem to do 好象，似乎
5. call for 要求
6. wake sb. up 将某人叫醒
7. see sb.doing sth. 看见某人正在做某事
8. use sth. for sth./doing sth. 利用某物做某事
9. spend…on… 在……上花费时间或金钱
10. be sure of 确信
11. these days 现在，目前
12. in alphabetical order 按字母表顺序排列
13. look up 查阅
14. pay attention to 注意，专心
15. begin with 以……开始
16. and son on 等等
17. switch on 开（电灯，机器等）
18. ask （sb.）for sth. 向……要……
【重点句型】
1. I’m sure robots can do some work better than humans. 我确信机器人比人能更好地做某些工作。
2. I saw a UFO while I was walking down the street yesterday. 昨天我沿着街道走时，看见了一个不明飞行物。
3. It looked like a plate. 它看上去像一个盘子。
4. Until now, even the scientists are not sure whether there are UFO. 直到现在，甚至科学家也不确定是否有不明飞行物。
5. We can shop without going out of our houses. 我们不出家门就能购物。
6. We can use the Internet for finding a job. 我们可以用网络来找工作。
7. We shouldn’t spend too much time on it. 我们不应该在因特网上面花费太多的时间。
8. When you look up a word in the dictionary, pay attention to the first letter of the word. 当你在字典里查一个单词的时候，注意这个单词的第一个字母。
【重点语法】
现在进行时与过去进行时的区别
1. 现在进行时表示现在正在发生或正在做的事情，基本结构is/am/are＋现在分词doing，如：
肯定句：The robots are making a car now. 这些机器人正在生产小汽车。
否定句：We are not studying on the Internet. 我们没有在互联网上学习。
疑问句：Is the teacher looking up the word in the dictionary？这个老师正在词典中查这个词吗？
特殊疑问句：Ｗho are you talking to？你在和谁谈话？
2. 过去进行时表示过去某一时间，正在发生或正在做的事情。基本结构was（were）＋现在分词doing，如：
肯定句：Ｗhen he came in, I was writing a letter. 当他进来时，我在写一封信。
否定句：They weren’t watching TV while she was reading. 她读书时，他们没在看电视。
疑问句：Was the UFO flying to us at 8 last night? 昨晚８点UFO向我们飞来了吗？
特殊疑问句：What were you drinking while we were sleeping? 我们睡觉时，你们在喝什么？
Topic3 The Internet makes the world smaller.
【重点短语】
1. more than 超过
2. pull down 推倒，拆毁
3. heavy traffic 交通繁忙
4. wear out 磨损，用坏
5. used to do sth. 过去常常做某事
6. do one’s best 尽（某人）最大努力
7. live models 真人模型
8. the ancient world 古代
9. be made up of 由……组成
10. join…together 把……连在一起
11. regard…as… 把……看作......
12. be worn out 被损坏
【重点句型】
1. Lots of them were pulled down in the 1960s. 他们当中许多在二十世纪六十年代被拆毁。
2. People thought them useless. 人们认为它们没有用。
3. It’s really too bad. 这太遗憾了。
4. We are doing our best to protect and rebuild the old city walls. 我们正在尽全力保护并重建老城墙。
5. It is one of the“seven wonders”of the ancient world still standing. 它是现存的古代“七大奇迹”之一。
6. It took 100,000 people over 20 years to build it. 修建它花了10万人二十多年的时间。
7. Since then, people regarded the Great Wall as a symbol of the Chinese nation. 从那以后，人们就把长城看作是中华民族的象征。
8. Every year many people find great pleasure visiting the wall. 每年有许多人参观长城，从中得到极大乐趣。
【重点语法】
反意疑问句：由陈述句（或祈使句、感叹句）加一个简短问句构成的疑问句叫反意疑问句。
一般对应规律：前肯后否；前否后肯。即陈述部分为肯定形式，附加问句用否定形式；陈述部分为否定形式，附加问句用肯定形式。如：
There are many pyramids in Egypt, aren’t there? 在埃及有许多金字塔，不是吗？
Sally visited the Great Wall last month, didn’t she? 萨莉上个月参观了长城，不是吗？
He doesn’t realize the importance of saving water,does he? 他没有意识到节约用水的重要性，是吗？
特例点拨：
1. I don’t think you can rebuild the house, can you?我认为你不能重修这座房子，是吗？（I don’t think…主要在说think后的内容，故按从句变化）。
2. 陈述部分有nobody,nothing,never,no,few（没几个），little（几乎没有），hardly（几乎不）等否定或半否定词时，仍视为否定句。根据反意疑问句对应规律，疑问部分用肯定形式。如：
There is nothing in the room, is there? 屋子里什么也没有，是吗？
Maria never surports me, does she? 玛丽亚从未支持过我，是吗？
He had few apples, did he? 他几乎没有苹果，是吗？
3. 祈使句的反意疑问句：无论肯定或否定，通常在祈使句后加上will you? 如：
Please close the door, will you?请关门好吗？
Don’t tear down the old walls,will you? 不要拆毁古墙，好吗？
但以Let’s开头的祈使句用shall we? 如：
let’s make a survey, shall we? 我们做个调查，好吗？
九上
Unit1 The Changing World
Topic1 Our country has developed rapidly.
【重点短语和句型】
1. have a good summer holiday 暑假过得愉快
2. come back from 从......回来
3. have/has been to 去过
4. have/has gone to 去了
5. not...any more 再也不...
6. take photos 照相
7. by the way 顺便问一下
8. take part in 参加
9. around/all over/throughout the world 全世界
10. tell sb. something about... 告诉某人关于某事
11. have/live a happy/hard life 过着幸福/艰苦的生活
12. describe...in detail 详细描述
13. give support to 支持...
14. see...oneself 亲眼看见
15. keep in touch with 与...保持联系
16. far away 遥远的
17. kinds/sorts of 各种各样的...
18. not only...but also 不仅...而且...
19. make progress 取得进步
20. more than/over 多于
21. develop/improve rapidly 迅速发展/改善
22. tell sb. (not ) to do sth. 告诉某人（别）做某事
23. ask sb. (not ) to do sth. 要求某人（别）做某事
24. in order to do sth. 为了做某事
25. have to do sth. 不得不做某事
26. It's +形容词+for sb. to do sth. 对于某人来说做某事是...的
27. why not do sth. 为什么不做某事
28. succeed/be successful in doing sth. 成功地做某事
29. dream about doing sth. 梦想做某事
30. see/hear sb. do/doing sth. 看见/听见某人做/正在做某事
【重点语法】
现在完成时
肯定句：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+其他
否定句：主语+have/has+not+动词的过去分词+其他
一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词+其他
特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词+其他）
二. 现在完成时的用法
1. 现在完成时用来表示过去已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果。也就是说，动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在，强调的是现在。
I have already posted the photo.
我已经邮寄出了照片。
与此种用法连用的时间状语时一些模糊的过去时间状语，如already（肯定句句中）, yet（否定句/疑问句句尾）, just, before, recently,still, lately,never等。
2. 现在完成时也可用来表示动作或状态发生在过去某一时刻，持续到现在并且有可能会继续持续下去。
He has lived here since 1978.
自从1978年以来，他一直住在这儿。(动作起始于1978年，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。)
此种用法常与for（+时间段）,since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用。谓语动词必须是延续性动词。
有些瞬间动词可变为延续动词：
go out----be out
finish----be over
open----be open
die----be dead
buy---have
fall ill---be ill
come back----be back
catch a cold----have a cold
Topic2 The population in developing
countries is growing faster.
【重点短语和句型】
1. get lost 迷路
2. a couple of 一些，几个
3. with the development of 随着...的发展
4. with the help of... 在...的帮助下
5. one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数 其中之一/最...的其中之一
6. each other 互相
7. call/ring sb.up 给某人打电话
8. at least 至少
9. sth. happen to sb. 某人发生某事
10. What happened to sb? 某人发生某事?
11. take place 发生
12. because of 因为，由于
13. be strict with sb./in sth. 对某人/某事严格要求
14. carry out 执行
15. thousands/millions/hundreds of 成千上万/无数的/成百上千...
16. two thousand/million/hundred 两千/百万/百(具体数字后面不加s)
17. half of... 一半...
18. two thirds 三分之二
19. be short of 短缺...
20. so far 到目前为止
21. be known/famous for 因...而闻名
22. be known/famous as 作为...而闻名
23. thanks to 幸亏...
24. have a long way to go 有很长的路要走
25. a town called... 一个叫做...的镇
26. fewer than/less than 少于
27. places of interest 名胜古迹
28. be interested in 对...感兴趣
29. such as 例如...
30. look/smell/sound/feel/taste+形容词 看/闻/听/摸/尝起来...
31. such a/an+形容词+sb./sth 如此...的人/物
32. take sb. to sp 带某人去某地
33. keep up with 赶上
34. have fun doing sth. 做某事很愉快
35. have a population of... 有...的人口
36. What's the population of...? ...有多少人口？
37. want to do sth. 想要做某事
38. hate to do sth 讨厌做某事
39. take measures to do sth. 采取措施做某事
40. have(no)chance/time to do sth. 有机会/时间做某事
41. used to do sth. 过去常常做某事
42. be used to do sth. 被用来做某事
43. be/get used to doing sth. 习惯做某事
44. work well in doing sth. 在...方面起到显著作用
【重点语法】
常用于现在完成时的时间状语：already, just , yet, ever, never, recently.
e.g.
1. I have just called you.
2. ——Have you ever been to France?
——No, I’ve never been to any European countries.
3. ——Have you seen him yet?
——Yes, I have seen him already.
Topic3 The world has changed for the better.
【重点短语】
1. with the money 用这些钱
2. so that 为了，以致于
3. so...that... 如此...以致于...
4. in fact/as a matter of fact 事实上
5. come for a visit 来参观
6. in need 在困难时
7. decide on sth. 决定某事
8. provide sth. for sb./provide sb. with sth. 为某人提供某物
9. feel good about... 对...有信心
10 lend sth. to sb/lend sb. sth. 把某物借给某人
11. borrow sth. from sb. 向某人借某物
12. at the same time 与此同时
13. talk on the phone 在电话中交谈
14. take drugs 吸毒
15. pay for 付款
16. buy sth. for sb. 给某人买某物
17. at home and abroad 在国内外
18. send sb. to sp. 送某人去某地
19. send for sb. 派人去请某人
20. aim to do sth. 目的是做某事
21. decide(not)to do sth. 决定（不）做某事
22. finish doing 结束做某事
23. How do you like.../What do you think of...? 你觉得...怎么样？
24. sb.spend st.in doing sth=It takes sb.st. to do sth. 某人花费...时间做某事
25. sb.spend some money on sth.=sb.pay some money for sth. 某人花费...钱买某物
26. so+be/助动词/情态动词+主语 表示后者情况与前者一样（表肯定）
neither/nor+be/助动词/情态动词+主语 表示后者情况与前者一样（表否定）
27. so +主语+/be/助动词/情态动词 表示的确如此
【重点语法】
1. 现在完成时：常与for或since引导的时间状语连用,表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在。
e.g. You have been in New York for a long time.
The city has improved a lot since I came here a few years ago.
2. 构词法:
合成词: home +work= homework
派生词: use——useful, happy——unhappy
Unit2 Saving the Earth
Topic1 Population causes too many problems.
【重点短语】
1. chemical factory 化工厂
2. pour… into… 把……排放到……
3. in a bad mood 处在不好的情绪中
4. manage to do sth. 设法去做某事
5. do harm to … / be harmful to… 对……有害
6. quite a few 相当多
7. no better than 同…….一样差
8. in pubic 公开地
9. all sorts of 各种各样的
10.in many ways 在许多方面
【重点句型】
1. Look, there are several chemical factories pouring waste water into the streams.
看，有几家化工厂正往河里排放废水。
2. Everything has changed.一切已发生了变化。
3. How long have you been like this? 你像这样多长时间了?
4. I’m always in a bad mood because I can’t stand the environment here.
我的情绪总是很差因为我受不了这里的环境。
5. However, not all people know that noise is also a kind of pollution and is harmful to humans’health.
然而，并非所有的人都知道噪音也是一种污染，而且有害于人类健康。
【重点语法】
直接引语和间接引语
1. Granny said, “I’m feeling even worse.”
Granny said that she was feeling even worse.
2. “ Do you still want to live here, Granny?” the journalist asked.
The journalist asked Granny if she still wanted to live there.
3. “ How is the environment around this place?” the journalist asked.
The journalist asked how the environment around that place was.
Topic2 All these problems are very serious.
【重点短语】
1. as a result 结果
2. here and there 到处
3. in the beginning 一开始
4. in danger 处于危险中
5. cut down 砍倒
6. change sth. into sth. 把……变成……
7. prevent from 防止
8. greenhouse effect 温室效应
9. refer to 提到
10. deal with 处理
12. cut off 中断
【重点句型】
1. As we know, none of us likes pollution. 众所周知，没有人喜欢污染。
2. Humans have come to realize the important of protecting animals. 人类逐渐意识到保护动物的重要性。
3. Trees can also stop the wind blowing the earth away. 树木也能防风固土。
4. Cutting down trees is harmful to human beings, animals and plants. 砍伐树木对人类、动植物都有害。
5. Some things we’ve done are very good for earth while some are not good. 我们所做的，有些对地球很好，而有些不利。
6. They can also prevent the water from washing the earth away.它们也能阻止水土流失。
7. When it rains or when the wind blows, the earth is taken away. 天一下雨或刮风，土就会被冲走或刮走。
【重点语法】
不定代词
1. 定义: 指的是那些不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词。
2. 用法: 在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。something , somebody, anything, anybody等作主语时，通常视为单数。当形容词修饰它们时，要放在其后。
e.g. But the government has done something useful to protect the environment.
Topic3 What kinds of things can we do
to protect the environment?
【重点短语】
1. not only…but also… 不仅……而且……
2. be supposed to 应该
3. ought to 应该
4. turn off 关掉
5. instead of 代替
6. on time 准时
7. make sure 确保
8. push forward向前推
9. push down 向下
10. pull up 向上拉
【重点句型】
1. For example, we should use both sides of paper and reuse plastic bags.
例如，我们应该用纸的两面，并且重新使用塑料袋。
2. Everyone is supposed to do that.每个人都有义务那样做。
3. First, you ought to turn off the lights when you leave a room.首先，你离开房间时应该随手关灯。
4. Easier said than done. 说起来容易做起来难。
5. Well, actions speak louder than words. 嗯，百说不如一做。
6. There will be a lot of hard work to do tomorrow, so make sure you go to bed early tonight.
明天有许多繁重的活要干，今晚一定要早睡。
【重点语法】
并列句：由两个或两个以上并列而又相互独立的简单句构成。
结构为：简单句+并列连词+简单句
常用的并列连词有：and, or, but, while, not only… but also...
e.g. 1. The river is dirty and the temperature of the earth is rising.
2. They work well, but they are slow and can’t run for long.
Unit3 English Around the World
Topic1 English is widely spoken throughout the world.
【重点词语】
1. be able to=can 能够,会
2. can’t wait to do sth. 迫不急待地做某事
3. have a (good) chance to do sth. 有(好)机会做某事
4. practice doing sth. 练习做某事
5. be made by… 被……制做
be made of/from… 由……制成
be made in… 在某地制造
6. on business 出差
7. be similar to… 和……相似
8. translate…into… 把……翻译成……
9. have no/some trouble (in) doing sth. 做某事没有/有些困难
10. once in a while=sometimes/at times 偶尔,间或
11. whenever=no matter when 无论何时
12. as well as 以及
13. mother tongue 母语
14. take the leading position 处于领先地位
15. encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事
16. call for 号召
【重点句型】
1. Disneyland is enjoyed by millions of people from all over the world. 世界上数以百万的人们都喜欢迪斯尼乐园。
2. I hope I can go there one day. 希望有一天我能去那儿。
3. English is widely spoken around the world. 英语在世界上被广泛使用。
4. It is also spoken as a second language in many countries. 在许多国家它也被用作第二语言。
5. It is possible that you will have some trouble. 你可能会遇到一些麻烦。
6. It’s used as the first language by most people in America,Canada,Australia ,Great Britain andNew Zealand. 它被美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、英国和新西兰的大多数人用作第一语言。
7. And two thirds of the world’s scientists read English. 并且世界上三分之二的科学家用英语阅读。
【重点语法】
一般现在时的被动语态
英语语态有主动语态和被动语态两种。
主语是动作的执行者，叫主动语态。如：We clean the classroom. 我们打扫教室。
主语是动作的承受者，叫被动语态。如：The classroom is cleaned (by us).教室被（我们）打扫。
1. 被动语态的构成：助动词be+及物动词的过去分词+（by+宾语）
其中by意为“被……；由……”，表动作的执行者。
如：The glass is broken by that boy.玻璃杯是那个男孩打破的。
be有人称、数和时态的变化，其肯定式、否定式、疑问式的变化规则与be作为连系动词时完全一样。
如：English is widely spoken around the world. （肯定式）
English is not widely spoken around the world. （否定式）
---Is English widely spoken around the world? （疑问式）
---Yes, it is./No, it isn’t.
2. 被动语态的用法：
（1）在没有指明动作的执行者或者不知道动作执行者的情况下可用被动语态。如：This coat is made of cotton.这件大衣是棉制的。
（2）要强调动作的承受者而不是执行者时，用被动语态。如：Her bike is stolen.她的自行车被偷了。
3． 主、被动语态的转换：
主动语态：主语+及物动词谓语动词+宾语（+其它）
被动语态：主语+be+及物动词的过去分词+by+宾语（+其它）
注意：（1）主动、被动互转时，时态不变。
（2）主动句的主语是代词的主格形式，变成被动态by的宾语时，要用宾格形式。如：
(1) People grow rice in the south.
Rice is grown (by people) in the south.
(2) She takes care of the baby.
The baby is taken care of (by her).
Topic2 English is spoken differently in
different countries.
【重点词语】
1. by the way 顺便说一下
2. depend on 取决于……；依靠……
3. be different from 与……不同
4. succeed in 成功，达成
5. make yourself understood 表达你自己的意思
6. on one’s way to 在某人去……的路上
7. see sb. off 给……送行
8. leave for…前往某地/leave…for… 离开…去…
9. in twenty minutes 二十分钟之后
10. written English 笔头英语/oral English 英语口语
11. generally speaking 一般说来，大致上说
12. as for sb./sth. 至于某人/某物
13. be close to… 靠近……
14. in person 身体上，外貌上；亲自
15. be found of… 爱好……
16. be forced to do sth. 被迫做……
force sb.to do 强迫某人做某事
17. even worse 更糟的是
【重点句型】
1. Is Australia English the same as British English? 澳式英语和英式英语一样吗?
2. English is spoken differently in different English-speaking countries. 不同的国家使用不同的英语。
3. For example, there are differences between British English and American English. 例如，在英式英语和美式英语之间有些不同点。
4. I can’t believe that I’m flying to Disneyland. 我简直不敢相信我就要飞往迪斯尼乐园了。
5. I hope I won’t have any difficulty. 我希望不会遇到什么困难。
6. Whenever you need help, send me an-mail or telephone me.
无论何时你需要帮忙，给我发电子邮件或打电话。
7. Not only children but also adults enjoy spending their holidays in Disneyland. 不但青少年而且成年人也喜欢到迪斯尼乐园度假。
【重点语法】
用现在进行时表示将来
现在进行时表示将来时，常有“意图”、“安排”（但不是固定不变的）或“打算”含义。它表示最近或较近的将来，所用的动词多是位移动词。
如：come, go, arrive, leave, fly, start, begin, return, open, die
I’m going. 我要走了。
When are you starting? 你什么时候动身？
Don’t worry. The train is arriving here soon. 别着急，火车马上就到了。
表示将来的现在进行时除了用于位移动词外，亦可用于某些非位移动词。
如：My uncle is meeting us tomorrow. 我叔叔明天会见我们。
She is buying a new bike soon. 她不久将买一辆新自行车。
Topic3 Could you give us some advice on
how to learn English well?
【重点短语】
1. in public在 公共场所
2. at times=sometimes 有时
3. feel like doing=would like to do 想要做……
4. give up sth./doing sth. 放弃
5. turn to sb. for help 求助于某人
6. give sb. some advice on/about… 给某人一些有关……的建议
7. be weak in 在……方面很差/be good at 在……方面很好
8. be afraid of doing sth. 害怕做某事
9. make mistakes 犯错误
10. take a deep breath 深呼吸
11. the best time to do 做某事最好的时间
12. do some listening practice 做些听力训练
13. reply to=answer 回答
14. advise sb. to do 建议某人做某事（名词advice）
【重点句型】
1. Could you make yourself understood in the U.S.A? 在美国，别人能懂得你的话吗？
2. I don’t know what to do. 我不知道该怎么办？
3. At times I feel like giving up. 有时我想要放弃。
4. Try to guess the meanings of the new words, and get the main idea of the article. 尽量猜测生词的意思，理解文章的大意。
5. I dare not answer questions in class, because I’m afraid of making mistakes. 我不敢在课堂上回答问题，困为我害怕犯错误。
6. It’s an honor to talk with all of you. 与在座的各位交谈是我的荣幸。
7. But remember to choose the ones that fit you best. 但是记住要选择最适合你的一种。
8. I insist that you practice English every day. 我坚持认为你们每天都应该练习英语。
9. Believing in yourself is the first step on the road to success. 自信是通往成功的第一步。
【重点语法】
wh- +to do
wh-是指when, where, which, who(m)及how等连接词，它们和动词不定式连用，即为wh- +to do结构。这种结构在句中常作主语、表语和宾语，作宾语时可以转换为宾语从句。(对于谓语动词来说，wh- +to do这个不定式动词的动作是个尚未发生的动作，所以在转换成宾语从句时，通常须加情态动词或用将来时表示未来。)
如：I don’t know what to do.=I don’t know what I should do.
She can’t decide which to buy.=she can’t decide which she will buy.
反之，如果主句中的主语与宾语从句中的主语一致时，宾语从句（由疑问词引导）通常可以与“疑问词+不定式”互相转换。
如：I don’t know what I should do.=I don’t know what to do.
如果不一致就不能转换。I want to know what Mary will do.(不能说:I want to know what to do.)
Unit4 Amazing Science
Topic1 When was it invented?
【重点短语】
1. go around 环绕
2. send…into… =send up…into… 把……送入......
3. congratulations on sth 祝贺某事
4. be proud of 为……而自豪
5. be moved by 为……而感动
6. Thanks/Thank you for +n./ving sth 感谢某人做的某事
7. have physical examinations 做体检
8. in good/bad health 处于好（不好）的身体状态
9. can’t help doing 情不自禁做……
10. take turn to (do sth) 轮流（做某事）
11. no doubt 疑地
12. as well as 除……的之外，也
13. for instance/example 例如
14. work on 做……（方面）的工作
15. depend on/upon 依靠，依赖
16. turn on 打开
17. turn off 关掉
18. turn up 开大
19. turn down 关小
20. click on 用鼠标点击
21. look forward to doing sth 期待做某事
【重点句型】
1. Now big plans are being made to send up more satellites and even build a space station.现在中国正在计划发射更多的卫星，甚至建造一个空间站。
2. I’m moved by what Yang Liwei did. 我被杨利伟所做的事感动了。
3. Generally speaking, we are in good health now. 一般来说，我们现在的健康状况良好。
4. We couldn’t help looking at the earth again and again. 我们忍不住再三地看着地球。
5. I was able to fall asleep as soon as I got into the sleeping bag.
We took turns to have a rest. 一进入睡袋我就睡着了。我们轮流休息。
6. It has proved that China has made great progress in developing its space industry. 这证明了中国航天业的发展已取得了巨大的进步。
7.There is no doubt that computers are widely used by workers in business and technology.毫无疑问，电脑被商业,科技工作者广泛地应用.
8. Computers have made the world smaller, like a “village”. 电脑使得世界变小了，就像一个“村庄”。
【重点语法】
宾语补足语
宾语补足语用来补充说明宾语，与宾语一起构成复合宾语。可作宾语补足语的有名词、形容词、副词、介词和动词不定式等。
（一）名词、形容词、副词、介词短语作宾语补足语。如：
1. We call him Jim.（名词） 我们叫他吉姆。
2. We must keep our school clean every day.（形容词） 我们必须每天保持校园清洁。
3. Call him in, please.（副词） 请叫他进来。
4. Leave it on the desk.（介词短语） 把它留在课桌上。
（二）动词不定式作宾语补足语可分为三种情况
1. 跟带to的不定式作宾语补足语。常见的这类动词有：ask, tell, get, teach, want, invite, like, allow, wish, encourage等。如：Tell Jane to sing us a song.叫简给我们唱支歌。
2. 跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。常见的这类动词有“一感（feel）、二听（listen to, hear）,三让（make, let, have）,四看（look at, see, watch, notice）如：Let’s have a rest.让我们休息一会儿。
但这种结构变成被动语态时，to必须加上。如：He was seen to leave the room with a book in his hand.有人见他手拿着一本书离开这个房间。
3. 跟带to或不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。这类动词只有help。如：
Can you help me (to) wash my clothes ? 你能帮我洗衣服吗？
（三）分词作宾语补足语可分为两种情况
1. 现在分词作宾语补足语，经常表示正在发生的动作。可跟这类补足语的动词有：see, watch, hear等。如：
I hear somebody singing in the next room. 我听见有人在隔壁唱歌。
2. 过去介词作宾语补足语，经常表示被动。如：
You need to have your hair cut. 你需要理发了。
Topic2 I'm excited about the things that
will be discovered in the future.
【重点短语】
1. be used for +ving 被用做……
2. come true 实现
3. It’s said that 据说
4. during/in one’s life 某人一生
5. be known as 以……（身份）而著名
6. know/say for certain 确切知道/肯定地说
7. all the time 一直，总是
8. no longer=not…any longer 不再
=(no more, not…any more)
9. as long as 只要
10. as far as 就……，尽……
11. make a great contribution 对…...作出巨大贡献
12. the rest of the time 在其余地时间里
13. at any time 在任何时候
【重点句型】
1. Because I’m not allowed to play computer games. 因为我不可以玩电脑游戏。
2. How do you say this in English? 这用英语怎么说？
3. It’s made from wood. 它用木材做的。
4. It’s used for helping us to improve our English. 它用来帮助我们提高英语水平。
5. People are surprised at the rapid development of robots. 人们为机器人的飞速发展感到惊讶。
6. They will no longer want to be our servants, but our masters.它们将不再愿意做我们的人，而要做我们的主人。
7. This method worked well at night as long as the weather was good and the stars could be seen. 在夜间只要天气晴朗，能看见星星，这种方法就能很好地发挥作用。
【重点语法】
一. 一般过去时的被动语态
谓语部分的基本形式是be的过去式was/were+及物动词的过去分词。如：
When was it made? 它是什么时候制造的？
It was made in 1980.它是1980年制造的。
When was the digital camera invented? 数码像机是什么时候发明的？
It was invented in 1975. 它是1975年发明的。
二. 时间前所用介词的速记歌
年月周前要用in，日子前面却不行。
遇到几号要用on，上午下午又是in。
要说某日上下午，用on换in才能行。
午夜黄昏须用at，黎明用它也不错。
at也用在时分前，说“差”可要用上to。
说“过”只可使用past，多说多练牢牢记，莫让岁月成蹉跎。
Topic3 China is the third nation that
sent a person into space.
【重点短语】
1. travel by spaceship 乘宇宙飞船旅行
2. in the future 在未来
3. in order to 为了
4. on the radio 通过收音机
5. take part in 参加
6. grow up 成长，长大
7. prefer…to 喜欢……胜过……
8. What’s worse 更为糟糕的是
9. be worth it 有好处，值得一干
10. at a distance of 相隔
11. send sb a message 给某人发送信息
【重点句型】
1. I don’t think aliens can be found in space. 我认为外星人不可能出现在太空里。
2. It has been two days since we landed on Mars. 自从我们登上火星以来已经两天了。
3. What’s worse, our water supplies were very low. 更糟糕的是，我们的水供给是非常有限的。
4. It’s a quarter as big as the earth. 它是地球的四分之一大。
5. Mars goes around the sun at a distance of about 228 million kilometers. 恒星在相隔大约228000000千米的地方绕着太阳转动。
【重点语法】
情态动词的被动语态
情态动词的被动语态由“情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。如：Aliens can not be seen on the earth. 在地球上不可能见到外星人。
Other planets may be visited soon in the future. 将来其他的星球也会有人登陆。
Scientific research should be done carefully. 应该认真地进行科学研究。
These trees must be watered in time. 这些树应该及时浇水。
九年级上册
Unit1 The Changing World
Topic1 Our country has developed rapidly.
【重点短语和句型】
1. have a good summer holiday 暑假过得愉快
2. come back from 从......回来
3. have/has been to 去过
4. have/has gone to 去了
5. not...any more 再也不...
6. take photos 照相
7. by the way 顺便问一下
8. take part in 参加
9. around/all over/throughout the world 全世界
10. tell sb. something about... 告诉某人关于某事
11. have/live a happy/hard life 过着幸福/艰苦的生活
12. describe...in detail 详细描述
13. give support to 支持...
14. see...oneself 亲眼看见
15. keep in touch with 与...保持联系
16. far away 遥远的
17. kinds/sorts of 各种各样的...
18. not only...but also 不仅...而且...
19. make progress 取得进步
20. more than/over 多于
21. develop/improve rapidly 迅速发展/改善
22. tell sb. (not ) to do sth. 告诉某人（别）做某事
23. ask sb. (not ) to do sth. 要求某人（别）做某事
24. in order to do sth. 为了做某事
25. have to do sth. 不得不做某事
26. It's +形容词+for sb. to do sth. 对于某人来说做某事是...的
27. why not do sth. 为什么不做某事
28. succeed/be successful in doing sth. 成功地做某事
29. dream about doing sth. 梦想做某事
30. see/hear sb. do/doing sth. 看见/听见某人做/正在做某事
【重点语法】
现在完成时
肯定句：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+其他
否定句：主语+have/has+not+动词的过去分词+其他
一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词+其他
特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词+其他）
二. 现在完成时的用法
1. 现在完成时用来表示过去已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果。也就是说，动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在，强调的是现在。
I have already posted the photo.
我已经邮寄出了照片。
与此种用法连用的时间状语时一些模糊的过去时间状语，如already（肯定句句中）, yet（否定句/疑问句句尾）, just, before, recently,still, lately,never等。
2. 现在完成时也可用来表示动作或状态发生在过去某一时刻，持续到现在并且有可能会继续持续下去。
He has lived here since 1978.
自从1978年以来，他一直住在这儿。(动作起始于1978年，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。)
此种用法常与for（+时间段）,since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用。谓语动词必须是延续性动词。
有些瞬间动词可变为延续动词：
go out----be out
finish----be over
open----be open
die----be dead
buy---have
fall ill---be ill
come back----be back
catch a cold----have a cold
Topic2 The population in developing
countries is growing faster.
【重点短语和句型】
1. get lost 迷路
2. a couple of 一些，几个
3. with the development of 随着...的发展
4. with the help of... 在...的帮助下
5. one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数 其中之一/最...的其中之一
6. each other 互相
7. call/ring sb.up 给某人打电话
8. at least 至少
9. sth. happen to sb. 某人发生某事
10. What happened to sb? 某人发生某事?
11. take place 发生
12. because of 因为，由于
13. be strict with sb./in sth. 对某人/某事严格要求
14. carry out 执行
15. thousands/millions/hundreds of 成千上万/无数的/成百上千...
16. two thousand/million/hundred 两千/百万/百(具体数字后面不加s)
17. half of... 一半...
18. two thirds 三分之二
19. be short of 短缺...
20. so far 到目前为止
21. be known/famous for 因...而闻名
22. be known/famous as 作为...而闻名
23. thanks to 幸亏...
24. have a long way to go 有很长的路要走
25. a town called... 一个叫做...的镇
26. fewer than/less than 少于
27. places of interest 名胜古迹
28. be interested in 对...感兴趣
29. such as 例如...
30. look/smell/sound/feel/taste+形容词 看/闻/听/摸/尝起来...
31. such a/an+形容词+sb./sth 如此...的人/物
32. take sb. to sp 带某人去某地
33. keep up with 赶上
34. have fun doing sth. 做某事很愉快
35. have a population of... 有...的人口
36. What's the population of...? ...有多少人口？
37. want to do sth. 想要做某事
38. hate to do sth 讨厌做某事
39. take measures to do sth. 采取措施做某事
40. have(no)chance/time to do sth. 有机会/时间做某事
41. used to do sth. 过去常常做某事
42. be used to do sth. 被用来做某事
43. be/get used to doing sth. 习惯做某事
44. work well in doing sth. 在...方面起到显著作用
【重点语法】
常用于现在完成时的时间状语：already, just , yet, ever, never, recently.
e.g.
1. I have just called you.
2. ——Have you ever been to France?
——No, I’ve never been to any European countries.
3. ——Have you seen him yet?
——Yes, I have seen him already.
Topic3 The world has changed for the better.
【重点短语】
1. with the money 用这些钱
2. so that 为了，以致于
3. so...that... 如此...以致于...
4. in fact/as a matter of fact 事实上
5. come for a visit 来参观
6. in need 在困难时
7. decide on sth. 决定某事
8. provide sth. for sb./provide sb. with sth. 为某人提供某物
9. feel good about... 对...有信心
10 lend sth. to sb/lend sb. sth. 把某物借给某人
11. borrow sth. from sb. 向某人借某物
12. at the same time 与此同时
13. talk on the phone 在电话中交谈
14. take drugs 吸毒
15. pay for 付款
16. buy sth. for sb. 给某人买某物
17. at home and abroad 在国内外
18. send sb. to sp. 送某人去某地
19. send for sb. 派人去请某人
20. aim to do sth. 目的是做某事
21. decide(not)to do sth. 决定（不）做某事
22. finish doing 结束做某事
23. How do you like.../What do you think of...? 你觉得...怎么样？
24. sb.spend st.in doing sth=It takes sb.st. to do sth. 某人花费...时间做某事
25. sb.spend some money on sth.=sb.pay some money for sth. 某人花费...钱买某物
26. so+be/助动词/情态动词+主语 表示后者情况与前者一样（表肯定）
neither/nor+be/助动词/情态动词+主语 表示后者情况与前者一样（表否定）
27. so +主语+/be/助动词/情态动词 表示的确如此
【重点语法】
1. 现在完成时：常与for或since引导的时间状语连用,表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在。
e.g. You have been in New York for a long time.
The city has improved a lot since I came here a few years ago.
2. 构词法:
合成词: home +work= homework
派生词: use——useful, happy——unhappy
Unit2 Saving the Earth
Topic1 Population causes too many problems.
【重点短语】
1. chemical factory 化工厂
2. pour… into… 把……排放到……
3. in a bad mood 处在不好的情绪中
4. manage to do sth. 设法去做某事
5. do harm to … / be harmful to… 对……有害
6. quite a few 相当多
7. no better than 同…….一样差
8. in pubic 公开地
9. all sorts of 各种各样的
10.in many ways 在许多方面
【重点句型】
1. Look, there are several chemical factories pouring waste water into the streams.
看，有几家化工厂正往河里排放废水。
2. Everything has changed.一切已发生了变化。
3. How long have you been like this? 你像这样多长时间了?
4. I’m always in a bad mood because I can’t stand the environment here.
我的情绪总是很差因为我受不了这里的环境。
5. However, not all people know that noise is also a kind of pollution and is harmful to humans’health.
然而，并非所有的人都知道噪音也是一种污染，而且有害于人类健康。
【重点语法】
直接引语和间接引语
1. Granny said, “I’m feeling even worse.”
Granny said that she was feeling even worse.
2. “ Do you still want to live here, Granny?” the journalist asked.
The journalist asked Granny if she still wanted to live there.
3. “ How is the environment around this place?” the journalist asked.
The journalist asked how the environment around that place was.
Topic2 All these problems are very serious.
【重点短语】
1. as a result 结果
2. here and there 到处
3. in the beginning 一开始
4. in danger 处于危险中
5. cut down 砍倒
6. change sth. into sth. 把……变成……
7. prevent from 防止
8. greenhouse effect 温室效应
9. refer to 提到
10. deal with 处理
12. cut off 中断
【重点句型】
1. As we know, none of us likes pollution. 众所周知，没有人喜欢污染。
2. Humans have come to realize the important of protecting animals. 人类逐渐意识到保护动物的重要性。
3. Trees can also stop the wind blowing the earth away. 树木也能防风固土。
4. Cutting down trees is harmful to human beings, animals and plants. 砍伐树木对人类、动植物都有害。
5. Some things we’ve done are very good for earth while some are not good. 我们所做的，有些对地球很好，而有些不利。
6. They can also prevent the water from washing the earth away.它们也能阻止水土流失。
7. When it rains or when the wind blows, the earth is taken away. 天一下雨或刮风，土就会被冲走或刮走。
【重点语法】
不定代词
1. 定义: 指的是那些不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词。
2. 用法: 在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。something , somebody, anything, anybody等作主语时，通常视为单数。当形容词修饰它们时，要放在其后。
e.g. But the government has done something useful to protect the environment.
Topic3 What kinds of things can we do
to protect the environment?
【重点短语】
1. not only…but also… 不仅……而且……
2. be supposed to 应该
3. ought to 应该
4. turn off 关掉
5. instead of 代替
6. on time 准时
7. make sure 确保
8. push forward向前推
9. push down 向下
10. pull up 向上拉
【重点句型】
1. For example, we should use both sides of paper and reuse plastic bags.
例如，我们应该用纸的两面，并且重新使用塑料袋。
2. Everyone is supposed to do that.每个人都有义务那样做。
3. First, you ought to turn off the lights when you leave a room.首先，你离开房间时应该随手关灯。
4. Easier said than done. 说起来容易做起来难。
5. Well, actions speak louder than words. 嗯，百说不如一做。
6. There will be a lot of hard work to do tomorrow, so make sure you go to bed early tonight.
明天有许多繁重的活要干，今晚一定要早睡。
【重点语法】
并列句：由两个或两个以上并列而又相互独立的简单句构成。
结构为：简单句+并列连词+简单句
常用的并列连词有：and, or, but, while, not only… but also...
e.g. 1. The river is dirty and the temperature of the earth is rising.
2. They work well, but they are slow and can’t run for long.
Unit3 English Around the World
Topic1 English is widely spoken throughout the world.
【重点词语】
1. be able to=can 能够,会
2. can’t wait to do sth. 迫不急待地做某事
3. have a (good) chance to do sth. 有(好)机会做某事
4. practice doing sth. 练习做某事
5. be made by… 被……制做
be made of/from… 由……制成
be made in… 在某地制造
6. on business 出差
7. be similar to… 和……相似
8. translate…into… 把……翻译成……
9. have no/some trouble (in) doing sth. 做某事没有/有些困难
10. once in a while=sometimes/at times 偶尔,间或
11. whenever=no matter when 无论何时
12. as well as 以及
13. mother tongue 母语
14. take the leading position 处于领先地位
15. encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事
16. call for 号召
【重点句型】
1. Disneyland is enjoyed by millions of people from all over the world. 世界上数以百万的人们都喜欢迪斯尼乐园。
2. I hope I can go there one day. 希望有一天我能去那儿。
3. English is widely spoken around the world. 英语在世界上被广泛使用。
4. It is also spoken as a second language in many countries. 在许多国家它也被用作第二语言。
5. It is possible that you will have some trouble. 你可能会遇到一些麻烦。
6. It’s used as the first language by most people in America,Canada,Australia ,Great Britain andNew Zealand. 它被美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、英国和新西兰的大多数人用作第一语言。
7. And two thirds of the world’s scientists read English. 并且世界上三分之二的科学家用英语阅读。
【重点语法】
一般现在时的被动语态
英语语态有主动语态和被动语态两种。
主语是动作的执行者，叫主动语态。如：We clean the classroom. 我们打扫教室。
主语是动作的承受者，叫被动语态。如：The classroom is cleaned (by us).教室被（我们）打扫。
1. 被动语态的构成：助动词be+及物动词的过去分词+（by+宾语）
其中by意为“被……；由……”，表动作的执行者。
如：The glass is broken by that boy.玻璃杯是那个男孩打破的。
be有人称、数和时态的变化，其肯定式、否定式、疑问式的变化规则与be作为连系动词时完全一样。
如：English is widely spoken around the world. （肯定式）
English is not widely spoken around the world. （否定式）
---Is English widely spoken around the world? （疑问式）
---Yes, it is./No, it isn’t.
2. 被动语态的用法：
（1）在没有指明动作的执行者或者不知道动作执行者的情况下可用被动语态。如：This coat is made of cotton.这件大衣是棉制的。
（2）要强调动作的承受者而不是执行者时，用被动语态。如：Her bike is stolen.她的自行车被偷了。
3． 主、被动语态的转换：
主动语态：主语+及物动词谓语动词+宾语（+其它）
被动语态：主语+be+及物动词的过去分词+by+宾语（+其它）
注意：（1）主动、被动互转时，时态不变。
（2）主动句的主语是代词的主格形式，变成被动态by的宾语时，要用宾格形式。如：
(1) People grow rice in the south.
Rice is grown (by people) in the south.
(2) She takes care of the baby.
The baby is taken care of (by her).
Topic2 English is spoken differently in
different countries.
【重点词语】
1. by the way 顺便说一下
2. depend on 取决于……；依靠……
3. be different from 与……不同
4. succeed in 成功，达成
5. make yourself understood 表达你自己的意思
6. on one’s way to 在某人去……的路上
7. see sb. off 给……送行
8. leave for…前往某地/leave…for… 离开…去…
9. in twenty minutes 二十分钟之后
10. written English 笔头英语/oral English 英语口语
11. generally speaking 一般说来，大致上说
12. as for sb./sth. 至于某人/某物
13. be close to… 靠近……
14. in person 身体上，外貌上；亲自
15. be found of… 爱好……
16. be forced to do sth. 被迫做……
force sb.to do 强迫某人做某事
17. even worse 更糟的是
【重点句型】
1. Is Australia English the same as British English? 澳式英语和英式英语一样吗?
2. English is spoken differently in different English-speaking countries. 不同的国家使用不同的英语。
3. For example, there are differences between British English and American English. 例如，在英式英语和美式英语之间有些不同点。
4. I can’t believe that I’m flying to Disneyland. 我简直不敢相信我就要飞往迪斯尼乐园了。
5. I hope I won’t have any difficulty. 我希望不会遇到什么困难。
6. Whenever you need help, send me an-mail or telephone me.
无论何时你需要帮忙，给我发电子邮件或打电话。
7. Not only children but also adults enjoy spending their holidays in Disneyland. 不但青少年而且成年人也喜欢到迪斯尼乐园度假。
【重点语法】
用现在进行时表示将来
现在进行时表示将来时，常有“意图”、“安排”（但不是固定不变的）或“打算”含义。它表示最近或较近的将来，所用的动词多是位移动词。
如：come, go, arrive, leave, fly, start, begin, return, open, die
I’m going. 我要走了。
When are you starting? 你什么时候动身？
Don’t worry. The train is arriving here soon. 别着急，火车马上就到了。
表示将来的现在进行时除了用于位移动词外，亦可用于某些非位移动词。
如：My uncle is meeting us tomorrow. 我叔叔明天会见我们。
She is buying a new bike soon. 她不久将买一辆新自行车。
Topic3 Could you give us some advice on
how to learn English well?
【重点短语】
1. in public在 公共场所
2. at times=sometimes 有时
3. feel like doing=would like to do 想要做……
4. give up sth./doing sth. 放弃
5. turn to sb. for help 求助于某人
6. give sb. some advice on/about… 给某人一些有关……的建议
7. be weak in 在……方面很差/be good at 在……方面很好
8. be afraid of doing sth. 害怕做某事
9. make mistakes 犯错误
10. take a deep breath 深呼吸
11. the best time to do 做某事最好的时间
12. do some listening practice 做些听力训练
13. reply to=answer 回答
14. advise sb. to do 建议某人做某事（名词advice）
【重点句型】
1. Could you make yourself understood in the U.S.A? 在美国，别人能懂得你的话吗？
2. I don’t know what to do. 我不知道该怎么办？
3. At times I feel like giving up. 有时我想要放弃。
4. Try to guess the meanings of the new words, and get the main idea of the article. 尽量猜测生词的意思，理解文章的大意。
5. I dare not answer questions in class, because I’m afraid of making mistakes. 我不敢在课堂上回答问题，困为我害怕犯错误。
6. It’s an honor to talk with all of you. 与在座的各位交谈是我的荣幸。
7. But remember to choose the ones that fit you best. 但是记住要选择最适合你的一种。
8. I insist that you practice English every day. 我坚持认为你们每天都应该练习英语。
9. Believing in yourself is the first step on the road to success. 自信是通往成功的第一步。
【重点语法】
wh- +to do
wh-是指when, where, which, who(m)及how等连接词，它们和动词不定式连用，即为wh- +to do结构。这种结构在句中常作主语、表语和宾语，作宾语时可以转换为宾语从句。(对于谓语动词来说，wh- +to do这个不定式动词的动作是个尚未发生的动作，所以在转换成宾语从句时，通常须加情态动词或用将来时表示未来。)
如：I don’t know what to do.=I don’t know what I should do.
She can’t decide which to buy.=she can’t decide which she will buy.
反之，如果主句中的主语与宾语从句中的主语一致时，宾语从句（由疑问词引导）通常可以与“疑问词+不定式”互相转换。
如：I don’t know what I should do.=I don’t know what to do.
如果不一致就不能转换。I want to know what Mary will do.(不能说:I want to know what to do.)
Unit4 Amazing Science
Topic1 When was it invented?
【重点短语】
1. go around 环绕
2. send…into… =send up…into… 把……送入......
3. congratulations on sth 祝贺某事
4. be proud of 为……而自豪
5. be moved by 为……而感动
6. Thanks/Thank you for +n./ving sth 感谢某人做的某事
7. have physical examinations 做体检
8. in good/bad health 处于好（不好）的身体状态
9. can’t help doing 情不自禁做……
10. take turn to (do sth) 轮流（做某事）
11. no doubt 疑地
12. as well as 除……的之外，也
13. for instance/example 例如
14. work on 做……（方面）的工作
15. depend on/upon 依靠，依赖
16. turn on 打开
17. turn off 关掉
18. turn up 开大
19. turn down 关小
20. click on 用鼠标点击
21. look forward to doing sth 期待做某事
【重点句型】
1. Now big plans are being made to send up more satellites and even build a space station.现在中国正在计划发射更多的卫星，甚至建造一个空间站。
2. I’m moved by what Yang Liwei did. 我被杨利伟所做的事感动了。
3. Generally speaking, we are in good health now. 一般来说，我们现在的健康状况良好。
4. We couldn’t help looking at the earth again and again. 我们忍不住再三地看着地球。
5. I was able to fall asleep as soon as I got into the sleeping bag.
We took turns to have a rest. 一进入睡袋我就睡着了。我们轮流休息。
6. It has proved that China has made great progress in developing its space industry. 这证明了中国航天业的发展已取得了巨大的进步。
7.There is no doubt that computers are widely used by workers in business and technology.毫无疑问，电脑被商业,科技工作者广泛地应用.
8. Computers have made the world smaller, like a “village”. 电脑使得世界变小了，就像一个“村庄”。
【重点语法】
宾语补足语
宾语补足语用来补充说明宾语，与宾语一起构成复合宾语。可作宾语补足语的有名词、形容词、副词、介词和动词不定式等。
（一）名词、形容词、副词、介词短语作宾语补足语。如：
1. We call him Jim.（名词） 我们叫他吉姆。
2. We must keep our school clean every day.（形容词） 我们必须每天保持校园清洁。
3. Call him in, please.（副词） 请叫他进来。
4. Leave it on the desk.（介词短语） 把它留在课桌上。
（二）动词不定式作宾语补足语可分为三种情况
1. 跟带to的不定式作宾语补足语。常见的这类动词有：ask, tell, get, teach, want, invite, like, allow, wish, encourage等。如：Tell Jane to sing us a song.叫简给我们唱支歌。
2. 跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。常见的这类动词有“一感（feel）、二听（listen to, hear）,三让（make, let, have）,四看（look at, see, watch, notice）如：Let’s have a rest.让我们休息一会儿。
但这种结构变成被动语态时，to必须加上。如：He was seen to leave the room with a book in his hand.有人见他手拿着一本书离开这个房间。
3. 跟带to或不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。这类动词只有help。如：
Can you help me (to) wash my clothes ? 你能帮我洗衣服吗？
（三）分词作宾语补足语可分为两种情况
1. 现在分词作宾语补足语，经常表示正在发生的动作。可跟这类补足语的动词有：see, watch, hear等。如：
I hear somebody singing in the next room. 我听见有人在隔壁唱歌。
2. 过去介词作宾语补足语，经常表示被动。如：
You need to have your hair cut. 你需要理发了。
Topic2 I'm excited about the things that
will be discovered in the future.
【重点短语】
1. be used for +ving 被用做……
2. come true 实现
3. It’s said that 据说
4. during/in one’s life 某人一生
5. be known as 以……（身份）而著名
6. know/say for certain 确切知道/肯定地说
7. all the time 一直，总是
8. no longer=not…any longer 不再
=(no more, not…any more)
9. as long as 只要
10. as far as 就……，尽……
11. make a great contribution 对…...作出巨大贡献
12. the rest of the time 在其余地时间里
13. at any time 在任何时候
【重点句型】
1. Because I’m not allowed to play computer games. 因为我不可以玩电脑游戏。
2. How do you say this in English? 这用英语怎么说？
3. It’s made from wood. 它用木材做的。
4. It’s used for helping us to improve our English. 它用来帮助我们提高英语水平。
5. People are surprised at the rapid development of robots. 人们为机器人的飞速发展感到惊讶。
6. They will no longer want to be our servants, but our masters.它们将不再愿意做我们的人，而要做我们的主人。
7. This method worked well at night as long as the weather was good and the stars could be seen. 在夜间只要天气晴朗，能看见星星，这种方法就能很好地发挥作用。
【重点语法】
一. 一般过去时的被动语态
谓语部分的基本形式是be的过去式was/were+及物动词的过去分词。如：
When was it made? 它是什么时候制造的？
It was made in 1980.它是1980年制造的。
When was the digital camera invented? 数码像机是什么时候发明的？
It was invented in 1975. 它是1975年发明的。
二. 时间前所用介词的速记歌
年月周前要用in，日子前面却不行。
遇到几号要用on，上午下午又是in。
要说某日上下午，用on换in才能行。
午夜黄昏须用at，黎明用它也不错。
at也用在时分前，说“差”可要用上to。
说“过”只可使用past，多说多练牢牢记，莫让岁月成蹉跎。
Topic3 China is the third nation that
sent a person into space.
【重点短语】
1. travel by spaceship 乘宇宙飞船旅行
2. in the future 在未来
3. in order to 为了
4. on the radio 通过收音机
5. take part in 参加
6. grow up 成长，长大
7. prefer…to 喜欢……胜过……
8. What’s worse 更为糟糕的是
9. be worth it 有好处，值得一干
10. at a distance of 相隔
11. send sb a message 给某人发送信息
【重点句型】
1. I don’t think aliens can be found in space. 我认为外星人不可能出现在太空里。
2. It has been two days since we landed on Mars. 自从我们登上火星以来已经两天了。
3. What’s worse, our water supplies were very low. 更糟糕的是，我们的水供给是非常有限的。
4. It’s a quarter as big as the earth. 它是地球的四分之一大。
5. Mars goes around the sun at a distance of about 228 million kilometers. 恒星在相隔大约228000000千米的地方绕着太阳转动。
【重点语法】
情态动词的被动语态
情态动词的被动语态由“情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。如：Aliens can not be seen on the earth. 在地球上不可能见到外星人。
Other planets may be visited soon in the future. 将来其他的星球也会有人登陆。
Scientific research should be done carefully. 应该认真地进行科学研究。
These trees must be watered in time. 这些树应该及时浇水。
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