板球怎么打 How cricket is played

这是上一篇文章的续篇，我们在文章中详细介绍了比赛所需的基础设施和比赛所用的装备。在这篇文章中，我们将试图诠释比赛规则，这也会让你知道比赛是如何打的。主题很长，不能在两篇文章中讨论，我们将在下一篇文章中继续讨论。

This is continuation of last article in which we gave details about the infrastructure required for the game and equipment used to play. In this article we will try to explain about the rules of the game which will also let you know, how it is played. Subject being lengthy, it cannot be covered in two article and we will continue with the same in our next article.

板球是一种由11名队员组成的团体比赛，一场比赛由两个队参加。在比赛过程中的人为行为可按以下方式：

Cricket is a team game consisting of 11 players and two teams are involved in one match. Human actions performed during the play can listed in the following manner:

1.    Batting  击球

2.    Bowling  投球

3.    Fielding  截球

4.    Wicket Keeping守门

5.    Umpiring  裁判

两个队都由队长带队。比赛从掷骰子开始，赢了掷骰子的队长可以选择击球。在比赛场地上有11名队员，其中两名男击球手/女击球手和两名裁判员。如果任何男击球手/女击球手在比赛中受伤，他/她可以选择他/她的队友为他/她跑。在这种情况下，选手数量会增加。

Both the teams are headed by their captain. Game begins with the toss and Captain winning the toss has the option of either choosing to bat or field. During the game ground is occupied by 11 players from fielding side, two batsmen/batswomen and two umpires. If any of the batsmen/batswomen gets injured during the play, he/she can opt for his/her teammate to run for him/her. In such condition there is increase in number of players.

简言之，板球是一种击球手试图保护自己的边线/解围和得分的比赛。球场/投球队试图尽快让击球队出局。

In short, cricket is a game where batter tries to protect his/her wicket/dismissal and score runs. Fielding/bowling side tries to dismiss the batting team as soon as possible.

现场裁判员用手示意他们的决定。

On field umpires use their hands to signal their decision.

击球

面对投球手的击球手被称为前锋，另一端的击球手被称为非前锋。一旦投球手投出一个合规的球，击球手就必须注意不要被出局，并设法得分。当一名击球手出局时，他/她将被队友替换，比赛将继续，直到10名击球手出局或完成了所有回合，或者击球队队长决定宣布该局。一队击球的完成叫做局。

Batting

Batter facing the bowler is called as striker and the one on the opposite end is called non-striker. Once a legal ball is delivered by the bowler, batter has to take care of not getting dismissed and try to score a run. When a batter is dismissed (out) he/she is replaced by her team mate and game continues till 10 batters are dismissed or limit of overs gets completed or captain of batting team decides to declare the inning. Completion of batting of one team is called Innings.

什么是跑动？

当投球手投出球后，没有出局的击球手跑动并改变击球终点，就会导致跑动。这取决于他们交叉的次数，以及在球出界前或在跑动过程中他们中的任何一个出界之前，改变了终点。

What is run? 

After the bowl is delivered by bowler and without getting dismissed batters run and change the ends, results in a run. This gets multiplied depending upon the number of times they crossed each other and changed the ends, before ball going out of play or before any of them is out in the process of making runs.

击球手每次击球都能跑得尽可能多。另一种得分方法是，当投球穿过地面边界时，但在穿过边界之前反弹，在这种情况下，击球员得到4次跑动，如果它没有反弹穿过边界，得分的跑动次数为6次。击球手的跑动记录在他们的个人得分下，这是球队总分的一部分。

Batter can score as many runs as possible on every shot played by running. Other way to score is when the bowl crosses the boundary of the ground but before crossing bounces before the boundary, in this case batter gets 4 runs, if it crosses the boundary without bouncing, number of runs scored are 6. Runs scored by batter are accounted under their individual score which is part of total score of the team.

其他获得跑动的方法有：

Other means of getting runs are:

“坏球”，球被宣布为坏球是由于各种原因。如果投球手从错误的位置投球，球会被宣布为危险球（通常发生在投球手全身投球时），在到达投球手之前反弹两次以上或滚动，或者如果接球手站在违规位置。投球手必须多投一个球。击球手可以打一个坏球并得分，但不能从坏球中出局，除非他/她出局了，击球两次，控球或阻挡场地。击球手在坏球的情况下得分得分，而球队也在坏球的情况下得分。在某些情况下，投球手要投出的下一个球是一个任意球，这意味着击球手将在上述情况下出局。

“No ball”, ball is declared no ball due to various reasons. If the bowler bowls the ball from the wrong place, the ball is declared dangerous (often happens when bowled at the batter’s body on the full), bounces more than twice or rolls before reaching the batter or if fielders are standing in illegal positions. Bowler has to ball extra ball. The batter can hit a no ball and score runs off it but cannot be out from a no ball except if he/she is run out, hits the ball twice, handle the ball or obstruct the field. The batter gains any runs scored off the no ball for his shot while the team also gains one run for the no ball itself. In some situations the next ball to be delivered by the bowler is a free hit which means batter will out under situation mentioned for no ball only.

“偏球”，如果裁判员认为击球手没有合理的机会在界外得分，则宣布为“偏球”。但是，如果投球越过击球手的头顶，将不会宣布为偏球，而是坏球。裁判员更严格地在较短的比赛形式下进行大范围的投球，而在板球测试中则更放松。一次大范围的投球会给击球队增加一次助跑。击球手不能在大范围的投球中出局，除非他/她被绊倒、跑出、击中他们的球门或挡住场地。投球手必须多投一个球。

“Wide Ball”, ball is declared if the umpire thinks the batter did not have a reasonable opportunity to score off the delivery as ball was not within the reach. However if the delivery is bowled over the batter’s head it will not be declared a wide but a no ball. Umpires are much stricter on wide deliveries in the shorter format of the game while being much more relaxed in test cricket. A wide delivery will add one run to the batting team. Batter is not able to get out of a wide delivery except if he/she is stumped, run out, hit their wicket or obstruct the field. Bowler has to bowl extra ball.

“无接触得分”，这种情况发生在一个不是坏球或偏传球的球在没有击球手击球的情况下，通过击球手和跑垒得分时。这些跑动不计入击球手的得分。

“Bye”, this occurs when a ball that isn’t a no ball or wide passes the striking batter and runs are scored without the batter hitting the ball. These runs are not added to batter’s score.

“触身得分”，这种情况发生在跑动是由球打进击球手的身体，而不是球棒，而且球不是坏球或偏球。然而，如果击球手没有尝试击球或是避开了球，就不能得分。这些跑步不计入击球手的分数。

“Leg Bye”, this happens when runs are scored by ball getting hit to the body of the batter, but not the bat and the ball is not a no ball or wide. However no runs can be scored if the striking batter didn’t attempt to play a shot or if avoided the ball. These runs are not added to batter’s score.

击球员出局的方式如下：

Batter gets dismissed in following manner:

“击杀”，这种情况发生在合规传送投球撞击柱门时，任何一个横木都会被移走。不论球是否碰到了击球手的球棒、手套、身体或击球手的任何其他部位。但是，在击球前，球不允许碰到其他球员或裁判。

“Bowled or Clean bowled”, this happens when legally delivered bowl hits the stump and any of the bails is dislodged. It does not matter whether the ball has touched the batter’s bat, gloves, body or any other part of the batter. However the ball is not allowed to have touched another player or umpire before hitting the wickets.

“腿截球”，这是发生在合规传送的投球击中任何身体部位时，首先除了手套，没有触及球棒和裁判员认为球会击中柱门，击球手被宣布出局。决定这种出局的重要因素是，球不应在腿柱外投出，也不应在远柱线外击中击球手。

“LBW (Leg before wicket), this occurs when legally delivered bowl hits any part of body of the batter first apart from the hand gloves, without touching the bat and umpire feels that ball would have hit the stumps, batter is declared out. Important factor in deciding such dismissal is that ball should not pitch outside the leg stump and should not hit the batter outside the line of off stump. 

“接杀”，这种情况发生在合规传送的球由击球手打球或接触到击球手的手套时，在球落地前，外野手、守门员或投球手接住球。

“Caught”, this happens when legally delivered ball is played by batter or touches hand gloves of the batter and before it lands on the ground, fielder, wicket keeper or bowler catches the ball.

“持球撞柱”当一名击球手在尝试打球时在位置线外，错过了球，并且边线守门员将横木移走，前提是他/她没有尝试跑动（如果尝试跑动，他/她将在跑动规则下出局）

“Stumped” when a batter is out of his/her crease in attempt to play the ball, misses the ball and wicket keeper dislodges the bails, provide that he/she has not attempted to take a run (if run is attempted, he/she is out under the rule of run out).

“截杀”是指当在打球时，如果击球手的球棒或身体没有一部分在击球的位置线后面，而且球被外野方移开，那么他就出局了。（应该把球扔到柱门上，或者球应该在用来移走横木的外野手的同一只手上。

“Run Out” batter is out if no part of his bat or body is grounded behind the popping crease while the ball is in play and the bails are dislodged by the fielding side. (Ball should be thrown on the stump or the ball should be in the same hand of the fielder which is used to dislodge the bails).

”误击三柱门“，板球规则规定，如果球在比赛中，一名击球手在投球手进入投球跨步后用球棒或身体击落他的球门，那么他就出局了。如果击球手在第一次起跑时击中了他的边线，那么他也将出局。

“Hit Wicket”,  Cricket rules specify that if a batter hits his wicket down with his bat or body after the bowler has entered his delivery stride and the ball is in play then he is out. The striking batsman is also out if he hits his wicket down while setting off for his first run.

“手持球”，未经对方同意，击球手如果用不接触球棒的手持球，就出局。

“Handled The Ball”, batter is out if he handles the ball with the hand that is not touching the bat without the consent of the opposition.

“超时”，当任何一个击球手出局时，另一个击球手必须准备好面对一个球，或者在出局的击球手出局后三分钟内与队友在非前锋端。如果不这样做，来的击球手可以出局。

“Timed Out”, when any batter is out an incoming batter must be ready to face a ball or be at the non-strikers end with their partner within three minutes of the outgoing batter being dismissed. If this is not done the incoming batter can be given out.

“二次击球”，如果击球手为了保护自己的球门而击球两次，或者未经对方同意，他/她就出局了。

“Hits The Ball Twice”, if a batter hits a ball twice for the purpose of protecting his wicket or without the consent from the opposition he/she is out.

“阻碍防守”，如果击球员用言语或行动来阻挡对方，那么他/她就出局了。

“Obstructing The Field”, batters are out if he/she obstructs the opposition by word or action.

跑得多的队被宣布为优胜者。如果先击球的队赢了这场比赛，则按跑数宣布获胜。如果打第二局的球队获胜，则以未被淘汰的边线数宣布获胜。

Team which has more runs is declared as winner. If team batting first wins the match, it is declared winner by number of runs. If team batting second wins, it is declared winner by number of wicket that did not get dismissed.

有其他形式的结果，如平局等，但这些信息足以让任何有兴趣的选手开始打板球。

There are other forms of results such as tie/draw,etc. But this information is enough for any player interested to start playing cricket.

 还有更多的规则与击球、投球和外野球有关。这些规则将在以后的文章中介绍。

There are more rules related to batting, bowling and fielding. These rules will be covered in future articles.

这里讨论的赢的性质对于比赛的所有三种格式都很常见。

Nature of win discussed here is common for all three formats of the game.

测试赛的格式完全不同，共有4局（每回合2局）。要进行的次数是无限的（要么是击球队必须被淘汰，要么他们可能决定宣布下局）。这4局将在5天内完成，否则比赛将被宣布为平局。胜利者是根据2局的总得分来决定的。每天至少要打90次以上的投球。课程名称包括上午场、午餐场和下午场。

Test matches are completely different format and total 4 innings are involved (2 by each side). Number of overs to be played are unlimited (either batting team has to be bowled out or they might decide to declare the innings).These 4 innings are to be completed in 5 days or else the match is declared as draw. Winner is decided on the basis of total runs scored in 2 innings. Minimum 90 overs has to be bowled during the day in three sessions. Sessions are named are morning session, post lunch and post tea.

在我们接下来的文章中，我们将详细讨论关于击球、投球和外场。

In our continuing articles, we will discuss in detail about batting, bowling and fielding.

最近，中国女队赢得了ICC 2019年亚洲杯预选赛。我们的平台向他们表示祝贺，并祝愿她们有美好的未来。

Recently Chinese women’s team won ICC 2019 Asia cup qualifier matches. Our platform would love to congratulate them and wish them bright future.

再次温馨提醒您，从2019年4月5日到2019年4月7日，在深圳举行T20锦标赛。这是现场观看比赛的好机会哦。

We would again like to remind you about T20 tournament being held at Shenzhen from 5^th April 2019 to 7^th April 2019. This is good opportunity to witness game being played live.