再越山丘 | “成绩顶尖的学生是如何学习的？”
知考杂志 ZHIKAOMAGAZINE
ILLUSTRATION BY VINCENT VAN GOGH
三山 | 闲言碎语
要不咱们把这些从Quora搬过来都叫做“越过山丘“系列系列好啦。
上期传送门在此：
这四个字大概可以作为咱们之间的小暗号，为你打开一扇平时没办法亲自触碰的窗子。
老规矩，原文＋翻译，能通读的尽量通读。
嘘。开始了。
原文
Q：How do top students study?
A（by Anagh Deshpande, PhD student (Mechanical Engineering):
Almost all the answers to this question have been written by people who have always been good students. I on the other hand, was an average student until my under-graduate (毕业之后？毕业之后要接受什么教育？猜猜看吧)education. During my Masters and then PhD, I made a few changes to the way I studied which yielded good results. Hopefully, these will be helpful to someone else as well.
Understand the concepts- When studying your material, work on it until you are sure you will be able to explain it to any lay man on the street. Initially（大纲词汇，不认识的面壁去）, I had to put in a lot of effort into this. But after a semester（学期）, the effort reduced drastically（彻底的，激烈的）.
Use available resources- If you decide to understand your concepts in the way mentioned above, you will have a lot of questions! Feel free to ask them to your instructor or your TA （应该是teaching assistant的缩写）during their office hours. Usually, they are more than willing to help you.
15 minutes before any class- Spend 15 minutes before the class to quickly go through the material that was covered in the previous（这是一个real重要的大纲词汇） class. This revision（一个仍旧重要的大纲词汇） will set you up for the material that is going to be covered and will reduce the effort you will have to put in later to understand the material.
Every evening on the day of the class- Spend at least half an hour in the evening or whenever possible on the same day of the class to revisit the material covered in that day’s class. When the material is fresh in your mind, understanding it in-depth is much easier.
Assignments- Try to get 100% on all the assignments! Assignments are easy points. You can take your time to make them perfect if you start early. Once you have scored well on the assignments, you will have a lot of margin（边缘） of error in your exams.
Finals week- If you follow above 4 guidelines diligently（勤劳地）, you will automatically be able to spread your workload（工作量） over the entire semester instead of having to cram it during the finals week. I was able to do away with the sleepless nights during finals week by being consistent throughout the semester.
In my experience, it does not take much effort to get good grades. The only caveat is that all the effort you put in has be methodical and consistent. I hope my answer helps someone wanting to do well. For any other specific questions, feel free to message or comment on the answer.
译文
这个问题几乎所有的答案都是一直以来都是好学生的人写的。另一方面，我是一个普通的学生，直到我的研究生教育。在我的硕士和博士学位期间，我对学习方式做了一些改变，取得了很好的成绩。希望这些对其他人也有帮助。
理解概念 -在研究你的材料的时候，一定要对它进行研究，直到你确信你将能够向街上的任何一个路人解释它。起初，我不得不付出很多的努力。但是一个学期之后，就不那么费力了。
使用可用资源 -如果你决定以上述方式理解概念，你将会出现很多疑问！（注释：当然啦，一旦认真学习就肯定会发现自己有很多不懂的地方）你可以随时在办公时间内向你的导师或你的助教提问。通常，他们会非常乐意地帮助你。
课前需有15分钟-花15分钟去快速浏览之前的课程里涵盖的内容。这一回顾将为你准备好去接受接下来即将讲授的内容，并减少稍后你需要了解的内容的工作量。
下课后的每晚-至少晚上花半小时在晚上或尽可能在上了课的同一天复习今天所学的内容 48 31825 48 15287 0 0 3568 0 0:00:08 0:00:04 0:00:04 3568当这些课程内容对你来说是新鲜的之时，想深入了解它会更容易。（注释：趁热打铁咯）
作业 -尽量百分之百地完成作业！作业很简单。如果你早点开始，你可以花时间去完善它们。一旦你的作业取得了好成绩，在考试中你就可以试探很多错误的边缘。
（标注：需要注意的是，在大学里，不是期末考试一场就能决定你整个学期的成绩的，而是平时作业的成绩加上期末考成绩以及其他balabala放在一起，按比例算出来的，所以说，平时成绩高，期末考就可以在犯错的边缘试探了，如下图）
考试周-如果你努力遵守以上4条指导方针，那么你将能够在整个学期自动地分散掉你的工作量，而不必集中在考试周期间去完成。在每个这样坚持这样去做的学期里，我都可以解决掉在考试周没日没夜熬夜的问题。（注释：考试周熬夜…当代大学生常态）
根据我的经验，取得好成绩并不费太多力气。唯一需要注意的是，你投入的所有努力都应该是是有条不紊的。我希望我的回答能帮助那些想要变得优秀的人。对于任何其他具体问题，请随时留言或评论答案。
Anagh Deshpande
PhD student
(Mechanical Engineering)
作者：Anagh Deshpande 翻译：三山
校对＆编辑：如山清
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