专题追踪丨制度创业国际研究精选
编者按：
在大多数国家面临重大金融和经济危机的情况下，如何改革现有制度的问题变得更加紧迫。然而，改变现有制度的努力面临着其具有的强大惯性力量。Paul DiMaggio于1988年提出制度创业概念，认为企业家可通过创业行为改革现有制度环境，有助于回答旧制度如何被颠覆，以及新制度如何产生的问题。关于制度创业的发展，其主要挑战在于“嵌入代理悖论”，即由制度环境所塑造的行为主体如何能够改变这些制度环境。此外，大多研究关注制度创业为推动社会变革而带来的积极影响，少数研究注意到其产生的负面影响。
本期分享AMJ、AMA、OS和JOM等国际顶级管理学期刊制度创业研究摘要精选。
目录 CONTENTS
Institutional Entrepreneurship in Emerging Fields: HIV/AIDS Treatment Advocacy in Canada
新兴领域中的制度创业：加拿大的HIV/AIDS治疗倡议
Institutional Entrepreneurship in Mature Fields: The Big Five Accounting Firms
成熟领域中的制度创业：五大会计师事务所
A Dark Side of Institutional Entrepreneurship: Soccer Balls, Child Labour and Postcolonial Impoverishment
制度创业的阴暗面：足球、童工和后殖民贫困
How Actors Change Institutions: Towards a Theory of Institutional Entrepreneurship
行动者如何改变制度：制度创业理论
The Coevolution of Institutional Entrepreneurship: A Tale of Two Theories
制度创业的共同进化：两个理论的故事
The Role of Institutional Entrepreneurship in Building Digital Ecosystem: A Case Study of Red Collar Group (RCG)
制度创业在构建数字生态系统中的作用：以红领集团为例
The Transformation from Traditional Nonprofit Organizations to Social Enterprises: An Institutional Entrepreneurship Perspective
从传统非营利组织到社会企业的转型：制度创业视角
Institutional Entrepreneurship in Emerging Fields: HIV/AIDS Treatment Advocacy in Canada
新兴领域中制度创业：加拿大的HIV/AIDS治疗倡议
摘要：
在对加拿大艾滋病治疗倡议这一新兴领域的定性研究中，我们发现制度创业涉及三组关键活动：（1）占据具有广泛合法性和连接不同利益相关者的“主体位置”，（2 ) 通过话语和政治手段将新实践理论化，以及 (3) 通过将这些新实践与利益相关者的日常和价值观联系起来，使这些新实践制度化。
In a qualitative study of the emerging field of HIV/AIDS treatment advocacy in Canada, we found that institutional entrepreneurship involved three sets of critical activities: (1) the occupation of "subject positions" that have wide legitimacy and bridge diverse stakeholders, (2) the theorization of new practices through discursive and political means, and (3) the institutionalization of these new practices by connecting them to stakeholders' routines and values.
文献来源：
Maguire S, Hardy C, Lawrence TB. 2004. Institutional Entrepreneurship in Emerging Fields: Hiv/Aids Treatment Advocacy in Canada. Academy of Management Journal 47(5): 657-679.
Institutional Entrepreneurship in Mature Fields: The Big Five Accounting Firms
成熟领域中的制度创业：五大会计师事务所
摘要：
本研究考察了从成熟组织领域中发起的变革。因此，它解决了嵌入代理的悖论——即行为主体如何改变塑造了他们的环境的悖论。检验到的变化是引入新的组织形式。结合网络区位理论和辩证理论，我们发现了形成精英制度创业过程模型的四个动力。
This study examines change initiated from the center of mature organizational fields. As such, it addresses the paradox of embedded agency—that is, the paradox of how actors enact changes to the context by which they, as actors, are shaped. The change examined is the introduction of a new organizational form. Combining network location theory and dialectical theory, we identify four dynamics that form a process model of elite institutional entrepreneurship.
文献来源：
Greenwood R, Suddaby R. 2006. Institutional entrepreneurship in mature fields: The big five accounting firms. Academy of Management Journal 49(1): 27-48.
A Dark Side of Institutional Entrepreneurship: Soccer Balls, Child Labour and Postcolonial Impoverishment
制度创业的阴暗面：足球、童工和后殖民贫困
摘要：
制度创业在制度理论文献中通常以积极的方式描绘，通常象征着进步和创新的理想。本文通过考虑长期存在的童工制度实践如何从位于巴基斯坦锡亚尔科特的世界上最大的足球制造集群中消除，探索了制度创业的“阴暗面”。我们的重点是权力的运作，而不是企业家联盟的代理。我们展示了权力在解决和报道童工问题时如何霸权运作，从而将注意力从看似渐进和良性的制度改革的“黑暗”问题方面转移开来。考虑这些动态对制度创业的传统表述提出了挑战，并表明在研究制度创业实践时发展更批判性观点的相关性。
Institutional entrepreneurship is typically portrayed in a positive light in the institutional theory literature, frequently symbolizing ideals of progress and innovation. In this paper, we explore a‘darker’ side of institutional entrepreneurship by considering how the long-standing institutional practice of child labour was eliminated from the world’s largest soccer ball manufacturing cluster in Sialkot, Pakistan. Our focus is upon the operation of power rather than the agency of the coalition of entrepreneurs. We show how power operated hegemonically in solving and reporting the issue of child labour in a way that deflected attention from‘darker’ problematic aspects of this seemingly progressive and benign institutional reform. Consideration of these dynamics presents a challenge to conventional representations of institutional entrepreneurship and suggests the relevance of developing a more critical perspective when studying instances of institutional work.
文献来源：
Khan FR, Munir KA, Willmott H. 2007. A Dark Side of Institutional Entrepreneurship: Soccer Balls, Child Labour and Postcolonial Impoverishment. Organization Studies 28(7): 1055-1077.
How Actors Change Institutions: Towards a Theory of Institutional Entrepreneurship
行动者如何改变制度：制度创业理论
摘要：
除了回顾 Paul DiMaggio 于 1988 年提出的制度创业概念的文献，我们还提出了制度创业过程的模型。我们首先提出与该概念相关的理论和定义问题，并提出有助于理解这些问题的制度创业的概念说明。然后，我们介绍了制度创业过程的不同阶段，从制度企业家的出现到他们实施变革。最后，我们强调制度创业研究的未来方向，并讨论其在加强制度理论以及更广泛的组织研究领域中的作用。
As well as review the literature on the notion of institutional entrepreneurship introduced by Paul DiMaggio in 1988, we propose a model of the process of institutional entrepreneurship. We first present theoretical and definitional issues associated with the concept and propose a conceptual account of institutional entrepreneurship that helps to accommodate them. We then present the different phases of the process of institutional entrepreneurship from the emergence of institutional entrepreneurs to their implementation of change. Finally, we highlight future directions for research on institutional entrepreneurship, and conclude with a discussion of its role in strengthening institutional theory as well as, more broadly, the field of organization studies.
文献来源：
Battilana J, Leca B, Boxenbaum E. 2009. How Actors Change Institutions: Towards a Theory of Institutional Entrepreneurship. The Academy of Management Annals 3(1): 65-107.
The Coevolution of Institutional Entrepreneurship: A Tale of Two Theories
制度创业的共同进化：两个理论的故事
摘要：
本文对制度创业研究进行了回顾和分析，重点关注这些文献在两个截然不同的流派中的出现：基于社会学的制度理论和基于经济学的制度经济学。作者完成了对来自这些并行但未合流的研究流的 141 篇文章的梳理，以了解它们的整合如何有助于进一步理解制度创业。每个流派都针对以下主题的各自方法进行了审查：制度企业家的性质，所涉及的制度类型，制度创业的决定因素，过程中使用的机制以及每个流派的经验重点。文章建议对这两个流进行更大程度的同化，并讨论概念整合的具体机会。最后，本文提出了将创业研究纳入制度创业研究的议程。本综述的结果表明，虽然制度经济学主要关注制度创业的前因和结果，但制度理论的观点更关注推动这种变化的过程和机制。作者还建议，创业理论可以通过告知是否以及如何识别、发现和创造制度变革的机会，以及提供对此类活动的前因和机制的见解，极大地促进了我们对制度创业的理解。最重要的是，在制度创业研究中整合制度理论、制度经济学和创业研究的独特视角和领域，为扩大我们对这一概念及其含义的理解提供了大量机会。
This article provides a review and analysis of institutional entrepreneurship research with a focus on the emergence of this literature within two largely divergent streams: sociology-based institutional theory and economics-based institutional economics. The authors completed a review of 141 articles from these concurrent, but unlinked, research streams to understand how their integration might contribute to the further understanding of institutional entrepreneurship. Each stream is reviewed on its respective approaches to the following topics: the nature of the institutional entrepreneur, the types of institutions addressed, the determinants of institutional entrepreneurship, the mechanisms used in the process, and the empirical focus of each stream. The article recommends greater assimilation of the two streams and discusses specific opportunities for conceptual integration. Finally, the article offers an agenda for incorporating entrepreneurship research into the study of institutional entrepreneurship. Findings from this review suggest that while institutional economics focuses mostly on the antecedents and outcomes of institutional entrepreneurship, the institutional theory perspective is more concerned with the process and mechanisms that drive such change. The authors also suggest that entrepreneurship theory can greatly advance our understanding of institutional entrepreneurship by informing whether and how opportunities for institutional change are recognized, discovered, and created, as well as by providing insights on the antecedents and mechanisms of such activity. Most important, integrating the unique perspectives and domains of institutional theory, institutional economics, and entrepreneurship research in the study of institutional entrepreneurship provides substantial opportunity for expanding our understanding of the concept and its implications.
文献来源：
Pacheco DF, York JG, Dean TJ, Sarasvathy SD. 2010. The Coevolution of Institutional Entrepreneurship: A Tale of Two Theories. Journal of Management 36(4): 974-1010.
The Role of Institutional Entrepreneurship in Building Digital Ecosystem: A Case Study of Red Collar Group (RCG)
制度创业在构建数字生态系统中的作用：以红领集团为例
摘要：
制度创业在成功实现组织转型方面发挥着越来越重要的作用，尤其是涉及构建数字化生态系统的转型。然而，尽管对制度创业的研究成果丰硕，但如何成功地实现组织转型仍不清楚。因此，我们的研究旨在通过研究定制西装的市场领导者红领集团 (RCG) 的案例研究来消除这个黑匣子的歧义。本案例的研究结果突出了制度创业在实现组织转型中所发挥的重要作用。它强调，在构建数字生态系统的转型过程中，制度创业在不同的行动模式中表现得淋漓尽致。
Institutional entrepreneurship has increasingly played a critical role in successfully achieving organizational transformation, especially one that involves building a digitally enabled ecosystem. However, despite fruitful research on institutional entrepreneurship, it is still not clearly understood how one might successfully achieve organizational transformation. Thus, our study aims to disambiguate this black box by examining the case study of Red Collar Group (RCG), a market leader in making custom made suits. Thefindings of this case highlight the significant role played by institutional entrepreneurship in achieving organizational transformation. It highlights that institutional entrepreneurship is evident in different modes of action in the transformational process of building the digital ecosystem.
文献来源：
Hu H, Huang T, Zeng Q, Zhang S. 2016. The role of institutional entrepreneurship in building digital ecosystem: A case study of Red Collar Group (RCG). International Journal of Information Management 36(3): 496-499.
The Transformation from Traditional Nonprofit Organizations to Social Enterprises: An Institutional Entrepreneurship Perspective
从传统非营利组织到社会企业的转型：制度创业视角
摘要：
商业收入流的发展使传统的非营利组织能够增加财务确定性，以应对传统资金来源的减少和竞争的加剧。为了抓住商业创收机会，传统的非营利组织需要刻意转型为社会企业。通过制度创业的理论视角，我们通过分析对来自英国社会企业的 64 位制度企业家的实地访谈，探索支持这种转变的制度工作。我们发现，整合商业流程并将传统非营利组织转变为社会企业的途径需要在三个不同领域进行六种不同的制度工作；它们是——“参与商业收入战略”、“创建专业化的组织形式”和“使社会企业商业模式合法化”。在阐述社会创业的研究和实践时，我们提供了一个全面的框架，描述了有助于从传统非营利组织向社会企业转型的关键实践。这扩展了我们对将商业流程纳入社会组织的事前战略的理解。此外，对这些实践的识别也为该领域的学者提供了一个重要工具，以更深入地研究每种实践与社会创业的不同伦理问题之间的联系（或脱钩）。
The development of commercial revenue streams allows traditional nonprofit organizations to increase financial certainty in response to the reduction of traditional funding sources and increased competition. In order to capture commercial revenuegenerating opportunities, traditional nonprofit organizations need to deliberately transform themselves into social enterprises. Through the theoretical lens of institutional entrepreneurship, we explore the institutional work that supports this transformation by analyzing field interviews with 64 institutional entrepreneurs from UK-based social enterprises. We find that the route to incorporate commercial processes and convert traditional nonprofit organizations into social enterprises requires six distinct kinds of institutional work at three different domains; these are—“engaging commercial revenue strategies”, “creating a professionalized organizational form”, and“legitimating a socio-commercial business model”. In elaborating on social entrepreneurship research and practice, we offer a comprehensive framework delineating the key practices contributing to the transformation from traditional nonprofit organizations to social enterprises. This extends our understanding of the ex-ante strategy of incorporating commercial processes within social organizations. Furthermore, the identification of these practices also offers an important tool for scholars in this field to examine the connection (or disconnection) of each practice with different ethical concerns of social entrepreneurship in greater depth.
文献来源：
Ko WW, Liu G. 2020. The Transformation from Traditional Nonprofit Organizations to Social Enterprises: An Institutional Entrepreneurship Perspective. Journal of Business Ethics 171(1): 15-32.
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-供稿 / 编辑：郑若愚 | 审核：綦成双-
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